Measurement and modeling of video watching time in a large-scale internet video-on-demand system

IEEE Transactions on Multimedia

Volumn 15, Issue 8, 2013, Pages

  Chen, Yishuai ^a   Zhang, Baoxian ^b   Liu, Yong ^c   Zhu, Wei ^d  

^a BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d PPLive R and D   (China)

Author keywords

Consumer behavior; Measurement; Modeling; Streaming media; Videos

Indexed keywords

COMMERCIAL INTERNET; LARGE-SCALE STREAMING; MEASUREMENT DATA; STREAMING MEDIA; STREAMING SESSIONS; VIDEO-ON-DEMAND SYSTEM; VIDEOON-DEMAND SYSTEMS (VOD); VIDEOS;

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; CONSUMER BEHAVIOR; INTERNET; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MEASUREMENTS; MODELS; ONLINE SYSTEMS; VIDEO ON DEMAND;

QUALITY CONTROL;

EID: 84888321659     PISSN: 15209210     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TMM.2013.2280123     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. You Tube [Online]. Available: http://www.youtube.com/
2. Hulu [Online]. Available: http://www.hulu.com/
3. BBC iPlayer [Online]. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/
4. PPTV [Online]. Available: http://www.pptv.com/
5. Cisco Inc. (2012, May) Cisco visual networking index: forecast and methodology, 2011-2016 [Online]. Available: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/ solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white-paper-c11-481360.pdf
6. F. Dobrian, V. Sekar, A. Awan, I. Stoica, D. Joseph, A. Ganjam, J. B. Zhan, and H. Zhang, "Understanding the impact of video quality on user engagement," in Proc. SIGCOMM'11, Toronto, ON, Canada, Aug. 2011, pp. 362-373.
7. J. Wang, J. Pouwelse, J. Fokker, P.V. Arjen, and M. J. Reinders, "Personalization on a peer-to-peer television system," Multimedia Tools Applicat., vol. 36, no. 1-2, pp. 89-113, Jan. 2008. (Pubitemid 350274739)
8. F. Qiu and Y. Cui, "A quantitative study of user satisfaction in online video streaming," in Proc. CCNC'11, Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 2011, pp. 410-414.
9. D. Stolarz, "Peer-to-peer streaming media delivery," in Proc. P2P'01, Linkoping, Sweden, Aug. 2001, pp. 48-52.
10. R. Lienhart, M. Holliman, Y. Chen, I. Kozintsev, and M. Yeung, "Improving media services on P2P networks," IEEE Internet Comput., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 73-77, Jan. 2002. (Pubitemid 34198230)
11. D. Wu, Y. Liu, and K. Ross, "Modeling and analysis of multi-channel P2P live video systems," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1248-1260, Aug. 2010.
12. Z. Li, J. Lin, M. Akodjenou, G. Xie, M.A. Kaafar, Y. Jin, and G. Peng, "Watching video from everywhere: A study of the PPTV mobile Vo D system," in Proc. IMC'12, Boston, MA, USA, Nov. 2012, pp. 185-198.
13. A. Rao, Y. Lim, C. Barakat, A. Legout, D. Towsley, and W. Dabbous, "Network characteristics of video streaming traffic," in Proc. CoNEXT'11, Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 2011, pp. 25:1-25:12.
14. K. C. Almeroth and M. H. Ammar, "Collecting and modeling the join/leave behavior of multicast group members in the MBone," in Proc. HPDC'96, New York, NY, USA, Aug. 1996, pp. 209-216.
15. S. Acharya, B. Smith, and P. Parns, "Characterizing user access to videos on the World Wide Web," in Proc. MMCN'00, San Jose, CA, USA, Jan. 2000.
16. M. Vilas, X. Paneda, R. Garcia, D. Melendi, and V. Garcia, "User behaviour analysis of a video-on-demand service with a wide variety of subjects and lengths," in Proc. EUROMICRO'05, Porto, Portugal, 2005, pp. 330-337. (Pubitemid 44250699)
17. H. L. Yu, D. D. Zheng, B. Y. Zhao, and W. M. Zheng, "Understanding user behavior in large-scale video-on-demand systems," SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 333-344, Oct. 2006. (Pubitemid 47485756)
18. A. Finamore, M. Mellia, M. M. Munafo, R. Torres, and S. Rao, "Youtube everywhere: Impact of device and infrastructure synergies on user experience," in Proc. IMC'11, Berlin, Germany, Nov. 2011, pp. 345-360.
19. Y. Geng, T. Westholm, M. Kihl, I. Sedano, A. Aurelius, C. Lagerstedt, and P. Odling, "Analysis and characterization of IPTV user behavior," in Proc. BMSB'09, Bilbao, Spain, May 2009, pp. 1-6.
20. W. T. Tang, Y. Fu, L. Cherkasova, and A. Vahdat, "Modeling and generating realistic streaming media server workloads," Comput. Netw., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 336-356, Jan. 2007. (Pubitemid 44548525)
21. R. Garcia, X. G. Paneda, D. Melendi, and V. Garcia, "Probabilistic analysis and interdependence discovery in the user in-teractions of a video news on demand service," Comput. Netw., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 2038-2049, Aug. 2009.
22. C. Huang, J. Li, and K. W. Ross, "Can internet video-on-demand be profitable?," in Proc. SIGCOMM'07, New York, NY, USA, July 2007, pp. 133-144. (Pubitemid 350239779)
23. M. Cha, P. Rodriguez, J. Crowcroft, S. Moon, and X. Amatrianin, "Watching television over an IP network," in Proc. IMC'08, Vouliagmeni, Greece, Oct. 2008, pp. 71-84.
24. T. Silverston and O. Fourmaux, P2P IPTV Measurement: A Comparison Study, University Paris LIP6/NPA Laboratory, Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.arxiv.org/abs/cs.NI/0610133
25. X. Hei, C. Liang, J. Liang, Y. Liu, and K. W. Ross, "A measurement study of a large scale p2p iptv system," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1672-1687, 2007. (Pubitemid 350157906)
26. L. Vu, I. Gupta, J. Liang, and K. Nahrstedt, "Measurement and modeling of a large-scale overlay for multimedia streaming," in Proc. QSHINE'07, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Aug. 2007, pp. 3:1-3:7.
27. X. Hei, Y. Liu, and K. W. Ross, "Inferring network-wide quality in P2P live streaming systems," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1640-1654, 2007. (Pubitemid 350210495)
28. S. Spoto, R. Gaeta, M. Grangetto, and M. Sereno, "Analysis of PP Live through active and passive measurements," in Proc. IPDPS'09, Rome, Italy, May 2009, pp. 1-7.
29. P. Gao, T. Liu, Y. Chen, X. Wu, Y. El-Khatib, and C. Edwards, "The measurement and modeling of a P2P streaming video service," in Proc. Grid Nets'09, Athens, Greece, 2009, pp. 24-34.
30. Y. Huang, T.Z. J. Fu, D. Chiu, J.C. S. Lui, and C. Huang, "Challenges, design and analysis of a large-scale P2P-VoD system," in Proc. SIGCOMM' 08, New York, NY, USA, May 2008, pp. 375-388.
31. iResearch Inc. (2012, Jun.) Pptv ranked no.1 by daily user traffic in china online video industry, driven by differentiated content services [Online]. Available: http://www.iresearchchina.com/news/4262.html
32. M. Chesire, A. Wolman, G. Voelker, and H. Levy, "Measurement and analysis of a streaming-mediaworkload," in Proc. USITS'01, Berkeley, CA, USA, Mar. 2001, pp. 1-12.
33. L. Cherkasova, "Characterizing locality, evolution, and life span of accesses in enterprise media server workloads," in Proc. NOSSDAV'02, New York, NY, USA, May 2002, pp. 33-42. (Pubitemid 35040053)
34. A. N. M. Research. (2012) Peoplemeter [Online]. Available: http://www.agbnielsen.net/products/peoplemeter.asp
35. P. Gill, M. Arlitt, Z. Li, and A. Mahanti, "Youtube traffic characterization: A view from the edge," in Proc. IMC'07, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 2007, pp. 15-28.
36. M. Cha, H. Kwak, P. Rodriguez, Y.-Y. Ahn, and S. Moon, "I tube, you tube, everybody tubes: Analyzing the world's largest user generated content video system," in Proc. IMC'07, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 2007, pp. 1-14.
37. V. K. Adhikari, Y. Guo, F. Hao, V. Hilt, and Z. L. Zhang, "A tale of three CDNs: An active measurement study of Hulu and its CDNs," in Proc. INFOCOM'12, Orlando, FL, USA, Mar. 2012, pp. 7-12.
38. V. K. Adhikari, Y. Guo, F. Hao, M. Varvello, V. Hilt, M. Steiner, and Z.-L. Zhang, "Unreeling Netflix: Understanding and improving multi-CDN movie delivery," in Proc. INFOCOM'12, Orlando, FL, USA, Mar. 2012, pp. 1620-1628.
39. M. Saxena, U. Sharan, and S. Fahmy, "Analyzing video services in web 2.0: A global perspective," in Proc. NOSSDAV'08, Braunschweig, Germany, May 2008, pp. 39-44.
40. C. Wu, B. Li, and S. Zhao, "Diagnosing network-wide P2P live streaming inefficiencies," ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl., vol. 8s, no. 1, pp. 13:1-13:19, Feb. 2012.
41. T. Qiu, Z. Ge, S. Lee, J. Wang, J. Xu, and Q. Zhao, "Modeling user activities in a large IPTV system," in Proc. IMC'09, Chicago, IL, USA, Nov. 2009, pp. 430-441.
42. E. Veloso, V. Almeida, W. Meira, A. Bestravos, and S. Jin, "A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 133-146, Feb. 2006. (Pubitemid 43264675)
43. K. Sripanidkulchai, B. Maggs, and H. Zhang, "An analysis of live streaming workloads on the internet," in Proc. IMC'04, Taormina, Italy, Feb. 2004, pp. 41-54. (Pubitemid 40372030)
44. H. Yin, X. Liu, F. Qiu, N. Xia, C. Lin, H. Zhang, V. Sekar, and G. Min, "Inside the bird's nest: Measurements of large-scale live VoD from the 2008 Olympics," in Proc. IMC'09, Chicago, IL, USA, Nov. 2009, pp. 442-455.
45. J. M. Almeida, J. Krueger, D. L. Eager, and M. K. Vernon, "Analysis of educational media server workloads," in Proc. NOSSDAV'01, New York, NY, USA, Jun. 2001, pp. 21-30. (Pubitemid 32865799)
46. C. Costa, I. Cunha, A. Borges, C. Ramos, M. Rocha, J. Almeida, and B. Ribeiro-Neto, "Analyzing client interactivity in streaming media," in Proc. WWW'04, New York, NY, USA, May 2004, pp. 534-543. (Pubitemid 40752787)
47. T. Mitchell, Machine Learning. New York, NY, USA:McGraw-Hill, 1997.
48. W. J. Conover, Practical Nonparametric Statistics, 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1998.
49. Y. Chen, B. Zhang, Y. Liu, and W. Zhu, Measurement and Modeling of Video Watching Time in a Large-Scale Internet Video-on-Demand System, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tech. Rep. [Online]. Available: http://js.caseducation.cn/upload/User-Files/File/2013021814240912887.pdf
50. T. Luis, Data Mining with R: Learning with Case Studies. London, U.K.: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2011.
51. A. Azzalini, "A class of distributions which includes the normal ones," Scand. J. Statist., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 171-178, 1985.
52. A. Azzalini, (2011) sn: The skew-normal and skew-t distributions. r package, version 0.4-17 [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project. org/package=sn
53. L. Guo, E. Tan, S. Chen, Z. Xiao, and X. Zhang, "The stretched exponential distribution of internet media access patterns," in Proc. PODC'08, Toronto, ON, Canada, Aug. 2008, pp. 283-294.
54. L. Torgo and O. Ohashi, "2D-interval predictions for time series," in Proc. KDD'11, San Diego, CA, USA, Aug. 2011, pp. 787-794.
55. L. Breiman, J. Friedman, R. Olshen, and C. Stone, Classification and Regression Trees. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, 1984.
56. T. M. Therneau, B. A. port by Brian Ripley. rpart: Recursive partitioning. R package, version 3.1-52 [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rpart
57. L. Breiman, "Random forests," Mach. Learn., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 5-32, 2001. (Pubitemid 32933532)
58. A. Liaw and M. Wiener, "Classification and regression by random forest," R News, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 18-22, 2002.