Prognostic value of endotoxemia in patients with gram-negative bacteremia is bacterial species dependent

Journal of Innate Immunity

Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 555-564

  Hurley, James C ^a,b,c   Opal, Steven M ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b ST JOHN OF GOD HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c BALLARAT HEALTH SERVICES   (Australia)

^d BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Endotoxemia; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacteremia; Limulus assay; Sepsis; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; LIPID A; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; COMORBIDITY; DOSE RESPONSE; ENDOTOXEMIA; ENTEROBACTER; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FATALITY; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; KLEBSIELLA; MENINGOCOCCEMIA; MORTALITY; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PSEUDOMONAS; SALMONELLA TYPHI; SURVIVAL TIME; YERSINIA PESTIS; NONHUMAN; SALMONELLA ENTERICA SUBSP. ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI;

BACTEREMIA; ENDOTOXEMIA; ENTEROBACTER; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; KLEBSIELLA; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; PROGNOSIS; PSEUDOMONAS; SALMONELLA TYPHI; SEPSIS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 84888306556     PISSN: 1662811X     EISSN: 16628128     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000347172     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Munford RS: Sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? Infect Immun 2008; 76: 454-465.
2. Hurley JC: Endotoxemia: methods of detection and clinical correlates. Clin Micro Rev 1995; 8: 268-292.
3. Opal S, Gluck T: Endotoxin as a drug target. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:S57-S64.
4. Hurley JC, Guidet B, Offenstadt G, Maury E: Endotoxemia and mortality prediction in ICU and other settings: underlying risk and co-detection of gram negative bacteremia are confounders. Crit Care 2012; 16:R148.
5. Dyson A, Singer M: Animal models of sepsis: Why does preclinical efficacy fail to translate to the clinical setting? Crit Care Med 2009; 37:S30-S37.
6. Rittirsch D, Hoesel LM, Ward PA: The disconnect between animal models of sepsis and human sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81: 137-143.
7. Butler T, Levin J, Cu DQ, Walker RI: Bubonic plague: detection of endotoxemia with the limulus test. Ann Intern Med 1973; 79: 642-646.
8. Butler T, Levin J, Linh NN, Chau DM, Adickman M, Arnold K: Yersinia pestis infection in Vietnam. II. Quantitative blood cultures and detection of endotoxin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis. J Infect Dis 1976; 133: 493-499.
9. Brandtzaeg P, Kierulf P, Gaustad P, et al: Plasma endotoxin as a predictor of multiple organ failure and death in systemic meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 1989; 159: 195-204.
10. van Deventer SJ, Buller HR, ten Cate JW, Sturk A, Pauw W: Endotoxaemia: an early predictor of septicaemia in febrile patients. Lancet 1988; 1: 605-609.
11. Levin J, Poore TE, Young NS, et al: Gramnegative sepsis: detection of endotoxemia with the limulus test. With studies of associated changes in blood coagulation, serum lipids and complement. Ann Intern Med 1972; 76: 1-7.
12. Opal SM, Scannon PJ, Vincent JL, et al: Relationship between plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 1584-1589.
13. Stumacher RJ, Kovnat MJ, McCabe WR: Limitations of the usefulness of the limulus assay for endotoxin. N Engl J Med 1973; 288: 1261-1264.
14. Bates DW, Parsonnet J, Ketchum PA, et al: Limulus lysate assay for detection of endotoxin in patients with sepsis syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 582-591.
15. Danner RL, Elin RJ, Hosseini JM, Wesley RA, Reilly JM, Parillo JE: Endotoxemia in human septic shock. Chest 1991; 99: 169-175.
16. Goldie AS, Fearon KCH, Ross JA, et al: Natural cytokine antagonists and endogenous anti-endotoxin core antibodies in sepsis syndrome. JAMA 1995; 274: 172-177.
17. Guidet B, Barakett V, Vassal T, Petit JC, Offenstadt G: Endotoxemia and bacteremia in patients with sepsis syndrome in the intensive care unit. Chest 1994; 106: 1194-1201.
18. Venet C, Zeni F, Viallon A, et al: Endotoxaemia in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26: 538-544.
19. Kollef MH, Eisenberg PR: A rapid quantitative assay to detect circulating endotoxin can predict the development of multiorgan dysfunction. Chest 1997; 112: 173-180.
20. Casey LC, Balk RA, Bone RC: Plasma cytokine and endotoxin levels correlate with survival in patients with the sepsis syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 771-778.
21. Hurley JC: Endotoxemia and Gram-negative bacteremia as predictors of outcome in sepsis: a meta-analysis using ROC curves. J Endotoxin Res 2003; 9: 271-279.
22. Danner RL, Natanson C, Elin RJ, et al: Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with Escherichia coli produces less endotoxemia but more cardiovascular dysfunction and mortality in a canine model of septic shock. Chest 1990; 98: 1480-1487.
23. Hoffman WD, Danner RL, Quezado ZM, Banks SM, Elin RJ, Hosseini JM, Natanson C: Role of endotoxemia in cardiovascular dysfunction and lethality: virulent and nonvirulent Escherichia coli challenges in a canine model of septic shock. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 406-412.
24. Roberts FJ, Geere IW, Coldman A: A threeyear study of positive blood cultures, with emphasis on prognosis. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13: 34-46.
25. Cohen J, Cristofaro P, Carlet J, Opal S: New method of classifying infections in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2001; 32: 1510-1526.
26. McCabe WR, Jackson GG: Gram negative bacteremia. II Clinical laboratory and therapeutic observations. Arch Intern Med 1962; 110: 856-864.
27. Dehus O, Hartung T, Hermann C: Endotoxin evaluation of eleven lipopolysaccharides by whole blood assay does not always correlate with Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. J Endotoxin Res 2006; 12: 171-180.
28. Devleeschouwer MJ, Cornil MF, Dony J: Studies on the sensitivity and specificity of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test and rabbit pyrogen assays. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 50: 1509-1511.
29. Hurley JC: Does gram negative bacteremia occur without endotoxemia? A meta-analysis using hierarchical summary ROC curves. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29: 207-215.
30. Hurley JC: Endotoxemia and gram-negative bacteremias predictors of outcome in sepsis; a call for data. J Endotox Res 2001; 7: 467.
31. Harris RJ, Bradburn MJ, Deeks JJ, Harbord RM, Altmamn DG, Sterne JAC: Metan: fixed and random effects-meta-analysis. Stata J 2008; 8: 3-28.
32. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG: Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003; 327: 557-560.
33. Mutapi F, Roddam A: p values for pathogens: statistical inference for infectious-disease data. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2: 219-230.
34. Dofferhoff ASM, Bom VJJ, de Vries-Hospers HG, et al: Patterns of cytokines, plasma endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and acute phase proteins during the treatment of severe sepsis in humans. Crit Care Med 1992; 20: 185-192.
35. Maury E, Barakett V, Blanchard H, Guitton C, Fitting C, Vassal T, Chauvin P, Bertrand Guidet B, Offenstadt G: Circulating endotoxin during initial antibiotic treatment of severe gram-negative bacteremic infections. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 270-273.
36. Strutz F, Heller G, Krasemann K, Krone B, Muller GA: Relationship of antibodies to endotoxin core to mortality in medical patients with sepsis syndrome. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25: 435-444.
37. Martinez LA, Quintiliani R, Tilton RC: Clinical experience on the detection of endotoxemia with the limulus test. J Infect Dis 1973; 127: 102-105.
38. Byl B, Clevenbergh P, Kentos A, Jacobs F, Marchant A, Vincent JL, Thys JP: Ceftazidime-and imipenem-induced endotoxin release during treatment of gram-negative infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20: 804-807.
39. Giamarellou-Bourboulis EJ, Perdios J, Lelekis M, Eoconomou E, Tsouroulas P, Giamarellou H: Impact of cefuroxime administration on endotoxin (LPS) and tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNFalpha) blood levels in patients suffering from acute pyelonephritis: a preliminary report. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1999; 11: 115-119.
40. Prins JM, van Agtmael MA, Kuijper EJ, van Deventer SJ, Speelman P: Antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in patients with gram-negative urosepsis: a double-blind study comparing imipenem and ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 886-891.
41. Hynninen M, Valtonen M, Vaara M, Markkanen H, Kuusela P, Saxen H, Takkunen O: Plasma endotoxin and cytokine levels in neutropenic and non-neutropenic bacteremic patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14: 1039-1045.
42. Engervall P, Granstrom M, Andersson B, Kalin M, Bjorkholm M: Endotoxemia in febrile patients with hematological malignancies. Relationship of type of bacteremia, clinical findings and serum cytokine pattern. Infection 1997; 25: 2-7.
43. Yoshida M, Obayashi T, Tamura H, Tanaka S, Kawai T, Sakamoto S, Miura Y: Diagnostic and prognostic significance of plasma endotoxin determination in febrile patients with haematological malignancies. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30A:145-147.
44. Shenep JL, Flynn PM, Barrett FF, Stidham GL, Westenkirchner DF: Serial quantitation of endotoxemia and bacteremia during therapy for gram-negative bacterial sepsis. J Infect Dis 1988; 157: 565-568.
45. Ahmed T, Azam MA, Armed N, Jamil KM, Hassan F, Ogura N, Tamura H, Yokochi T: Detection of endotoxin in sera from children hospitalized for treatment of diarrhea in Bangladesh. J Endotoxin Res 2004; 10: 223-228.
46. Brandtzaeg P, Hogasen K, Kierulf P, Mollnes TE: The excessive complement activation in fulminant meningococcal septicemia is predominantly caused by alternative pathway activation. J Infect Dis 1996; 173: 647-655.
47. Prins JM, Lauw FN, Derkx BH, Speelman P, Kuijper EJ, Dankert J, van Deventer SJ: Endotoxin release and cytokine production in acute and chronic meningococcaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 114: 215-219.
48. Gardlund B, Sjolin J, Nilsson A, Roll M, Wickerts CJ, Wretlind B: Plasma levels of cytokines in primary septic shock in humans: correlation with disease severity. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 296-301.
49. Adinolfi LE, Utili R, Gaeta GB, Perna P, Ruggiero G: Presence of endotoxemia and its relationship to liver dysfunction in patients with typhoid fever. Infection 1987; 15: 359-362.
50. Magliulo E, Scevola D, Fumarola D, Vaccaro R, Bertotto A, Burberi S: Clinical experience in detecting endotoxemia with the limulus test in typhoid fever and other Salmonella infections. Infection 1976; 4: 21-24.
51. Suyasa IG, Reka IG, Inada K, Suda H, Kojima M, Mushiaki K, Okamoto S, Yoshida M: Plasma endotoxin in typhoid fever. Kobe J Med Sci 1995; 41: 175-186.
52. Simpson AJ, Opal SM, Angus BJ, Prins JM, Palardy JE, Parejo NA, Chaowagul W, White NJ: Differential antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in severe melioidosis. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 1014-1019.
53. Hurley JC: Reappraisal with meta-analysis of bacteremia, endotoxemia and mortality in Gram negative sepsis. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1278-1282.
54. Hurley JC: The detection of endotoxemia with Gram negative bacteremia is bacterial species dependent: A meta-analysis of clinical studies. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47: 3826-3831.
55. Kim HM, Park BS, Kim J-I, et al: Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist eritoran. Cell 2007; 130: 906-917.
56. Klein DJ, Derzko A, Foster D, Seely AJ, Brunet F, Romaschin AD, Marshall JC: Daily variation in endotoxin levels is associated with increased organ failure in critically ill patients. Shock 2007; 28: 524-529.
57. Hurley JC: Antibiotic induced release of endotoxin: a reappraisal. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 840-854.
58. Øvstebø R, Brandtzaeg P, Brusletto B, Haug KB, Lande K, Høiby EA, Kierulf P: Use of robotized DNA isolation and real-time PCR to quantify and identify close correlation between levels of Neisseria meningitidis DNA and lipopolysaccharides in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with systemic meningococcal disease. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 2980-2987.
59. Kreger BE, Craven DE, Carling PC, McCabe WR: Gram-negative bacteremia. III. Reassessment of etiology, epidemiology and ecology in 612 patients. Am J Med 1980; 68: 332-343.
60. Peralta G, Roiz MP, Sanchez MB, Garrido JC, Ceballos B, Rodriguez-Lera MJ, Mateos F, De Benito I: Time-to-positivity in patients with Escherichia coli bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 1077-1082.
61. Liao CH, Lai CC, Hsu MS, et al: Correlation between time to positivity of blood cultures with clinical presentation and outcomes in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia: prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15: 1119-1125.
62. Young LS: Opsonizing antibodies, host factors, and the limulus assay for endotoxin. Infect Immun 1975; 12: 88-92.
63. Koch T, Duncker HP, Axt R, Schiefer GH, Van Ackern K, Neuhof H: Alterations of bacterial clearance induced by endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 3143-3148.
64. Cross AS, Opal SM, Sadoff JC, Gemski P: Choice of bacteria in animal models of sepsis. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 2741-2747.
65. Miller PJ, Wenzel RP: Etiologic organisms as independent predictors of death and morbidity associated with bloodstream infections. J Infect Dis 1987; 156: 471-477.
66. Hurley JC: Reappraisal of the role of endotoxin in the sepsis syndrome. Lancet 1993; 341: 1133-1135.