The Improbable Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to Human: The Missing Link in the Dynamics and Control of Chagas Disease

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 7, Issue 11, 2013, Pages

  Nouvellet, Pierre ^a,b,c   Dumonteil, Eric ^a,d   Gourbière, Sébastien ^b,e  

^a UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE YUCATÁN   (Mexico)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE PERPIGNAN   (France)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d TULANE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHAGAS DISEASE; HUMAN; INFECTION RATE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NONHUMAN; PARASITE CONTROL; PARASITE INCIDENCE; PARASITE PREVALENCE; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI; VECTOR CONTROL; ANIMAL; PATHOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION;

ANIMALS; CHAGAS DISEASE; HUMANS; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI;

EID: 84888218119     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002505     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. World Health O (2010) Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases, 2010.
2. Norman FF, de Ayala AP, Perez-Molina JA, Monge-Maillo B, Zamarron P, et al. (2010) Neglected Tropical Diseases outside the Tropics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e762.
3. Ross R (1910) The prevention of malaria. New York: E.P. Dutton & company. 774p.
4. Smith D, McKenzie FE, (2004) Statics and dynamics of malaria infection in Anopheles mosquitoes. Malar J 3: 13.
5. Dye C, Williams BG (1995) Nonlinearities in the Dynamics of Indirectly-Transmitted Infections (or, does having a Vector make a Difference?); Grenfell BT, Dobson AP, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6. Rascalou G, Pontier D, Menu F, Gourbière S, (2012) Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations. PLoS ONE 7: e36858.
7. Kimblin N, Peters N, Debrabant A, Secundino N, Egen J, et al. (2008) Quantification of the infectious dose of Leishmania major transmitted to the skin by single sand flies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: 10125-10130.
8. Peters NC, Egen JG, Secundino N, Debrabant A, Kimblin N, et al. (2008) In Vivo Imaging Reveals an Essential Role for Neutrophils in Leishmaniasis Transmitted by Sand Flies. Science 321: 970-974.
9. Ermert V, Fink AH, Jones AE, Morse AP, (2011) Development of a new version of the Liverpool Malaria Model. I. Refining the parameter settings and mathematical formulation of basic processes based on a literature review. Malar J 10: 35.
10. Goar SA (1970) Trypanosoma-rangeli of the stercoraria type in the process of adaptation to development of the salivaria type. Leningrad: Anon. Uspekhi Protozoologii (Progress in protozoology). 309-310 p.
11. Rabinovich JE, Wisniveskycolli C, Solarz ND, Gurtler RE, (1990) Probability of transmission of Chagas disease by Triatoma infestans (hemiptera, reduviidae) in an endemic area of Santiago-del-Estero, Argentina. Bull World Health Organ 68: 737-746.
12. Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Franco-Paredes C, Ault SK, Periago MR, (2008) The Neglected Tropical Diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review of Disease Burden and Distribution and a Roadmap for Control and Elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e300.
13. Prata A, (2005) Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease. Lancet Infect Dis 1: 92-100.
14. Gourbière S, Dorn P, Tripet F, Dumonteil E, (2012) Genetics and evolution of triatomines: from phylogeny to vector control. Heredity 108: 190-202.
15. Basombrío MA, Gorla DE, Catalá S, Segura EL, Mora MC, et al. (1996) Number of Vector Bites Determining the Infection of Guinea Pigs with Trypanosoma cruzi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 91: 421-424.
16. Rabinovich J, Schweigmann N, Yohai V, Wisnivesky-Colli C, (2001) Probability of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to the opossum Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 125-130.
17. Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, Anderson RM, (1999) Transmission dynamics and epidemiology of dengue: insights from age-stratified sero-prevalence surveys. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B-Biol Sci 354: 757-768.
18. Muench H (1959) Catalytic models in epidemiology. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
19. Feliciangeli MD, Campbell-Lendrum D, Martinez C, Gonzalez D, Coleman P, et al. (2003) Chagas disease control in Venezuela: lessons for the Andean region and beyond. Trends Parasitol 19: 44-9.
20. Edwards AWF (1984) Likelihood: Cambridge University Press.
21. Barbu C, Dumonteil E, Gourbière S, (2010) Characterization of the Dispersal of Non-Domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata through the Selection of Spatially Explicit Models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e777.
22. Abramowitz M, Stegun I (1972) Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs and Mathematical Tables (9th printing with corrections). New York: Wiley.
23. von Neumann J, editor(1951) Various Techniques used in Connection with Random Digits. 36-38 p.
24. Catalá S, Crocco LB, Morales GF, (1997) Trypanosoma cruzi transmission risk index (TcTRI): an entomological indicator of Chagas disease vectorial transmission to humans. Acta Trop 68: 285-295.
25. Gurtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Petersen RM, Chuit R, et al. (2005) Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among children following domestic reinfestation after insecticide spraying in rural North-western Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 95-103.
26. Gurtler RE, Chuit R, Cecere MC, Castanera MB, Cohen JE, et al. (1998) Household prevalence of seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi in three rural villages in northwest Argentina: environmental, demographic, and entomologic associations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 741-749.
27. Bosseno M-F, Garcia LS, Baunaure F, Gastelum EM, Gutierrez MS, et al. (2006) Identification in triatomine vectors of feeding sources and Trypanosoma cruzi variants by heteroduplex assay and a multiplex miniexon polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 303-305.
28. Brenière SF, Bosseno M-F, Magallón-Gastelúm E, Castillo Ruvalcaba EG, Gutierrez MS, et al. (2007) Peridomestic colonization of Triatoma longipennis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and Triatoma barberi (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in a rural community with active transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Jalisco state, Mexico. Acta Trop 101: 249-257.
29. Guzman-Tapia Y, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Escobedo-Ortegon J, Dumonteil E, (2005) Effect of hurricane Isidore on Triatoma dimidiata distribution and chagas disease transmission risk in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 1019-1025.
30. Quintal RE, Polanco GG, (1977) Feeding Preferences of Triatoma dimidiata maculipennis in Yucatan, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 26: 176-178.
31. Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Herrera-Aguilar M, Gourbière S, Dumonteil E, (2010) Patterns of house infestation dynamics by non-domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata reveal a spatial gradient of infestation in rural villages and potential insect manipulation by Trypanosoma cruzi. Trop Med Int Health 15: 77-86.
32. Gorla DE, (1988) Seasonal effects on control strategies of Chagas' disease vectors. Rev Argent Microbiol 20: 71-80.
33. Catala de Montenegro S. [Estimation of the frequency of host-vector contact in populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) under natural climatic conditions.]; 1987; La Falda, Cordoba, Argentina.
34. Borges-Pereira J, Sarquis O, Zauza PL, Britto C, Lima MM, (2008) Epidemiology of Chagas disease in four rural localities in Jaguaruana, State of Ceara. Seroprevalence of infection, parasitemia and clinical characteristics. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 41: 345-351.
35. Sarquis O, Borges-Pereira J, Mac Cord JR, Gomes TF, Cabello PH, et al. (2004) Epidemiology of chagas disease in Jaguaruana, ceara, Brazil. I. Presence of triatomines and index of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in four localities of a rural area. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 99: 263-270.
36. Coll-Cardenas R, Espinoza-Gomez F, Maldonado-Rodriguez A, Reyes-Lopez PA, Huerta-Viera M, et al. (2004) Active transmission of human Chagas disease in Colima Mexico. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 99: 363-368.
37. Espinoza-Gomez F, Maldonado-Rodriguez A, Coll-Cardenas R, Hernandez-Suarez CM, Fernandez-Salas I, (2002) Presence of triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and risk of transmission of Chagas disease in Colima, Mexico. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97: 25-30.
38. Levy MZ, Bowman NM, Kawai V, Waller LA, del Carpio JGC, et al. (2006) Periurban Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Triatoma infestans, Arequipa, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1345-1352.
39. Levy MZ, Kawai V, Bowman NM, Waller LA, Cabrera L, et al. (2007) Targeted Screening Strategies to Detect Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e103.
40. Becerril-Flores MA, Rangel-Flores E, Luis Imbert-Palafox J, Gomez-Gomez JV, Figueroa-Gutierrez AH, (2007) Human infection and risk of transmission of Chagas disease in Hidalgo state, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 318-323.
41. Zeledon T, Solano G, Burstin L, Swartzwelder JC, (1975) Epidemiological pattern of Chagas' disease in an endemic area of Costa Rica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 24: 214-225.
42. Feliciangeli MD, Carrasco H, Patterson JS, Suarez B, Martinez C, et al. (2004) Mixed domestic infestation by Rhodnius prolixus stal, 1859 and Panstrongylus geniculatus latreille, 1811, vector incrimination, and seroprevalence for Trypanosoma cruzi among inhabitants in el Guamito, Lara state, Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 501-505.
43. Rojas de Arias A, Monzón MI, Velázquez de Saldívar G, Guillén E, Arrua T N, (1984) Seroepidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas en localidades rurales de Paraguay/Chagas' disease seroepidemiology in rural villages of Paraguay. Bol Of Sanit Panam 96: 189-197.
44. Rojas ME, Várquez P, Villarreal MF, Velandia C, Vergara L, et al. (2008) Estudio seroepidemiológico y entomológico sobre la enfermedad de Chagas en un área infestada por Triatoma maculata (Erichson 1848) en el centro-occidente de Venezuela. Cad Saude Publica 24: 2323-2333.
45. Medrano-Mercado N, Ugarte-Fernandez R, Butron V, Uber-Busek S, Guerra HL, et al. (2008) Urban transmission of Chagas disease in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 423-430.
46. Guzman-Tapia Y, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Dumonteil E, (2007) Urban infestation by Triatoma dimidiata in the city of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7: 597-606.
47. Keiser J, Singer BH, Utzinger J, (2005) Reducing the burden of malaria in different eco-epidemiological settings with environmental management: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 5: 695-708.
48. Yang TC, Lu L, Fu GM, Zhong S, Ding GQ, et al. (2009) Epidemiology and vector efficiency during a dengue fever outbreak in Cixi, Zhejiang Province, China. J Vector Ecol 34: 148-154.
49. Hartemink N, Vanwambeke SO, Heesterbeek H, Rogers D, Morley D, et al. (2011) Integrated Mapping of Establishment Risk for Emerging Vector-Borne Infections: A Case Study of Canine Leishmaniasis in Southwest France. PLoS ONE 6: e20817.
50. Stevens JR, Gibson W, (1999) The Molecular Evolution of Trypanosomes. Parasitol Today 15: 432-437.
51. Aufderheide AC, Salo W, Madden M, Streitz J, Buikstra J, et al. (2004) A 9,000-year record of Chagas' disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 2034-2039.
52. Keesing F, Holt RD, Ostfeld RS, (2006) Effects of species diversity on disease risk. Ecol Lett 9: 485-498.
53. Cohen JE, Gurtler RE, (2001) Modeling household transmission of American trypanosomiasis. Science 293: 694-698.
54. Rabinovich JE, Himschoot P, (1990) A population-dynamics simulation-model of the main vectors of chagas-disease transmission, Rhodnius-prolixus and Triatoma-infestans. Ecol Model 52: 249-266.
55. Gourbière S, Dumonteil E, Rabinovich JE, Minkoue R, Menu F, (2008) Demographic and dispersal constraints for domestic Infestation by non-domicilated Chagas disease vectors in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 133-139.
56. Toulza E, Blanc-Mathieu R, Gourbière S, Piganeau G, (2012) Environmental And Evolutionary Genomics Of Microbial Algae: Power And Challenges Of Metagenomics. In 'Genomic Insights Into the Biology of Algae' (ed. Piganeau G.). Advances in Botanical Research 64: 383-427.
57. Gómez-Díaz E, Figuerola J, (2010) New perspectives in tracing vector-borne interaction networks. Trends Parasitol 26: 470-476.
58. Stapp P, Salkeld DJ, (2009) Inferring host-parasite relationships using stable isotopes: implications for disease transmission and host specificity. Ecology 90: 3268-3273.
59. Guhl F, Vallejo GA, (2003) Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920- An updated review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 435-442.
60. Haag J, O'HUigin C, Overath P, (1998) The molecular phylogeny of trypanosomes: evidence for an early divergence of the Salivaria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 91: 37-49.
61. Bates PA, (2007) Transmission of Leishmania metacyclic promastigotes by phlebotomine sand flies. Int J Parasitol 37: 1097-1106.
62. Pigliucci M, (2008) Is evolvability evolvable? Nat Rev Genet 9: 75-82.
63. Stevens J, Rambaut A, (2001) Evolutionary rate differences in trypanosomes. Infect Genet Evol 1: 143-150.
64. Gaunt MW, Yeo M, Frame IA, Stothard JR, Carrasco HJ, et al. (2003) Mechanism of genetic exchange in American trypanosomes. Nature 421: 936-939.
65. Akopyants NS, Kimblin N, Secundino N, Patrick R, Peters N, et al. (2009) Demonstration of Genetic Exchange During Cyclical Development of Leishmania in the Sand Fly Vector. Science 324: 265-268.
66. Gibson W, Peacock L, Ferris V, Williams K, Bailey M, (2008) The use of yellow fluorescent hybrids to indicate mating in Trypanosoma brucei. Parasit Vectors 1: 4.
67. Morrison LJ, Tweedie A, Black A, Pinchbeck GL, Christley RM, et al. (2009) Discovery of Mating in the Major African Livestock Pathogen Trypanosoma congolense. PLoS ONE 4: e5564.
68. Noireau F, Diosque P, Jansen AM, (2009) Trypanosoma cruzi: adaptation to its vectors and its hosts. Vet Res 40: 26.
69. Ramirez LE, Lages-Silva E, Alvarenga-Franco F, Matos A, Vargas N, et al. (2002) High prevalence of Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi in opossums and triatomids in a formerly-endemic area of Chagas disease in Southeast Brazil. Acta Trop 84: 189-198.
70. Schofield C, (2000) Trypanosoma cruzi- the vector-parasite paradox. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 95: 535-44.
71. Gourbière S, Menu F, (2009) Adaptive dynamics of dormancy duration variability: evolutionary trade-off and priority effect lead to sub-optimal adaptation. Evolution 63 (7): 1879-1892.
72. Pelosse P, Kribs-Zaleta CM, Ginoux M, Rabinovich JE, Gourbière S, Menu F, (2013) Influence of Vectors' Risk-Spreading Strategies and Environmental Stochasticity on the Epidemiology and Evolution of Vector-Borne Diseases: The Example of Chagas' Disease. PLoS ONE 8 (8): e70830.
73. Heffernan JM, Smith RJ, Wahl LM, (2005) Perspectives on the basic reproductive ratio. J Royal Soc Interface 2: 281-293.
74. Sarkar S, Strutz SE, Frank DM, Rivaldi CL, Sissel B, et al. (2010) Chagas Disease Risk in Texas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e836.
75. Dumonteil E, Gourbière S, (2004) Predicting Triatoma dimidiata abundance and infection rate: A risk map for natural transmission of chagas disease in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 514-519.
76. Dumonteil E, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Ferral J, Euan-Garcia M, Chavez-Nunez L, (2009) Usefulness of Community Participation for the Fine Temporal Monitoring of House Infestation by Non-Domiciliated Triatomines. J Parasitol 95: 469-471.
77. Barbu C, Dumonteil E, Gourbière S, (2011) Evaluation of Spatially Targeted Strategies to Control Non-Domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata Vector of Chagas Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1045.
78. Barbu C, Dumonteil E, Gourbière S, (2009) Optimization of Control Strategies for Non-Domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata, Chagas Disease Vector in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e416.
79. Aiga H, Sasagawa E, Hashimoto K, Nakamura J, Zúniga C, et al. (2012) Chagas Disease: Assessing the Existence of a Threshold for Bug Infestation Rate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 972-979.
80. Reithinger R, Tarleton RL, Urbina JA, Kitron U, Guertler RE, (2009) Eliminating Chagas disease: challenges and a roadmap. Br Med J 338: b1283.
81. Lardeux F, Depickère S, Duchon S, Chavez T, (2010) Insecticide resistance of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) vector of Chagas disease in Bolivia. Trop Med Int Health 15: 1037-1048.
82. Guhl F, Pinto N, Aguilera G, (2009) Sylvatic triatominae: a new challenge in vector control transmission. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 71-75.
83. Nouvellet P, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Dumonteil E, Gourbiere S, (2011) Effects of genetic factors and infection status on wing morphology of Triatoma dimidiata species complex in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. Infect Genet Evol 11: 1243-1249.
84. Pacheco-Tucuch FS, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Gourbière S, Dumonteil E, (2012) Public street lights increase house infestation by the Chagas disease vector Triatoma dimidiata. PLoS ONE 7 (4): e36207.
85. Dumonteil E, Nouvellet P, Rosecrans K, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Gamboa-León R, et al. (2013) Eco-bio-social determinants for house infestation by non-domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis in press.
86. Moncayo A, (2003) Chagas disease: Current epidemiological trends after the interruption of vectorial and transfusional transmission in the southern cone countries. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 577-591.