Epidemiology of concussion in sport: A literature review

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 230-251

  Clay, Michael B ^a   Glover, Kari L ^b   Lowe, Duane T ^c  

^a Camp Lejeune Naval Hospital   (United States)

^b Bodies in Balance Physical Therapy   (United States)

^c MADIGAN ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Concussion; Epidemiology; Incidence; Sport; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

EID: 84888135776     PISSN: 15563707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2012.11.005     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Gilchrist J., Thomas K.E., Xu L., McGuire L.C., Coronado V.G. Nonfatal sports and recreation related traumatic brain injuries among children and adolescents treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001-2009. MMWR 2011, 60(39):1337-1342.
2. Slobounov S., Gay M., Johnson B., Zhang K. Concussion in athletics: ongoing clinical and brain imaging research controversies. Brain Imaging Behav 2012, 6(2):224-243.
3. Iverson G.L., Echemendia R.J., Lamarre A.K., Brooks B.L., Gaetz M.B. Possible lingering effects of multiple past concussions. Rehabil Res Pract. 2012, 2012:316575. [Epub 2012 Feb 26].
4. Tremblay S., De Beaumont L., Henry L.C., et al. Sports concussions and aging: a neuroimaging investigation. Cereb Cortex 2013 May, 23(5):1159-1166.
5. Stern R.A., Riley D.O., Daneshvar D.H., Nowinski C.J., Cantu R.C., McKee A.C. Long-term consequences of repetitive brain trauma: chronic traumatic encephalopathy. PM R 2011, 3(10 Suppl 2):S460-S467.
6. New law on concussions takes effect in Kentucky [Internet]. WKRC Cincinnati [cited 2012 Jun 23] Article from:. http://www.local12.com/news/local/story/New-Law-on-Concussions-Takes-Effect-in-Kentucky/I2ZCdZ2kJkaazW9J9cYqMA.cspx.
7. ESPN. NFL NATION BLOG: NFL bracing for concussion lawsuit [Internet]. Brandt, A. [cited 2012 Jun 19]. Article from:. http://espn.go.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/59485/nfl-bracing-for-concussion-litigation.
8. Maroon J.C., Lovell M.R., Norwig J., Podell K., Powell J.W., Hartl R. Cerebral concussion in athletes: evaluation and neuropsychological testing. Neurosurgery 2000, 47(3):659-669. discussion 669-72.
9. McCrory P., Meeuwisse W., Johnston K., et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 3rd International Conference on concussion in sport, held in Zurich, November 2008. J Clin Neurosci 2009, 16(6):755-763.
10. Stroup D.F., Berlin J.A., Morton S.C., et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000, 283(15):2008-2012.
11. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):264-9, W64.
12. Rechel J.A., Yard E.E., Comstock R.D. An epidemiologic comparison of high school sports injuries sustained in practice and competition. J Athl Train 2008, 43(2):197-204.
13. Cantu R.C., Mueller F.O. The prevention of catastrophic head and spine injuries in high school and college sports. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(13):981-986.
14. Booher M.A., Wisniewski J., Smith B.W., Sigurdsson A. Comparison of reporting systems to determine concussion incidence in NCAA Division I collegiate football. Clin J Sport Med 2003, 13(2):93-95.
15. Meerhoff S.R., de Kruijk J.R., Rutten J., Leffers P., Twijnstra A. Incidence of traumatic head or brain injuries in catchment area of Academic Hospital Maastricht in 1997. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2000, 144(40):1915-1918. [Dutch].
16. Dick R.W. Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes?. Br J Sports Med. 2009, 43(Suppl. 1):i46-i50.
17. Echemendia R.J., Julian L.J. Mild traumatic brain injury in sports: neuropsychology's contribution to a developing field. Neuropsychol Rev 2001, 11(2):69-88.
18. Laker S.R. Epidemiology of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury. PM R 2011, 3(10 Suppl 2):S354-S358.
19. Bazarian J.J., McClung J., Shah M.N., Cheng Y.T., Flesher W., Kraus J. Mild traumatic brain injury in the United States, 1998-2000. Brain Inj 2005, 19(2):85-91.
20. Grindel S.H. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of minor traumatic brain injury. Curr Sports Med Rep 2003, 2(1):18-23.
21. Benson B.W., Rose M.S., Meeuwisse W.H. The impact of face shield use on concussions in ice hockey: a multivariate analysis. Br J Sports Med 2002, 36(1):27-32.
22. Tait R.J., Anstey K.J., Butterworth P. Incidence of self-reported brain injury and the relationship with substance abuse: findings from a longitudinal community survey. BMC Public Health. 2010, 10:171.
23. Daneshvar D.H., Nowinski C.J., McKee A.C., Cantu R.C. The epidemiology of sport-related concussion. Clin Sports Med 2011, 30(1):1-17.
24. Yang J., Phillips G., Xiang H., Allareddy V., Heiden E., Peek-Asa C. Hospitalisations for sport-related concussions in US children aged 5 to 18 years during 2000-2004. Br J Sports Med 2008, 42(8):664-669.
25. Schatz P., Moser R.S. Current issues in pediatric sports concussion. Clin Neuropsychol 2011, 25(6):1042-1057.
26. McCrea M., Guskiewicz K.M., Marshall S.W., et al. Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA 2003, 290(19):2556-2563.
27. Kimbler D.E., Murphy M., Dhandapani K.M. Concussion and the adolescent athlete. J Neurosci Nurs 2011, 43(6):286-290.
28. Guskiewicz K.M., Weaver N.L., Padua D.A., Garrett W.E. Epidemiology of concussion in collegiate and high school football players. Am J Sports Med 2000, 28(5):643-650.
29. Langburt W., Cohen B., Akhthar N., O'Neill K., Lee J.C. Incidence of concussion in high school football players of Ohio and Pennsylvania. J Child Neurol 2001, 16(2):83-85.
30. Delaney J.S., Lacroix V.J., Leclerc S., Johnston K.M. Concussions among university football and soccer players. Clin J Sport Med 2002, 12(6):331-338.
31. Guskiewicz K.M., McCrea M., Marshall S.W., et al. Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA 2003, 290(19):2549-2555.
32. Pellman E.J., Powell J.W., Viano D.C., et al. Concussion in professional football: epidemiological features of game injuries and review of the literature-part 3. Neurosurgery 2004, 54(1):81-94. discussion 94-6.
33. Pellman E.J., Viano D.C., Casson I.R., Arfken C., Powell J. Concussion in professional football: injuries involving 7 or more days out-part 5. Neurosurgery 2004, 55(5):1100-1119.
34. Wisniewski J.F., Guskiewicz K., Trope M., Sigurdsson A. Incidence of cerebral concussions associated with type of mouthguard used in college football. Dent Traumatol 2004, 20(3):143-149.
35. Collins M., Lovell M.R., Iverson G.L., Ide T., Maroon J. Examining concussion rates and return to play in high school football players wearing newer helmet technology: a three-year prospective cohort study. Neurosurgery 2006, 58(2):275-286. discussion 275-86.
36. Shankar P.R., Fields S.K., Collins C.L., Dick R.W., Comstock R.D. Epidemiology of high school and collegiate football injuries in the United States, 2005-2006. Am J Sports Med 2007, 35(8):1295-1303.
37. Yard E.E., Comstock R.D. Effects of field location, time in competition, and phase of play on injury severity in high school football. Res Sports Med 2009, 17(1):35-49.
38. Crisco J.J., Fiore R., Beckwith J.G., et al. Frequency and location of head impact exposures in individual collegiate football players. J Athl Train 2010, 45(6):549-559.
39. Mansell J.L., Tierney R.T., Higgins M., McDevitt J., Toone N., Glutting J. Concussive signs and symptoms following head impacts in collegiate athletes. Brain Inj 2010, 24(9):1070-1074.
40. Benson B.W., Mohtadi N.G., Rose M.S., Meeuwisse W.H. Head and neck injuries among icehockey players wearing full face shields vs half face shields. JAMA 1999, 282(24):2328-2332.
41. Dick R., Hootman J.M., Agel J., Vela L., Marshall S.W., Messina R. Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's field hockey injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2002-2003. J Athl Train 2007, 42(2):211-220.
42. Cusimano M.D., Chipman M.L., Volpe R., Donnelly P. Canadian Minor Hockey Participants' Knowledge about Concussion. Can J Neurol Sci 2009, 36:315-320.
43. Agel J., Harvey E.J. A 7-year review of men's and women's ice hockey injuries in the NCAA. Can J Surg 2010, 53(5):319-323.
44. Echlin P.S., Tator C.H., Cusimano M.D., et al. A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates. Neurosurg Focus. 2010 Nov;29(5):E4. Erratum in. Neurosurg Focus 2010, 29(5).
45. Cusimano M.D., Taback N.A., McFaull S.R., et al. Effect of bodychecking on rate of injuries among minor hockey players. Open Med 2011, 5(1):e57-e64.
46. Brainard L.L., Beckwith J.G., Chu J.J., et al. Gender differences in head impacts sustained by collegiate ice hockey players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012, 44(2):297-304.
47. Shawdon A., Brukner P. Injury profile of amateur Australian rules footballers. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1994, 26(3-4):59-61.
48. Collins C.L., Micheli L.J., Yard E.E., Comstock R.D. Injuries sustained by high school rugby players in the United States, 2005-2006. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008, 162(1):49-54.
49. Kemp S.P., Hudson Z., Brooks J.H., Fuller C.W. The epidemiology of head injuries in English professional rugby union. Clin J Sport Med 2008, 18(3):227-234.
50. Shuttleworth-Edwards A.B., Noakes T.D., Radloff S.E., et al. The comparative incidence of reported concussions presenting for follow-up management in South African Rugby Union. Clin J Sport Med 2008, 18(5):403-409.
51. Hollis S.J., Stevenson M.R., McIntosh A.S., Shores E.A., Collins M.W., Taylor C.B. Incidence, risk, and protective factors of mild traumatic brain injury in a cohort of Australian nonprofessional male rugby players. Am J Sports Med 2009, 37(12):2328-2333.
52. Haseler C.M., Carmont M.R., England M. The epidemiology of injuries in English youth community rugby union. Br J Sports Med 2010, 44(15):1093-1099.
53. Hollis S.J., Stevenson M.R., McIntosh A.S., et al. Mild traumatic brain injury among a cohort of rugby union players: predictors of time to injury. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45(12):997-999.
54. Dick R., Romani W.A., Agel J., Case J.G., Marshall S.W. Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate men's lacrosse injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004. J Athl Train 2007, 42(2):255-261.
55. Dick R., Lincoln A.E., Agel J., Carter E.A., Marshall S.W., Hinton R.Y. Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's lacrosse injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004. J Athl Train 2007, 42(2):262-269.
56. Lincoln A.E., Hinton R.Y., Almquist J.L., Lager S.L., Dick R.W. Head, face, and eye injuries in scholastic and collegiate lacrosse: a 4-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med 2007, 35(2):207-215.
57. Matser E.J., Kessels A.G., Lezak M.D., Jordan B.D., Troost J. Neuropsychological impairment in amateur soccer players. JAMA 1999, 282(10):971-973.
58. Yard E.E., Schroeder M.J., Fields S.K., Collins C.L., Comstock R.D. The epidemiology of United States high school soccer injuries, 2005-2007. Am J Sports Med 2008, 36(10):1930-1937.
59. Powell J.W., Barber-Foss K.D. Traumatic brain injury in high school athletes. JAMA 1999, 282(10):958-963.
60. Schulz M.R., Marshall S.W., Mueller F.O., et al. Incidence and risk factors for concussion in high school athletes, NorthCarolina, 1996-1999. Am J Epidemiol 2004, 160(10):937-944.
61. LaBotz M., Martin M.R., Kimura I.F., Hetzler R.K., Nichols A.W. A comparison of a preparticipation evaluation history form and a symptom-based concussion survey in the identification of previous head injury in collegiate athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2005, 15(2):73-78.
62. Dick R., Agel J., Marshall S.W. National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System commentaries: introduction and methods. J Athl Train 2007, 44(2):173-182.
63. Gessel L.M., Fields S.K., Collins C.L., Dick R.W., Comstock R.D. Concussions among United States high school and collegiate athletes. J Athl Train 2007, 42(4):495-503.
64. Hootman J.M., Dick R., Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train 2007, 42(2):311-319.
65. Swenson D.M., Yard E.E., Fields S.K., Comstock R.D. Patterns of recurrent injuries among US high school athletes, 2005-2008. Am J Sports Med 2009, 37(8):1586-1593.
66. Meehan W.P., d'Hemecourt P., Comstock R.D. High school concussions in the 2008-2009 academic year: mechanism, symptoms, and management. Am J Sports Med 2010, 38(12):2405-2409.
67. Castile L., Collins C.L., McIlvain N.M., Comstock R.D. The epidemiology of new versus recurrent sports concussions among high school athletes, 2005-2010. Br J Sports Med 2012, 46(8):603-610.
68. Lincoln A.E., Caswell S.V., Almquist J.L., Dunn R.E., Norris J.B., Hinton R.Y. Trends in concussion incidence in high school sports: a prospective 11-year study. Am J Sports Med 2011, 39(5):958-963.
69. Marar M., McIlvain N.M., Fields S.K., Comstock R.D. Epidemiology of concussions among United States high school athletes in 20 sports. Am J Sports Med 2012, 40(4):747-755.
70. Daneshvar DH, Nowinski CJ, McKee AC, Cantu RC. The epidemiology of sport-related concussion. Clin Sports Med. 2011;30(1):1-17, vii.
71. Frommer L.J., Gurka K.K., Cross K.M., Ingersoll C.D., Comstock R.D., Saliba S.A. Sex differences in concussion symptoms of high school athletes. J Athl Train 2011, 46(1):76-84.
72. Niedfeldt M.W. Head injuries, heading, and the use of headgear in soccer. Curr Sports Med Rep 2011, 10(6):324-329.