Sleep disturbances in restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements (PLM)

Clinical pharmacology of sleep

Volumn 9783764374402, Issue , 2006, Pages 61-79

  Zucconi, Marco ^a   Manconi, Mauro ^a  

^a VITA SALUTE SAN RAFFAELE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84888131412     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7440-3_5     Document Type: Chapter

References (93)

1. Blom S, Ekbom KA (1961) Comparison between akathisia developing on treatment with phenothiazine derivatives and the restless legs syndrome. Acta Med Scand 170:689-694
2. Walters AS (1995) Toward a better definition of restless legs syndrome. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Mov Disord 10:634-642
3. Allen R, Picchietti D, Hening W, Trenkwalder C, Walters A, Montplaisir J (2003) Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institute of Health. Sleep Med 2:101-119
4. Lavigne GJ, Montplaisir J (1994). Restless legs syndrome and sleep bruxism: prevalence and association among Canadians. Sleep 17:739-743
5. Phillips B, Young T, Finn L (2000). Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in adults. Arch Intern Med 160:2137-2141
6. Rothdach AJ, Trenkwalder C, Haberstock J, Keil U, Berger K (2000) Prevalence and risk factors of RLS in an elderly population. The MEMO study. Neurology 54:1064-1068
7. Zucconi M, Ferini-Strambi L (2004) Epidemiologic and clinical findings of restless legs syndrome Sleep Medicine 5:293-299
8. Kageyama T, Kabuto M, Nitta H (2000) Prevalence of periodic limb movement-like and restless legs-like symptoms among Japanese adults. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 54:296-298
9. Tan EK, Koh KK, See SJ (2001). Restless legs syndrome in an Asian population: a study in Singapore. Mov Disord 16:577-579
10. Berger K, Luedemann J, Trenkwalder C, John U, Kessler C (2004). Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. Arch Intern Med 164:196-202
11. Nichols D, Allen R, Grauke J, Brown J, Rice M, Hyde P, Dement W, Kushida C (2003) Restless Legs Syndrome in primary care. A prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 163:2323-2329
12. Sevim S, Dogu O, Camdeviren H, Bugdayci R, Sasmaz T, Kaleagasi H, Haral M, Helvaci I (2003) Unexpectedly low prevalence and unusual characteristics of RLS in Mersin, Turkey. Neurology 61:1562-1569
13. Michaud M, Lavigne G, Desautels A, Poirier G, Montplaisir J (2002). Effects of immobility on sensory and motor symptoms of restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 17:112-115
14. Trenkwalder C, Hening WA, Walters AS (1999) Circadian rhythm of periodic limb movements and sensory symptoms of restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 14:102-110
15. Michaud M, Dumont M, Selamoui B, Paquet J, Fantini ML, Montplaisir J (2004). Circadian Rhythm of Restless Legs Syndrome: Relationship with Biological Markers. Ann Neurol 55:372-380
16. Walters AS, Hickey K, Maltzman J, Verrico T, Joseph D, Hening W, Wilson V, Chokroverty S (1996) A questionnaire study of 138 patients with restless legs syndrome: the nightwalkers survey. Neurology 46:92-95
17. Winkelmann J, Wetter TC, Collado-Seidel V, Gasser T, Dichgans M, Yassouridis A, Trenkwalder C (2000) Clinical characteristics and frequency of the hereditary restless legs syndrome in a population of 300 patients. Sleep 23:597-602
18. Allen RP, Labuda MC, Becker PM, Earley CJ (2002) Family history study of the restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 3:S3-S7
19. Winkelmann J, Muller-Myhsok B, Wittchen HU, Hock B, Prager M, Pfister H, Strohle A, Eisensehr I, Dichgans M, Gasser T, Trenkwalder C (2002) Complex segregation analysis of restless legs syndrome provides evidence for an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance in early age at onset families. Ann Neurol 52:297-302
20. Desautels A, Turecki G, Montplaisir J, Sequeira A, Verner A, Rouleau GA (2001). Identification of a major susceptibility locus for restless legs syndrome on chromosome 12q. Am J Hum Genet 69:1266-1270
21. Bonati M, Ferini-Strambi L, Aridon P, Oldani A, Zucconi M, Casari G (2003) Autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome maps on chromosome 14q. Brain 26:1485-1492
22. Chen S, Ondo WG, Rao S, Li L, Chen Q, Wang Q (2004) Gene wide linkage scan identifies a novel susceptibility locus for restless legs syndromeon hromosome 9p. Am J Hum Genet 74:876-885
23. Hening W (2004) The clinical neurophysiology of the restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements. Part I: diagnosis, assessment, and characterization. Clinical Neurophysiology 115:1965-1974
24. Benes H, Kurella B, Kummer J, Kazenwadel J, Selzer R, Kohnen R (1999). Rapid onset of action of levodopa in restless legs syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, crossover trial. Sleep 22:1073-1081
25. Trenkwalder C, Stiasny K, Pollmacher T, Wetter T, Schwarz J, Kohnen R, Kazenwadel J, Kruger HP, Ramm S, Kunzel M et al. (1995). L-dopa therapy of uremic and idiopathic restless legs syndrome: a double-blind, crossover trial. Sleep 18:681-688
26. Walters AS, Hening WA, Kavey N, Chokroverty S, Gidro-Frank S (1988). A double-blind randomised crossover trial of bromocriptine and placebo in restless legs syndrome. Ann Neurol 24:455-458
27. Earley CJ, Yaffee JB, Allen RP (1998) Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of pergolide in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 51:1599-1602
28. Staedt J, Hunerjager H, Ruther E, Stoppe G (1998) Pergolide: treatment of choice in restless legs syndrome (RLS) and nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS). Long term follow up on pergolide. J Neural Transm 105:265-268
29. Wetter TC, Stiasny K, Winkelmann J, Buhlinger A, Brandeburg U, Penzel T, Medori R, Rubin M, Oertel WH, Trenkwalder C (1999). A randomized controlled study of pergolide in patients with restless legs syndrome. Neurology 52:944-950
30. Montplaisir J, Nicolas A, Denesle R, Gomez-Mancilla B (1999). Restless legs syndrome improved by pramipexole: a double-blind randomised trial. Neurology 52:938-943
31. Montplaisir J, Boucher S, Poirier G, Lavigne G, Lapierre O, Lesperance P (1997). Clinical, polysomnographic, and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: a study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria. Mov Disord 12:61-65
32. Montplaisir J, Boucher S, Nicolas A, Lesperance P, Gosselin A, Rompre P, Lavigne G (1998) Immobilization tests and periodic leg movements in sleep for the diagnosis of restless leg syndrome. Mov Disord 13:324-329
33. Nicolas A, Michaud M, Lavigne G, Montplaisir J (1999). The influence of sex, age and sleep/wake state on characteristics of periodic leg movements in restless legs syndrome patients. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1168-1174
34. Walters AS, Picchietti D, Hening W, Lazzarini A (1990). Variable expressivity in familial restless legs syndrome. Arch Neurol 47:1219-1220
35. Walters AS, Picchietti DL, Ehrenberg BL, Wagner ML (1994) Restless legs syndrome in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Neurol 11:241-245
36. Allen RP, Earley CJ (2000) Defining the phenotype of the restless leg syndrome (RLS) using age-of-symptom-onset. Sleep Med 1:11-19
37. Allen RP, Earley CJ (2001). Restless legs syndrome: a review of clinical and pathophysiologic features. J Clin Neurophysiol 18:128-147
38. Ondo W, Jankovic J (1996). Restless legs syndrome: clinicoetiologic correlates. Neurology 47:1435-1441
39. Sun ER, Chen CA, Ho G, Early C, Allen RP (1998). Iron and the restless legs syndrome. Sleep 21:371-377
40. Rutkove SB, Matheson JK, Logigian EL (1996). Restless legs syndrome in patients with polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 19:670-672
41. Iannaccone S, Zucconi M, Marchettini P, Ferini-Strambi L, Nemni R, Quattrini A, Palazzi S, Lacerenza F, Formaglio F, Smirne S (1995) Evidence of peripheral neuropathy in primary restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 10:2-9
42. Polydefkis M, Allen RP, Hauer P, Earley C, Griffin JW, McArthur JC (2000). Subclinical sensory neuropathy in late-onset restless legs syndrome. Neurology 55:1115-1121
43. Ondo W, Tan EK, Mansoor J (2000) Rheumatologic serologies in secondary restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 15:321-323
44. Banno K, Delaive K, Walld R, Kryger M (2000). Restless legs syndrome in 218 patients: associated disorders. Sleep Med 1:221-229
45. Winkelman JW, Chertow GM, Lazarus JM (1996). Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 28:372-378
46. Benz RL, Pressman MR, Hovick ET, Peterson DD (2000) Potential novel predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients with sleepy disorders. Am J Kidney Dis 35:1052-1060
47. Ondo WG, Dat Vuong K, Jankovic J (2002) Exploring the relationship between Parkinson Disease and Restless legs syndrome. Arch Neurol 59:421-424
48. Tan EK, Lum SY, Wong MC (2002) Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 196:33-36
49. de Mello M, Lauro F, Silva A, Tufik S (1996) Incidence of periodic leg movements and the restless legs syndrome during sleep following acute physical activity in the spinal cord injury subjects. Spinal Cord 34:294-296
50. Ferini-Strambi L, Filippi M, Martinelli V, Oldani A, Rovaris M, Zucconi M, Comi G, Smirne S (1994) Nocturnal sleep study in multiple sclerosis: correlations with clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Neurol Sci 125:194-197
51. Earley CJ, Connor JR, Beard JL (2000). Abnormalities in CSF concentrations of ferritin and transferrin in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 54:1698-1700
52. Allen RP, Barker PB, Wehr F, Song HK, Earley CJ (2001) MRI measurement of brain iron in patients with restless legs syndrome. Neurology 56:263-265
53. Manconi M, Govoni V, De Vito A, Economou NT, Cesnik E, Casetta I, Mollica G, Ferini-Strambi L, Granieri E (2004) Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy. Neurology 63:1065-1069
54. Quatrale R, Manconi M, Gastaldo E, Eleopra R, Tugnoli V, Tola MR, Granirei E (2003) Neurophysiological study of corticomotor pathways in restless legs syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 114:1638-1645
55. Briellmann RS, Rosler KM, Hess CW (1996). Blink reflex excitability is abnormal in patients with periodic leg movements in sleep. Mov Disord 11:710-714
56. Bara-Jimenez W, Aksu M, Graham B, Sato S, Hallett M (2000) Periodic limb movements in sleep: state-dependent excitability of the spinal flexor reflex. Neurology 54:1609-1616
57. Schattschneider J, Bode A, Wasner G, Binder A, Deuschl G, Baron R (2004) Idiopathic restless legs syndrome: abnormalities in central brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome. somatosensory processing. J Neurol 25:977-982
58. Connor JR, Boyer PJ, Menzies SL, Dellinger B, Allen RP, Ondo WG, Earley CJ (2003) Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 61:304-309
59. Ondo WG, He Y, Rajasekaran S, Le WD (2000) Clinical correlates of6-hydroxydopamine injections into A11 dopaminergic neurons in rats: a possible model for restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 15:154-158
60. Labrie F, Ferland L, Veilleux R, Euvrard C, Boissier J (1979) Influence of estrogens on tuberoinfundibular and striatal dopaminergic systems in the rat. Acta Psychiatr Belg 79:623-637
61. Euvrard C, Oberlander C, Boissier JR (1980) Antidopaminergic effect of estrogens at the striatal level. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 214:179-185
62. Wetter T, Eisensehr I, Trenkwalder C (2004) Functional neuroimaging studies in restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 5:401-406
63. Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association (1993). Recording and scoring leg movements. Sleep 16:748-759
64. Hening WA, Allen R, Walters AS, Chokroverty S (1999) Motor functions and dysfunctions of sleep. In: Chokroverty S (ed): Sleep disorders medicine, 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 441-507
65. Michaud M, Poirier G, Lavigne G, Montplaisir J (2001). Restless legs syndrome: scoring criteria for leg movements recorded during the suggested immobilization test. Sleep Med 2:317-321
66. Chabli A, Michaud M, Montplaisir J (2000) Periodic arm movements in patients with the restless legs syndrome. Eur Neurol 44:133-138
67. Symonds CP (1953). Nocturnal myoclonus. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 16:166-171
68. Lugaresi E, Tassinari CA, Coccagna G, Ambrosetto C (1965) Particularities cliniques et polygraphiques du syndrome d'impatience des membres inferieurs. Rev Neurol (Paris) 113:545-555
69. Lugaresi E, Cirignotta F, Coccagna G, Montagna P (1986) Nocturnal myoclonus and restless legs syndrome. Adv Neurol 43:295-307
70. Ancoli-Israel S, Kripke DF, Mason W, Kaplan OJ (1985) Sleep apnea and periodic movements in an aging sample. J Gerontol 40:419-425
71. Mosko SS, Dickel MJ, Paul T, La Tour T, Dhillon S, Ghanim A, Sassin JF (1988) Sleep apnea and sleep-related periodic leg movements in community resident seniors. J Am Geriatr Soc 36:502-508
72. Lapierre O, Montplaisir J (1992) Polysomnographic features of REM sleep behavior disorder: development of a scoring method (see comments). Neurology 42:1371-1374
73. Boivin DB, Montplaisir J, Poirier G (1989) The effects of L-dopa on periodic leg movements and sleep organization in narcolepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol 12:339-345
74. Wetter TC, Collado-Seidel V, Pollmächer T, Yassouridis A, Trenkwalder C (2000) Sleep and periodic leg movement patterns in drug-free patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Sleep 23:361-367
75. Mendelson WB (1996). Are periodic leg movements associated with clinical sleep disturbance? Sleep 19:219-223
76. Montplaisir J, Michaud M, Denesle R, Gosselin A (2000). Periodic leg movements are not more prevalent in insomnia or hypersomnia but are specifically associated with sleep disorders involving a dopaminergic impairment. Sleep Med 1:163-167
77. Nicolas A, Lespérance P, Montplaisir J (1998) Is excessive daytime sleepiness with periodic leg movements during sleep a specific diagnostic category? Eur Neurol 40:22-26
78. Parrino L, Boselli M, Buccino GP, Spaggiari MC, Di Giovanni G, Terzano MG (1996) The cyclic alternating pattern plays a gate-control on periodic limb movements during non-rapid eye movement sleep. J Clin Neurophysiol 3:314-323
79. Lugaresi E, Coccagna G, Montovani M, Lebrun R (1972). Some periodic phenomena arising during drowsiness and sleep in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 32:701-705
80. Ferrillo F, Beelke M, Canovaro P, Watanabe T, Aricò D, Rizzo, P, Garbarono S, Nobili L, De Carli F (2004) Changes in cerebral and autonomic activity heralding periodic limb movements in sleep. Sleep Med 5:407-412
81. Michaud M, Paquet J, Lavigne G, Desautels A, Montplaisir J (2002). Sleep laboratory diagnosis of restless legs syndrome. Eur Neurol 48:108-113
82. Tryon WW (1991) Activity measurement in psychology and medicine. Plenum press, New York
83. Hening W, Allen R, Earley C, Kushida C, Picchietti D, Silber M (1999). The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Review. Sleep 22:970-999
84. Hening WA, Allen RP, Earley CJ, Picchietti DL, Silber M (2004). An update on the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep 27:560-583
85. Zucconi M, Oldani A, Castronovo C, Ferini-Strambi L (2003) Cabergoline is an Effective Single-drug Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome: Clinical and Actigraphic Evaluation. Sleep 26:815-818
86. Hening WA, Walters AS, Wagner M, Rosen R, Chen V, Kim S, Shan M, Thai O (1999). Circadian rhythm of motor restlessness and sensory symptoms in the idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Sleep 22:901-912
87. Tuisku K, Holi MM, Wahlbeck K, Ahlgren AJ, Lauerma H (2003) Quantitativerest activity in ambulatory monitoring as a physiological marker of restless legs syndrome: a controlled study. Mov Disord 18:442-448
88. Earley CJ, Heckler D, Allen RP (2004) The treatment of restless legs syndrome with intravenous iron dextran. Sleep Med 5:231-235
89. Sloand JA, Shelly MA, Feigin A, Bernstein P, Monk RD (2004). A double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of intravenous iron dextran therapy in patients with ESRD and restless legs syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 43:663-670
90. Standard of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (1999) Practice parameters for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements disorder. Sleep 22:961-968
91. Littner M, Kushida C, Anderson M, Bailey D, Berry R, Hirshkowitz M, Kapen S, Kramer M, Lee-Chiong T, Li K et al. (2004) Practice parameters for the dopaminergic treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movement Disorder. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Standard of Practice Committe of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep 22:557-559
92. Stiasny-Kolster K, Benes H, Peglau I, Hornyak M, Holinka B, Wessel K, Emser W, Leroux M, Kohnen R, Oertel W (2004) Effective cabergoline treatment in idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Neurology 63:2272-2279
93. Silber M, Ehrenberg B, Allen R, Buchfuher M, Earley C, Hening W, Rye D, Medical Advisory Board of the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation (2004) An algorithm for the management of Restless Legs Syndrome. May Clin Proc 79:916-922