Crustal heterogeneity in bulk velocity beneath the 2001 Bhuj earthquake source zone and its implications

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

Volumn 103, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 3235-3247

  Mishra, O P ^a,b  

^a SAARC Disaster Management Centre   (India)

^b CGD   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRITTLE FAILURES; EARTHQUAKE SOURCE; EFFECTIVE STRESS; FAULT GEOMETRY; INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES; MATERIAL HETEROGENEITY; SEISMIC STATION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE;

ACOUSTIC WAVE VELOCITY; FAULTING; FLUIDIZATION; MINERALS; PORE PRESSURE; ROCKS;

EARTHQUAKES;

AFTERSHOCK; ARRIVAL TIME; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; EARTHQUAKE HYPOCENTER; EFFECTIVE STRESS; GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE 2001; P-WAVE; S-WAVE; SEISMIC SOURCE; SEISMIC ZONE; SOURCE ROCK;

GUJARAT; INDIA;

EID: 84888107935     PISSN: 00371106     EISSN: 19433573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1785/0120110144     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Arora, B. R., G. Rawat, and A. K. Singh (2002). Mid-crustal conductor below the Kutch rift basin and its seismogenic relevance to the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, DCS-DST News, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
2. Bendick, R., R. Bilham, E. Fielding, V. K. Gaur, S. E. Hough, G. Kier, M. N. Kulkarni, S. Martin, K. Mueller, and M. Mukul (2001). The 26 January 2001 "Republic Day" earthquake, India, Seismol. Res. Lett. 72, 328-335.
3. Biswas, S. K (1987). Regional tectonic framework, structure and evolution of the western marginal basins of India, Tectonophysics 135, 307-327.
4. Bodin, P., and S. Horton (2001). Source parameters and tectonic implications of aftershocks of the Mw 7.6 Bhuj earthquake of January 26, 2001, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, 818-827.
5. Chandra, U. (1977). Earthquakes of peninsular India-A seismotectonic study, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 67, 1387-1413.
6. Chandrasekhar, D. V., and D. C. Mishra (2002). Some geodynamic aspects of Kutch basin and seismicity: An insight from gravity studies, Curr. Sci. 83, 492-496.
7. Chandrasekhar, D. V., D. C. Mishra, and B. Singh (2003). Tectonics related to Bhuj earthquake of January 26, 2001 in Kutch, India: An insight from gravity, isostatic and magnetic studies, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, JSS02/01A/A06-003, A.162-A.163.
8. Christensen, N. I. (1996). Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 3139-3156.
9. GSI (2000). Seismotectonics Atlas of India and its Environs, Geol. Surv. India Spl. Pub., 39 pp.
10. Gupta, H. K., S. V. Sarma, T. Harinarayana, and G. Virupakshi (1996). Fluids below the hypocentral region of Latur earthquake, India: Geophysical indicators, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1569-1572.
11. Harinarayana, T. T., and K. S. Begum (2003). Electrical conductivity and aftershock activity in seismically active regions, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics JSS02/01A/A06-001 A.162.
12. Ito, H., J. DeVilbiss, and M. Nur (1979). Compressional and shear waves in saturated rock during water-steam transition, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4731-4735.
13. Kaila, K. L., H. C. Tewari, V. G. Krishna, M. M. Dikshit, D. Sanker, and M. S. Reddy (1990). Deep seismic sounding studies in the north Cambay and Sanchor basin India, Geophys. J. Int. 103, 621-637.
14. Kayal, J. R., R. De, S. Ram, B. V. Srirama, and S. G. Gaonkar (2002). Aftershocks of the January 26, 2001 Bhuj earthquake and its seismotectonic implications, J. Geol. Soc. India 59, 395-417.
15. Kayal, J. R., D. Zhao, O. P. Mishra, R. De, and O. P. Singh (2002). The 2001 Bhuj earthquake: Tomographic evidence for fluids at the hypocenter and its implications for rupture nucleation, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015177.
16. Kennett, B. L. N., and S. Widiyantoro (1999). A low seismic speed anomaly beneath northwestern India a seismic signature of the Deccan plume, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 165, 145-155.
17. Kerrich, R., T. E. La Tour, and L. Willmore (1984). Fluid participation in deep fault zones: Evidence from geochemical and 18O/16O relations, J. Geophys. Res. 89, 4331-4343.
18. King, G. C. P. (1986). Speculations on the geometry of the initiation and termination processes of earthquake rupture and its relation to morphological and geological structure, Pure Appl. Geophys. 124, 567-585.
19. Kumar, M. R., J. Saul, D. Sarkar, and R. Kind (2001). Crustal structure of Indian shield: New constraints from teleseismic receiver function analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1397-1405.
20. Le Ravalec, M., Y. Gueguen, and T. Chelidze (1996). Elastic wave velocities in partially saturated rocks: Saturation hysteresis, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 837-844.
21. Lees, J. M., and H. Wu (2000). Poisson's ratio and porosity at Coso geothermal area, California, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 95, 157-173.
22. Lei, J., F. Xie, O. P. Mishra, G. Zhang, Y. Lu, and Y. Li (2012). The 2011 Yingjiang, China earthquake (5.8): Volcano-related fluid-driven earthquake? Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 102, 417-425.
23. Lin, A., N. Tanaka, S. Uda, and M. Satis-Kumar (2001). Infiltration of meteoric and sea water into deep fault zone during episodes of coseismic events: A case study of the Nojima fault. Japan, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo 76, 341-353.
24. Mandal, P., B. K. Rastogi, H. V. S. Satyanarayana, and M. Kausalaya (2004). Results from local earthquake velocity tomography: Implications toward the source process involved in generating the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in the lower crust beneath Kachchh (India), Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, 633-649.
25. Marshak, S., and T. Paulsen (1997). Structural style, regional distribution, and seismic implications of Midcontinental faultand-fold zones, United States, Seismol. Res. Lett. 68, 511-520.
26. McCaig, A. M (1998). Deep fluid circulation in fault zones, Geology 16, 867-870.
27. Mishra, D. C., D. V. Chandrasekhar, and B. Singh (2005). Tectonics and crustal structures related to Bhuj earthquake of January 26, 2001: Based on gravity and magnetic surveys constrained from seismic and seismological studies, Tectonophysics 396, 195-205.
28. Mishra, O. P. (2004). Lithospheric heterogeneities and seismotectonics of NE Japan forearc and Indian regions, D. Sc. Thesis, GRC, Ehime University, Japan, 223 pp.
29. Mishra, O. P., and D. Zhao (2003). Crack density, saturation rate and porosity at the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake hypocenter: A fluid driven earthquake? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 212, 393-405.
30. Mishra, O. P., D. Zhao, J. R. Kayal, R. De, and O. P. Singh (2002). Tomography of the source area of the 2001 Bhuj (India), earthquake: Evidence for fluids at the hypocenters, Presented in the Japan Earth and Planetary Science Joint Meeting, 27-31 May 2002, Tokyo, Japan.
31. Mishra, O. P., D. Zhao, and Z. Wang (2008). The genesis of the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake (Mw 7.6): A Puzzle for Peninsular India, J. Indian Minerals Special Issue, 61, nos. 3-4 and 62, nos. 1-4, 149-170.
32. Mukhopadhyay, S., O. P. Mishra, D. Zhao, and J. R. Kayal (2006). 3-D seismic structure of the source area of the 1993 Latur, India earthquake and its implications for rupture nucleations, Tectonophysics 413, 1-16.
33. Negishi, H., S. Kumar, J. Mori, T. Sato, P. Bodin, and B. K. Rastogi (2002). Tomographic velocity model for the aftershocks region of the 2001 Gujarat, India earthquake, Proc. of the 12th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering, 29-37.
34. Negishi, H., J. Mori, T. Sato, R. Singh, S. Kumar, and N. Hirata (2002). Size and orientation of the fault plane for the 2001 Gujarat, India earthquake (Mw 7.7) from aftershock observations: A high stress drop event, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015280.
35. Nur, A (1972). Dilatancy, pre fluids, and premonitory variations of ts=tp travel times, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 62, 1217-1222.
36. O'Connell, R. J., and B. Budiansky (1974). Seismic velocities in dry and saturated cracked solids, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 5412-5426.
37. Padhy, S., and S. Crampin (2006). High pore-fluid pressures at Bhuj, inferred from 900-flips in shear-wave polarizations, Geophys. J. Int. 164, 370-376.
38. Paige, C., and M. Saunders (1982). LSQR: An algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares, ACM Trans. Math. Software 8, 43-71.
39. Pickett, G. R. (1963). Accoustic character logs and their amplifications in formation evaluation, J. Petrol. Tech. 15, 650-667.
40. Prasad, M (1999). Correlating permeability with velocity using flow zone indicators, SEG Expanded Abstracts, 69th Annual SEG Meeting, Houston, Texas, 1-5 November, 587.
41. Prasad, M., and M. H. Manghanani (1997). Effects of pore and differential pressure on compressional wave velocity and quality factor in Bera and Michigan sandstones, Geophysics 62, 1163-1176.
42. Rajendran, K., C. P. Rajendran, M. Thakkar, and M. P. Tuttle (2001). The 2001 Kutch (Bhuj) earthquake: Coseismic surface features and their significance, Curr. Sci. 80, 1397-1405.
43. Ramachandran, K., S. E. Dosso, C. A. Zelt, G. D. Spence, and R. Hyndman (2004). Upper crustal structure of Southwestern British Colombia from the 1998 seismic hazards investigation in Puget Sound, J. Geophys. Res. 109, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002826.
44. Raphael, A. J., P. Bodin, S. Horton, and J Gomberg (2001). Preliminary Double-difference relocations of Bhuj aftershocks, Eos Trans. AGU (Fall Meet. Suppl.) 82, S51B-0605.
45. Rayleigh, C. B (1977). Frictional heating dehydration and earthquake stress stops, in Proc. Conf. II, Experimental studies of rock friction with application to Earthquake Prediction, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 291-304.
46. Roy, A. B (2003). Geological and geophysical manifestations of the re-union plume-Indian lithosphere interactions: Evidence from northwest India, Gondwana Res. 6, 487-500.
47. Scholz, C. H., L. R. Sykes, and Y. P. Aggarwal (1973). Earthquake prediction: A physical basis, Science 181, 803-809.
48. Singh, A. P., O. P. Mishra, D. Kumar, S. Kumar, and R. B. S. Yadav (2012). Spatial variation of the aftershock activity across the Kachchh rift basin and its seismotectonic implications. J. Earth Syst. Sci. 121, no. 2, 439-451.
49. Singh, A. P., O. P. Mishra, and B. K. Rastogi (2011). 3-D Seismic structure of the Kachchh, Gujarat and its implications for the earthquake hazard mitigation, Nat. Hazards 57, no. 1, 83-105, doi: 10.1007/s11069-010-9707-2.
50. Singh, A. P., O. P. Mishra, R. B. S. Yadav, and D. Kumar (2012). A new insight into crustal heterogeneity beneath the 2001 Bhuj earthquake region of Northwest India and its implications for rupture initiations, J. Asian Earth Sci. 48, no. 2, 31-42.
51. Sleep, N. H., and M. L. Blanpied (1992). Creep, compaction and the weak rheology of major faults, Nature 359, 687-692.
52. Streit, J. E. (1997). Low frictional strength of upper crustal faults: A model, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 24619-24626.
53. Streit, J. E., and S. F. Cox (2001). Fluid pressures at hypocenters of moderate to large earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 2235-2244.
54. Talwani, P. (1999). Fault geometry and earthquakes in continental interiors, Tectonophysics 305, 371-379.
55. Talwani, P., and A. Gangopadhyay (2001). Tectonic framework of the Kachchh earthquake of the 26 January 2001, Seismol. Res. Lett. 72, no. 3, 336-345.
56. Waldhauser, F., and W. Ellsworth (2000). A double-difference earthquake location algorithm: Method and application to the north Hayward fault, California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, 1353-1368.
57. Watanabe, T. (1993). Effects of water and melt on seismic velocities and their applications to characterization of seismic reflectors, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, no. 24, 2933-2936.
58. Wessel, P., andW. Smith (1995). New version of the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) version 3.0 released, Eos Trans. AGU 76, 329.
59. Zhao, D., and T. Mizuno (1999). Crack density and saturation rate in the 1995 Kobe earthquake region, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 3213-3216.
60. Zhao, D., A. Hasegawa, and S. Horiuchi (1992). Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 19909-19928.
61. Zhao, D., H. Kanamori, and H. Negishi (1996). Tomography of the source area of the 1995 Kobe earthquake: Evidence for fluids at the hypocenter? Science 274, 1891-1894.
62. Zhao, D., O. P. Mishra, and R. Sanda (2002). Infuence of fuids and magma on earthquakes: Seismological evidence, Phys. Earth Planet. In. 132, 249-267.
63. Zhao, D., H. Tani, and O. P. Mishra (2004). Crustal heterogeneity in the 2000 western Tottori earthquake region: Effects of fluids from slab dehydration, Phys. Earth Planet In. 145, 161-177.
64. Zimmer, M., M. Prasad, and G. Mavko (2002). Pressure and porosity infuences on VP=VS ratio in unconsolidated sands, TLE 21.