메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 23, 2013, Pages 9545-9562

The ENSO-related West Pacific Sea surface temperature gradient

Author keywords

Climate variability; El Nino; ENSO; La Nina; Tropical variability

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL NINO; ENSO; LA NINA; TROPICAL VARIABILITY;

EID: 84888073307     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00344.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (84)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0842334547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present)
    • Adler, R. F., and Coauthors, 2003: The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147-1167.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.4 , pp. 1147-1167
    • Adler, R.F.1
  • 2
    • 84866398113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent and future sea surface temperature trends in tropical Pacific warm pool and cold tongue regions
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1129-7
    • An, S.-I., J.-W. Kim, S.-H. Im, B.-M. Kim, and J.-H. Park, 2012: Recent and future sea surface temperature trends in tropical Pacific warm pool and cold tongue regions. Climate Dyn., 39, 1373-1383, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1129-7.
    • (2012) Climate Dyn. , vol.39 , pp. 1373-1383
    • An, S.-I.1    Kim, J.-W.2    Im, S.-H.3    Kim, B.-M.4    Park, J.-H.5
  • 3
    • 34547114229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible impact of the Indian Ocean SST on the Northern Hemisphere circulation during El Niño
    • Annamalai, H., H. Okajima, and M. Watanabe, 2007: Possible impact of the Indian Ocean SST on the Northern Hemisphere circulation during El Niño. J. Climate,20, 3164-3189.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 3164-3189
    • Annamalai, H.1    Okajima, H.2    Watanabe, M.3
  • 4
    • 38549126116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection
    • C11007, doi:10.1029/2006JC003798
    • Ashok, K., S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao, H. Weng, and T. Yamagata, 2007: El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection. J. Geophys. Res.,112, C11007, doi:10.1029/2006JC003798.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Ashok, K.1    Behera, S.K.2    Rao, S.A.3    Weng, H.4    Yamagata, T.5
  • 5
    • 65349092074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability and predictability of central Asia river flows: Antecedent winter precipitation and large-scale teleconnections
    • Barlow, M. A., and M. K. Tippett, 2008: Variability and predictability of central Asia river flows: Antecedent winter precipitation and large-scale teleconnections. J. Hydrometeor., 9, 1334-1349.
    • (2008) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.9 , pp. 1334-1349
    • Barlow, M.A.1    Tippett, M.K.2
  • 6
    • 0035324999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO, Pacific decadal variability, and U.S. summertime precipitation, drought, and stream flow
    • Barlow, M. A., S. Nigam, and E. H. Berbery, 2001: ENSO, Pacific decadal variability, and U.S. summertime precipitation, drought, and stream flow. J. Climate, 14, 2105-2128.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 2105-2128
    • Barlow, M.A.1    Nigam, S.2    Berbery, E.H.3
  • 7
    • 0036540010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought in central and southwest Asia: La Niña, the warm pool, and Indian Ocean precipitation
    • Barlow, M. A., H. Cullen, and B. Lyon, 2002: Drought in central and southwest Asia: La Niña, the warm pool, and Indian Ocean precipitation. J. Climate, 15, 697-700.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 697-700
    • Barlow, M.A.1    Cullen, H.2    Lyon, B.3
  • 8
    • 0037929297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The onset and cessation of the "long rains" in eastern Africa and their interannual variability
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-002-0721-5
    • Camberlin, P., and R. E. Okoola, 2003: The onset and cessation of the "long rains" in eastern Africa and their interannual variability. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 75, 43-54, doi:10.1007/s00704-002-0721-5.
    • (2003) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.75 , pp. 43-54
    • Camberlin, P.1    Okoola, R.E.2
  • 9
    • 0035973143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality and atmospheric dynamics of the teleconnection between African rainfall and tropical sea-surface temperature: Atlantic vs
    • doi:10.1002/joc.673
    • Camberlin, P., S. Janicot, and I. Poccard, 2001: Seasonality and atmospheric dynamics of the teleconnection between African rainfall and tropical sea-surface temperature: Atlantic vs. ENSO. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 973-1005, doi:10.1002/joc.673.
    • (2001) ENSO. Int. J. Climatol. , vol.21 , pp. 973-1005
    • Camberlin, P.1    Janicot, S.2    Poccard, I.3
  • 10
    • 0033190383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States
    • Cayan, D. R., K. T. Redmond, and L. G. Riddle, 1999: ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States. J. Climate, 12, 2881-2893.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 2881-2893
    • Cayan, D.R.1    Redmond, K.T.2    Riddle, L.G.3
  • 11
    • 0035359728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative roles of elevated heating and surface temperature gradients in driving anomalous surface winds over tropical oceans
    • Chiang, J. C. H., S. E. Zebiak, and M. A. Cane, 2001: Relative roles of elevated heating and surface temperature gradients in driving anomalous surface winds over tropical oceans. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1371-1394.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 1371-1394
    • Chiang, J.C.H.1    Zebiak, S.E.2    Cane, M.A.3
  • 12
    • 77954851195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo868
    • Collins, M., and Coauthors, 2010: The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño. Nat. Geosci., 3, 391-397, doi:10.1038/ngeo868.
    • (2010) Nat. Geosci. , vol.3 , pp. 391-397
    • Collins, M.1
  • 13
    • 77953700952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removing ENSO-related variations from the climate record
    • Compo, G. P., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 2010: Removing ENSO-related variations from the climate record. J. Climate, 23, 1957-1978.
    • (2010) J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 1957-1978
    • Compo, G.P.1    Sardeshmukh, P.D.2
  • 14
    • 0035710253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO variability, teleconnections and climate change
    • doi:10.1002/joc.631
    • Diaz, H. F., M. P. Hoerling, and J. K. Eischeid, 2001: ENSO variability, teleconnections and climate change. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1845-1862, doi:10.1002/joc.631.
    • (2001) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.21 , pp. 1845-1862
    • Diaz, H.F.1    Hoerling, M.P.2    Eischeid, J.K.3
  • 15
    • 0024195150 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal forecasting of the Kenya coast short rains, 1901-84
    • doi:10.1002/joc.3370080505
    • Farmer, G., 1988: Seasonal forecasting of the Kenya coast short rains, 1901-84. J. Climatol., 8, 489-497, doi:10.1002/joc.3370080505.
    • (1988) J. Climatol. , vol.8 , pp. 489-497
    • Farmer, G.1
  • 16
    • 84888068763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal and seasonal-to-interannual Indian Ocean convection and hemispheric teleconnections
    • Hoell, A., M. Barlow, and R. Saini, 2013: Intraseasonal and seasonal-to-interannual Indian Ocean convection and hemispheric teleconnections. J. Climate,26, 8850-8867.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 8850-8867
    • Hoell, A.1    Barlow, M.2    Saini, R.3
  • 17
    • 0031133873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do North American climate anomalies differ from one El Niño event to another?
    • Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 1997: Why do North American climate anomalies differ from one El Niño event to another? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1059-1062.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Hoerling, M.P.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 18
    • 0037104712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric response patterns associated with tropical forcing
    • Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 2002: Atmospheric response patterns associated with tropical forcing. J. Climate, 15, 2184-2203.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2184-2203
    • Hoerling, M.P.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 19
    • 0037474125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perfect ocean for drought
    • Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 2003: The perfect ocean for drought. Science, 299, 691-694.
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 691-694
    • Hoerling, M.P.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 20
    • 0031207768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño, La Niña, and the nonlinearity of their teleconnections
    • Hoerling, M. P., A. Kumar, and M. Zhong, 1997: El Niño, La Niña, and the nonlinearity of their teleconnections. J. Climate, 10, 1769-1786.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1769-1786
    • Hoerling, M.P.1    Kumar, A.2    Zhong, M.3
  • 21
    • 0019655505 scopus 로고
    • Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation
    • Horel, J. D., and J. M. Wallace, 1981: Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 813-829.
    • (1981) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.109 , pp. 813-829
    • Horel, J.D.1    Wallace, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 0034020387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO signals in East African rainfall seasons
    • doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200001)20:1<19::AID-JOC449>3.0.CO;2-0
    • Indeje, M., F. H. Semazzi, and L. J. Ogallo, 2000: ENSO signals in East African rainfall seasons. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 19-46, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200001)20:1<19::AID-JOC449>3.0.CO;2-0.
    • (2000) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.20 , pp. 19-46
    • Indeje, M.1    Semazzi, F.H.2    Ogallo, L.J.3
  • 23
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
    • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 24
    • 64049109968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting eastern-Pacific and central-Pacific types of ENSO
    • Kao, H.-Y., and J.-Y. Yu, 2009: Contrasting eastern-Pacific and central-Pacific types of ENSO. J. Climate, 22, 615-632.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 615-632
    • Kao, H.-Y.1    Yu, J.-Y.2
  • 25
    • 69249088490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed strengthening of the zonal sea surface temperature gradient across the equatorial Pacific Ocean
    • Karnauskas, K. B., R. Seager, A. Kaplan, Y. Kushnir, and M. A. Cane, 2009: Observed strengthening of the zonal sea surface temperature gradient across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 22, 4316-4321.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 4316-4321
    • Karnauskas, K.B.1    Seager, R.2    Kaplan, A.3    Kushnir, Y.4    Cane, M.A.5
  • 26
    • 0028333193 scopus 로고
    • A rotated EOF analysis of global sea surface temperature variability with interannual and interdecadal scales
    • Kawamura, R., 1994: A rotated EOF analysis of global sea surface temperature variability with interannual and interdecadal scales. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 707-715.
    • (1994) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.24 , pp. 707-715
    • Kawamura, R.1
  • 27
    • 24144442801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between intraseasonal rainfall variability of coastal Tanzania and ENSO
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0129-0
    • Kijazi, A. L., and C. J. C. Reason, 2005: Relationships between intraseasonal rainfall variability of coastal Tanzania and ENSO. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 82, 153-176, doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0129-0.
    • (2005) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.82 , pp. 153-176
    • Kijazi, A.L.1    Reason, C.J.C.2
  • 28
    • 64049116316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two types of El Niño events: Cold tongue El Niño and warm pool El Niño
    • Kug, J.-S., F.-F. Jin, and S.-I. An, 2009: Two types of El Niño events: Cold tongue El Niño and warm pool El Niño. J. Climate, 22, 1499-1515.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 1499-1515
    • Kug, J.-S.1    Jin, F.-F.2    An, S.-I.3
  • 29
    • 0030927375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation and implications of the observed inter-El Niño variability
    • Kumar, A., and M. P. Hoerling, 1997: Interpretation and implications of the observed inter-El Niño variability. J. Climate, 10, 83-91.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 83-91
    • Kumar, A.1    Hoerling, M.P.2
  • 30
    • 27944461746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SST-forced atmospheric variability in an atmospheric general circulation model
    • Kumar, A., Q. Zhang, P. Peng, and B. Jha, 2005: SST-forced atmospheric variability in an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Climate, 18, 3953-3967.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 3953-3967
    • Kumar, A.1    Zhang, Q.2    Peng, P.3    Jha, B.4
  • 31
    • 24944506306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the definition of El Niño and associated seasonal average U.S
    • L13705, doi:10.1029/2005GL022738
    • Larkin, N. K., and D. E. Harrison, 2005: On the definition of El Niño and associated seasonal average U.S. weather anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett.,32, L13705, doi:10.1029/2005GL022738.
    • (2005) weather anomalies. Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Larkin, N.K.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 32
    • 0037091240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The characteristic variability of boreal wintertime atmospheric circulation in El Niño events
    • Lee, E.-J., J.-G. Jhun, and I.-S. Kang, 2002: The characteristic variability of boreal wintertime atmospheric circulation in El Niño events. J. Climate, 15, 892-904.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 892-904
    • Lee, E.-J.1    Jhun, J.-G.2    Kang, I.-S.3
  • 33
    • 0000838089 scopus 로고
    • On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics
    • Lindzen, R. S., and S. Nigam, 1987: On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2418-2436.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 2418-2436
    • Lindzen, R.S.1    Nigam, S.2
  • 34
    • 0031200766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teleconnective response of the Pacific-North American region atmosphere to large central equatorial Pacific SST anomalies
    • Livezey, R. E., M. Masutani, A. Leetmaa, H. Rui, M. Ji, and A. Kumar, 1997: Teleconnective response of the Pacific-North American region atmosphere to large central equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. J. Climate, 10, 1787-1820.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1787-1820
    • Livezey, R.E.1    Masutani, M.2    Leetmaa, A.3    Rui, H.4    Ji, M.5    Kumar, A.6
  • 35
    • 35948997665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How ENSO impacts precipitation in southwest central Asia
    • L16706, doi:10.1029/2007GL030078
    • Mariotti, A., 2007: How ENSO impacts precipitation in southwest central Asia. Geophys. Res. Lett.,34, L16706, doi:10.1029/2007GL030078.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Mariotti, A.1
  • 36
    • 2442644927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of winter climate over the North Atlantic European region during ENSO events
    • Mathieu, P.-P., R. T. Sutton, B. Dong, and M. Collins, 2004: Predictability of winter climate over the North Atlantic European region during ENSO events. J. Climate, 17, 1953-1974.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 1953-1974
    • Mathieu, P.-P.1    Sutton, R.T.2    Dong, B.3    Collins, M.4
  • 37
    • 0036003012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary modes and predictability of year-to-year snowpack variations in the western United States from teleconnections with Pacific Ocean climate
    • McCabe, G. J., and M. D. Dettinger, 2002: Primary modes and predictability of year-to-year snowpack variations in the western United States from teleconnections with Pacific Ocean climate. J. Hydrometeor., 3, 13-25.
    • (2002) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.3 , pp. 13-25
    • McCabe, G.J.1    Dettinger, M.D.2
  • 38
    • 84860341006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twentieth century Walker circulation change: Data analysis and model experiments
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1047-8
    • Meng, Q., M. Latif, W. Park, N. Keenlyside, V. Semenov, and T. Martin, 2012: Twentieth century Walker circulation change: Data analysis and model experiments. Climate Dyn., 38, 1757-1773, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1047-8.
    • (2012) Climate Dyn. , vol.38 , pp. 1757-1773
    • Meng, Q.1    Latif, M.2    Park, W.3    Keenlyside, N.4    Semenov, V.5    Martin, T.6
  • 39
    • 80053159527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in zonal surface temperature gradients and walker circulations in a wide range of climates
    • Merlis, T. M., and T. Schneider, 2011: Changes in zonal surface temperature gradients and walker circulations in a wide range of climates. J. Climate, 24, 4757-4768.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 4757-4768
    • Merlis, T.M.1    Schneider, T.2
  • 40
    • 0023480099 scopus 로고
    • Modeling tropical convergence based on the moist static energy budget
    • Neelin, J. D., and I. M. Held, 1987: Modeling tropical convergence based on the moist static energy budget. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 3-12.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 3-12
    • Neelin, J.D.1    Held, I.M.2
  • 41
    • 0001865253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of climate dynamics and climate variability in eastern Africa
    • T. C. Johnson and O. A. Odada, Eds. CRC Press
    • Nicholson, S., 1996: A review of climate dynamics and climate variability in eastern Africa. The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes, T. C. Johnson and O. A. Odada, Eds., CRC Press, 25-56.
    • (1996) The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes , pp. 25-56
    • Nicholson, S.1
  • 42
    • 0029662898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought and regional hydrologic variation in the United States: Associations with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • doi:10.1029/96WR00353
    • Piechota, T. C., and J. A. Dracup, 1996: Drought and regional hydrologic variation in the United States: Associations with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Water Resour. Res., 32, 1359-1373, doi:10.1029/96WR00353.
    • (1996) Water Resour. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 1359-1373
    • Piechota, T.C.1    Dracup, J.A.2
  • 43
    • 0020391175 scopus 로고
    • Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
    • (1982) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 354-384
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Carpenter, T.H.2
  • 44
    • 84862986661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anomalous climatic conditions associated with the El Niño Modoki during boreal winter of 2009
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1108-z
    • Ratnam, J., S. Behera, Y. Masumoto, K. Takahashi, and T. Yamagata, 2011: Anomalous climatic conditions associated with the El Niño Modoki during boreal winter of 2009. Climate Dyn., 39,227-238, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1108-z.
    • (2011) Climate Dyn. , vol.39 , pp. 227-238
    • Ratnam, J.1    Behera, S.2    Masumoto, Y.3    Takahashi, K.4    Yamagata, T.5
  • 45
    • 79952683753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
    • Rienecker, M. M., and Coauthors, 2011: MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate,24, 3624-3648.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 3624-3648
    • Rienecker, M.M.1
  • 46
    • 0022831511 scopus 로고
    • North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
    • Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1986: North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2352-2362.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 2352-2362
    • Ropelewski, C.F.1    Halpert, M.S.2
  • 47
    • 0000335197 scopus 로고
    • Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
    • Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1606-1626.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 1606-1626
    • Ropelewski, C.F.1    Halpert, M.S.2
  • 48
    • 0000082536 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation
    • Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1989: Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 268-284.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 268-284
    • Ropelewski, C.F.1    Halpert, M.S.2
  • 49
    • 37349029347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The turn of the century North American drought: Global context, dynamics, and past analogs
    • Seager, R., 2007: The turn of the century North American drought: Global context, dynamics, and past analogs. J. Climate, 20, 5527-5552.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 5527-5552
    • Seager, R.1
  • 50
    • 24644445542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ENSO on Tibetan Plateau snow depth: A stationary wave teleconnection mechanism and implications for the South Asian monsoons
    • Shaman, J., and E. Tziperman, 2005: The effect of ENSO on Tibetan Plateau snow depth: A stationary wave teleconnection mechanism and implications for the South Asian monsoons. J. Climate, 18, 2067-2079.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 2067-2079
    • Shaman, J.1    Tziperman, E.2
  • 51
    • 45349109008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006)
    • Smith, T. M., R. W. Reynolds, T. C. Peterson, and J. Lawrimore, 2008: Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006). J. Climate, 21, 2283-2296.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 2283-2296
    • Smith, T.M.1    Reynolds, R.W.2    Peterson, T.C.3    Lawrimore, J.4
  • 52
    • 84865724592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling disparate twentieth-century Indo-Pacific Ocean temperature trends in the instrumental record
    • doi:10.1038/nclimate1591
    • Solomon, A., and M. Newman, 2012: Reconciling disparate twentieth-century Indo-Pacific Ocean temperature trends in the instrumental record. Nat. Climate Change, 2, 691-699, doi:10.1038/nclimate1591.
    • (2012) Nat. Climate Change , vol.2 , pp. 691-699
    • Solomon, A.1    Newman, M.2
  • 53
    • 33748195587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of remote forcings on the winter precipitation of central southwest Asia
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0217-1
    • Syed, F. S., F. Giorgi, J. S. Pal, and M. P. King, 2006: Effect of remote forcings on the winter precipitation of central southwest Asia. Part 1: Observations. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 86, 147-160, doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0217-1.
    • (2006) Part 1: Observations. Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.86 , pp. 147-160
    • Syed, F.S.1    Giorgi, F.2    Pal, J.S.3    King, M.P.4
  • 54
    • 75349113000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate model simulation of winter climate over central-southwest Asia, with emphasis on NAO and ENSO effects
    • doi:10.1002/joc.1887
    • Syed, F. S., F. Giorgi, J. S. Pal, and K. Keay, 2010: Regional climate model simulation of winter climate over central-southwest Asia, with emphasis on NAO and ENSO effects. Int. J. Climatol., 30, 220-235, doi:10.1002/joc.1887.
    • (2010) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.30 , pp. 220-235
    • Syed, F.S.1    Giorgi, F.2    Pal, J.S.3    Keay, K.4
  • 55
    • 79957948430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO regimes: Reinterpreting the canonical and Modoki El Niño
    • L10704, doi:10.1029/2011GL047364
    • Takahashi, K., A. Montecinos, K. Goubanova, and B. Dewitte, 2011: ENSO regimes: Reinterpreting the canonical and Modoki El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett.,38, L10704, doi:10.1029/2011GL047364.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38
    • Takahashi, K.1    Montecinos, A.2    Goubanova, K.3    Dewitte, B.4
  • 56
    • 0031400134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The definition of El Niño
    • Trenberth, K. E., 1997: The definition of El Niño. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2771-2777.
    • (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 2771-2777
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 57
    • 0035870108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indices of El Niño evolution
    • Trenberth, K. E., and D. P. Stepaniak, 2001: Indices of El Niño evolution. J. Climate, 14, 1697-1701.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 1697-1701
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Stepaniak, D.P.2
  • 58
    • 67650520162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the three-dimensional structure of the atmospheric circulation with different flavors of El Niño
    • Trenberth, K. E., and L. Smith, 2009: Variations in the three-dimensional structure of the atmospheric circulation with different flavors of El Niño. J. Climate, 22, 2978-2991.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 2978-2991
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Smith, L.2
  • 59
    • 0032577959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures
    • Trenberth, K. E., G. W. Branstator, D. Karoly, A. Kumar, N.-C. Lau, and C. Ropelewski, 1998: Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C7), 14 291-14 324.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.C7
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Branstator, G.W.2    Karoly, D.3    Kumar, A.4    Lau, N.-C.5    Ropelewski, C.6
  • 60
    • 33646927242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weakening of tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation due to anthropogenic forcing
    • doi:10.1038/nature04744
    • Vecchi, G. A., B. J. Soden, A. T. Wittenberg, I. M. Held, A. Leetmaa, and M. J. Harrison, 2006: Weakening of tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation due to anthropogenic forcing. Nature, 441, 73-76, doi:10.1038/nature04744.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 73-76
    • Vecchi, G.A.1    Soden, B.J.2    Wittenberg, A.T.3    Held, I.M.4    Leetmaa, A.5    Harrison, M.J.6
  • 61
    • 2442459620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in El Niño response over the Southern Hemisphere
    • Vera, C., G. Silvestri, V. Barros, and A. Carril, 2004: Differences in El Niño response over the Southern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 17, 1741-1753.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 1741-1753
    • Vera, C.1    Silvestri, G.2    Barros, V.3    Carril, A.4
  • 62
    • 34548502685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of Australian rainfall to inter-El Niño variations
    • Wang, G., and H. H. Hendon, 2007: Sensitivity of Australian rainfall to inter-El Niño variations. J. Climate, 20, 4211-4226.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 4211-4226
    • Wang, G.1    Hendon, H.H.2
  • 63
    • 0000753313 scopus 로고
    • El Niño-The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing
    • Wyrtki, K., 1975: El Niño-The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 572-584.
    • (1975) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.5 , pp. 572-584
    • Wyrtki, K.1
  • 64
    • 0031403103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs
    • Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.
    • (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 2539-2558
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 65
    • 80051877513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic origin of a recent La Niña-like trend in the tropical pacific
    • doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0129-6
    • Zhang, L., L. Wu, and L. Yu, 2011: Oceanic origin of a recent La Niña-like trend in the tropical pacific. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1109-1117, doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0129-6.
    • (2011) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 1109-1117
    • Zhang, L.1    Wu, L.2    Yu, L.3
  • 66
    • 78650584723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea surface temperature cooling mode in the Pacific cold tongue
    • C12042, doi:10.1029/2010JC006501
    • Zhang, W., J. Li, and X. Zhao, 2010: Sea surface temperature cooling mode in the Pacific cold tongue. J. Geophys. Res.,115, C12042, doi:10.1029/2010JC006501.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Zhang, W.1    Li, J.2    Zhao, X.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.