-
1
-
-
85031047949
-
-
African Canadian Legal Clinic, Retrieved on March 1, 2012, from
-
African Canadian Legal Clinic. (2008). Disaggregated data collection (race-based statistics) policy paper. Retrieved on March 1, 2012, from http://www. aclc. net/wp-content/uploads/Policy-Papers-1-11-English-FINAL. pdf.
-
(2008)
Disaggregated data collection (race-based statistics) policy paper
-
-
-
5
-
-
78449299748
-
-
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Government Printing Office
-
Aud, S., Fox, M., & Kewal Ramani, A. (2010). Status and trends in the education of racial and ethnic groups (NCES 2010-015). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, U. S. Government Printing Office.
-
(2010)
Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups (NCES 2010-015)
-
-
Aud, S.1
Fox, M.2
Kewal Ramani, A.3
-
6
-
-
1342341487
-
-
Oxford: Oxford University Press
-
Barak, G., Flavin, J. M., & Leighton, P. S. (2001). Class, race, gender and crime: social realities of justice in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
(2001)
Class, race, gender and crime: Social realities of justice in America
-
-
Barak, G.1
Flavin, J.M.2
Leighton, P.S.3
-
8
-
-
84857454182
-
-
Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme. University of London International Center for Prison Studies. Retrieved on March 1, 2012, from
-
Bewley-Taylor, D., Hallam, C., & Allen, R. (2009). The incarceration of drug offenders: an overview, report 16. Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme. University of London International Center for Prison Studies. Retrieved on March 1, 2012, from http://www. beckleyfoundation. org/pdf/BF_Report_16. pdf.
-
(2009)
The incarceration of drug offenders: An overview, report 16
-
-
Bewley-Taylor, D.1
Hallam, C.2
Allen, R.3
-
9
-
-
0020424317
-
On the racial disproportionality of United States' prison populations
-
Blumstein, A. (1982). On the racial disproportionality of United States' prison populations. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 73(3), 1259-1281.
-
(1982)
The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
, vol.73
, Issue.3
, pp. 1259-1281
-
-
Blumstein, A.1
-
10
-
-
33750522448
-
Unfair by design: the war on drugs, race, and the legitimacy of the criminal justice system
-
Bobo, L. D., & Thompson, V. (2006). Unfair by design: the war on drugs, race, and the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Social Research, 73(2), 445-472.
-
(2006)
Social Research
, vol.73
, Issue.2
, pp. 445-472
-
-
Bobo, L.D.1
Thompson, V.2
-
11
-
-
37249035774
-
Disproportionate and discriminatory: reviewing the evidence on police stop and search
-
Bowling, B., & Phillips, C. (2007). Disproportionate and discriminatory: reviewing the evidence on police stop and search. The Modern Law Review, 70(6), 936-961.
-
(2007)
The Modern Law Review
, vol.70
, Issue.6
, pp. 936-961
-
-
Bowling, B.1
Phillips, C.2
-
12
-
-
27844564798
-
Policing ethnic minority communities
-
9781843920199, T. Newburn (Ed.), Devon: William
-
Bowling, B., & Phillips, C. (2010). Policing ethnic minority communities. In T. Newburn (Ed.), Handbook of policing (pp. 528-555). Devon: William. ISBN 9781843920199.
-
(2010)
Handbook of Policing
, pp. 528-555
-
-
Bowling, B.1
Phillips, C.2
-
14
-
-
37249085268
-
The racialization of crime and punishment: criminal justice, color-blind racism, and the political economy of the prison industrial complex
-
Brewer, R. M., & Heitzeg, N. A. (2008). The racialization of crime and punishment: criminal justice, color-blind racism, and the political economy of the prison industrial complex. American Behavioral Scientist, 51(5), 625-644.
-
(2008)
American Behavioral Scientist
, vol.51
, Issue.5
, pp. 625-644
-
-
Brewer, R.M.1
Heitzeg, N.A.2
-
15
-
-
84888039032
-
Prison Fact File
-
Bromley Briefings, Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from
-
Bromley Briefings. (2007). Prison Fact File. Prison Reform Trust. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from http://www. prisonreformtrust. org. uk/uploads/documents/factfile5dec. pdf.
-
(2007)
Prison Reform Trust
-
-
-
16
-
-
84888072213
-
-
Commissioned by the African Canadian Community Coalition on Racial Profiling Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from
-
Brown, M. (2007). We are not alone: racial profiling in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. Commissioned by the African Canadian Community Coalition on Racial Profiling Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from http://www. cantraining. org/BTC/docs/CanadianReferences/We%20are%20Not%20Alone%20-%20Police%20Profiling. pdf.
-
(2007)
We are not alone: Racial profiling in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom
-
-
Brown, M.1
-
19
-
-
84888070770
-
Prison watchdog probes spike in number of black inmates
-
(15 December 2011), online
-
Crawford, A. (2011). "Prison watchdog probes spike in number of black inmates" CBC News (15 December 2011), online: http://www. cbc. ca/news/politics/story/2011/12/14/crawford-black-prison. html.
-
(2011)
CBC News
-
-
Crawford, A.1
-
20
-
-
79251640879
-
Racial and ethnic disparity and criminal justice: how much is too much?
-
Crutchfield, R. D., Fernandez, A., & Martinez, J. (2010). Racial and ethnic disparity and criminal justice: how much is too much? The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 100(3), 903-932.
-
(2010)
The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
, vol.100
, Issue.3
, pp. 903-932
-
-
Crutchfield, R.D.1
Fernandez, A.2
Martinez, J.3
-
21
-
-
84865290305
-
-
Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from
-
Department of Justice Canada. (2005). Canada's system of justice. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from http://www. justice. gc. ca/eng/dept-min/pub/just/img/courten. pdf.
-
(2005)
Canada's system of justice
-
-
-
22
-
-
84888073122
-
How fair is Britain? Equality, human rights and good relations in 2010
-
Equality and Human Rights Commission, Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from
-
Equality and Human Rights Commission. (2010). How fair is Britain? Equality, human rights and good relations in 2010, The First Triennial Review. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from http://www. equalityhumanrights. com/uploaded_files/triennial_review/how_fair_is_britain_-_complete_report. pdf.
-
(2010)
The First Triennial Review
-
-
-
23
-
-
77954729722
-
Race, drugs, and law enforcement in the United States
-
Fellner, J. (2009). Race, drugs, and law enforcement in the United States. Stanford Law & Policy Review, 20(2), 257-292.
-
(2009)
Stanford Law & Policy Review
, vol.20
, Issue.2
, pp. 257-292
-
-
Fellner, J.1
-
24
-
-
84855526683
-
Disproportionate minority contact in Canada: police and visible minority youth
-
Fitzgerald, R. T., & Carrington, J. P. (2011). Disproportionate minority contact in Canada: police and visible minority youth. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 53(4), 449-486.
-
(2011)
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
, vol.53
, Issue.4
, pp. 449-486
-
-
Fitzgerald, R.T.1
Carrington, J.P.2
-
26
-
-
78649617862
-
Racial disproportionality in the American prison population: using the Blumstein method to address the critical race and justice issue of the 21st century
-
Garland, B. E., Spohn, C., & Wodahl, E. J. (2008). Racial disproportionality in the American prison population: using the Blumstein method to address the critical race and justice issue of the 21st century. Justice Policy Journal, 5(2), 1-42.
-
(2008)
Justice Policy Journal
, vol.5
, Issue.2
, pp. 1-42
-
-
Garland, B.E.1
Spohn, C.2
Wodahl, E.J.3
-
28
-
-
47549089010
-
U. S. rates of incarceration: a global perspective
-
Retrieved on March 2, 2012 from
-
Hartney, C. (2006). U. S. rates of incarceration: a global perspective. National Council on Crime and Delinquency. Retrieved on March 2, 2012 from http://www. x-e-sales. com/back-up/o/wr%20-%20quiltron%20press/writing/writing/solutions%20for%20a%20naked%20country/2006nov_factsheet_incarceration. pdf.
-
(2006)
National Council on Crime and Delinquency
-
-
Hartney, C.1
-
31
-
-
84888031464
-
Recidivism and programming
-
Retrieved on March 1, 2012, from
-
Hnatiuk, J. (2010). Recidivism and programming. Communiqué 17(34). Retrieved on March 1, 2012, from: http://www. chp. ca/2010/recidivism_and_programming/.
-
(2010)
Communiqué
, vol.17
, Issue.34
-
-
Hnatiuk, J.1
-
34
-
-
44849131287
-
The criminalization of "race" and the racialization of crime
-
W. Chan and K. Mirchandani (Eds.), Peterborough: Broadview
-
Jiwani, Y. (2002). The criminalization of "race" and the racialization of crime. In W. Chan & K. Mirchandani (Eds.), Crimes of color: racialization and the criminal justice system in Canada (pp. 67-86). Peterborough: Broadview.
-
(2002)
Crimes of Color: Racialization and the Criminal Justice System in Canada
, pp. 67-86
-
-
Jiwani, Y.1
-
35
-
-
38749116518
-
The state, criminal law, and racial discrimination: a comment
-
Kennedy, R. L. (1994). The state, criminal law, and racial discrimination: a comment. Harvard Law Review, 107, 1225-1278.
-
(1994)
Harvard Law Review
, vol.107
, pp. 1225-1278
-
-
Kennedy, R.L.1
-
37
-
-
84888065424
-
Addressing racial disparity in incarceration
-
Mauer, M. (2011). Addressing racial disparity in incarceration. The Prison Journal, 91(3), 875-1015.
-
(2011)
The Prison Journal
, vol.91
, Issue.3
, pp. 875-1015
-
-
Mauer, M.1
-
38
-
-
42549147153
-
A 25-year quagmire: the war on drugs and its impact on American society
-
Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from
-
Maurer, M., & King, R. S. (2007). A 25-year quagmire: the war on drugs and its impact on American society. The Sentencing Project. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from: http://www. sentencingproject. org/doc/publications/dp_25yearquagmire. pdf.
-
(2007)
The Sentencing Project
-
-
Maurer, M.1
King, R.S.2
-
39
-
-
79551579321
-
-
Ministry of Justice, Retrieved March 19, 2012, from
-
Ministry of Justice. (2010). Statistics on race and the criminal justice system 2008/09. Retrieved March 19, 2012, from: http://www. justice. gov. uk/statistics/criminal-justice/race.
-
(2010)
Statistics on race and the criminal justice system 2008/09
-
-
-
40
-
-
84856103395
-
-
Office of National Statistics, January 2012. Retrieved on February 10, 2012, from
-
Office of National Statistics (2012). Labor market statistics, January 2012. Retrieved on February 10, 2012, from http://www. ons. gov. uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-statistics/January-2012/index. html.
-
(2012)
Labor market statistics
-
-
-
42
-
-
2642584998
-
Mass imprisonment and the life course: race and class inequality in U.S. incarceration
-
Pettit, B., & Western, B. (2004). Mass imprisonment and the life course: race and class inequality in U. S. incarceration. American Sociological Review, 69, 151-169.
-
(2004)
American Sociological Review
, vol.69
, pp. 151-169
-
-
Pettit, B.1
Western, B.2
-
43
-
-
51749092690
-
-
Pew Center on the StatesRetrieved March 20, 2012 from, Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trust
-
Pew Center on the States. (2009). One in 100: behind bars in America 2008. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trust. Retrieved March 20, 2012 from www. pewcenteronthestates. org/report.
-
(2009)
One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008
-
-
-
44
-
-
77954756012
-
Collateral consequences of criminal convictions: confronting issues of race and dignity
-
Pinard, M. (2010). Collateral consequences of criminal convictions: confronting issues of race and dignity. New York University Law Review, 85(457), 459-533.
-
(2010)
New York University Law Review
, vol.85
, Issue.457
, pp. 459-533
-
-
Pinard, M.1
-
45
-
-
4243333645
-
Singled out
-
(19 October 2002)
-
Rankin, J. (2002). Singled out. The Toronto Star (19 October 2002).
-
(2002)
The Toronto Star
-
-
Rankin, J.1
-
46
-
-
79951693727
-
Race matters: blacks documented by police at high rate
-
(6 February 2010), online
-
Rankin, J. (2010). Race matters: blacks documented by police at high rate. The Toronto Star (6 February 2010), online: http://www. thestar. com/specialsections/raceandcrime/article/761343--race-matters-blacksdocumented-by-police-at-high-rate.
-
(2010)
The Toronto Star
-
-
Rankin, J.1
-
48
-
-
77950951002
-
Constructing a criminal justice system free of racial bias: an abolitionist framework
-
Roberts, D. (2008). Constructing a criminal justice system free of racial bias: an abolitionist framework. Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 39(261), 261-286.
-
(2008)
Columbia Human Rights Law Review
, vol.39
, Issue.261
, pp. 261-286
-
-
Roberts, D.1
-
49
-
-
84888036061
-
-
Center for Economic and Policy Research. Retrieved on April 10, 2012 from
-
Schmitt, J., & Warner, K. (2010). Ex-offenders and the labor market. Center for Economic and Policy Research. Retrieved on April 10, 2012 from http://www. cepr. net/documents/publications/ex-offenders-2010-11. pdf.
-
(2010)
Ex-offenders and the labor market
-
-
Schmitt, J.1
Warner, K.2
-
52
-
-
84888028683
-
-
Juristat Canadian Center for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 85-002-XIE, Retrieved January 20, 2012 from
-
Silver, W. (2006). Crime statistics in Canada, 2006. Juristat Canadian Center for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 85-002-XIE, Vol. 27, no. 5. Retrieved January 20, 2012 from http://www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007005-eng. pdf.
-
(2006)
Crime statistics in Canada, 2006
, vol.27
, Issue.5
-
-
Silver, W.1
-
53
-
-
84888035692
-
-
Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from
-
Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice. (2005). A Home Office Publication. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from: www. statewatch. org/news/2006/mar/s95race05pdf.
-
(2005)
A Home Office Publication
-
-
-
54
-
-
78651521389
-
-
The Pew Charitable TrustsRetrieved March 20, 2012 from, Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts
-
The Pew Charitable Trusts. (2010). Collateral costs: incarceration's effect on economic mobility. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved March 20, 2012 from http://www. pewtrusts. org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/Economic_Mobility/Collateral%20Costs%20FINAL. pdf.
-
(2010)
Collateral Costs: Incarceration's Effect on Economic Mobility
-
-
-
55
-
-
84893047322
-
A profile of visible minority offenders in the federal Canadian correctional system
-
Retrieved on March 7, 2012 from
-
Trevethan, S. & Rastin, C. J. (2004). A profile of visible minority offenders in the federal Canadian correctional system. Research Branch Correctional Services of Canada. Retrieved on March 7, 2012 from http://www. csc-text/rsrch/reports/r144/r144_e. pdf.
-
(2004)
Research Branch Correctional Services of Canada
-
-
Trevethan, S.1
Rastin, C.J.2
-
56
-
-
84888071132
-
-
U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from
-
U. S. Census Bureau. (2010). The black population: 2010 Census brief. Retrieved on March 1, 2012 from: http://2010. census. gov/2010census/data.
-
(2010)
The black population: 2010 Census brief
-
-
-
59
-
-
0005674180
-
-
Retrieved on March 2, 2012, from, Ottawa: The Canadian Historical Society
-
Walker, J. W. (1985). Racial discrimination in Canada: the black experience. Ottawa: The Canadian Historical Society. Retrieved on March 2, 2012, from http://www. collectionscanada. gc. ca/obj/008004/f2/H-41_en. pdf?PHPSESSID=2ltkhe1muhccdo9be0aij5l383.
-
(1985)
Racial Discrimination in Canada: The Black Experience
-
-
Walker, J.W.1
-
61
-
-
67650950000
-
Parental imprisonment, the prison boom, and the concentration of childhood disadvantage
-
Wildeman, C. (2009). Parental imprisonment, the prison boom, and the concentration of childhood disadvantage. Demography, 46, 265-280.
-
(2009)
Demography
, vol.46
, pp. 265-280
-
-
Wildeman, C.1
|