The Cumbrae Islands: A structural Rosetta Stone in the western offshore Midland Valley of Scotland

Scottish Journal of Geology

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 117-132

  Caldwell, W G E ^a   Young, G M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBONIFEROUS; DEVONIAN; FAULT; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; HOLOCENE; LAVA; OUTCROP; PALEOGENE; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TOPOGRAPHY;

MIDLAND VALLEY; SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84888070488     PISSN: 00369276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/sjg2011-462     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Bel, B.R. & Wiliamson, I.T. 2002. Tertiary igneous activity. In Trewin, N.H. (ed.) The Geology of Scotland (4th edn). Geological Society. London, 371-401.
2. Bluck, B.J. 1978. Sedimentation in a late orogenic basin: The Old Red Sandstone of the Midland Valley of Scotland. In Bowes, D.R. & Leake, B.E. (eds) Crustal Evolution in Northwestern Britain and Adjacent Regions. Geological Journal, Special Issue, 10, 249-278.
3. Bluck, B.J. 1980. Evolution of a strike-slip, fault-controlled basin, Upper Old Red Sandstone, Scotland. In Reading, H.G. & Balance, P. F (eds) Sedimentation in Oblique-Slip Mobile Zones. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publications, 4, 63-78. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
4. Bluck, B.J. 2002. The Midland Valley terrane. In Trewin, N.H. (ed.) The Geology of Scotland (4th edn). Geological Society, London, 149-166.
5. Bluck, B.J. 2010. The Highland Boundary Fault and the Highland Border Complex. Scottish Journal of Geology, 46, 113-124.
6. British Geological Survey. 1985. Solid geology of the Clyde Sheet, 55°N/6° W, 1:250,000 Series. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
7. British Geological Survey (Scotland). 1987. Geological map of Arran (Special District), Solid Edition, 1:50,000 Series. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
8. British Geological Survey. 1990. Greenock, Scotland, Sheet 30W and part of 29E. Solid Edition, 1:50 000 Series. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
9. British Geological Survey. 1996. Tectonic map of Britain, Ireland, and adjacent areas, Pharaoh, T.C., Morris, J.H., Long, G.B. and Ryan, P.D. (compilers), 1:1 500 000. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham:.
10. British Geological Survey. 2006. Scotland, Irvine, Sheet 22W and part of 21E. Bedrock, 1:50,000. Geology Series. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
11. British Geological Survey. 2008. Scotland, Dunoon and Millport, Sheet 29E and part 21E. Bedrock and Superficial Deposits, 1:50,000. Geology Series. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
12. Brown, H.J.W. 1929. Dykes and associated intrusions of the Island of Bute. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 18(3), 388-419.
13. Browne, M.A.E., Dean, M.T., Hal, I.H.S., McAdam, A.D., Monro, S.K. & Chisholm, J.I. 1999. A lithostratigraphical framework for the Carboniferous rocks of the Midland Valley of Scotland. British Geological Survey, Research Report, RR/99/07.
14. Browne, M.A.E., Monaghan, A.A., Ritchie, J.D., Underhil, J.R., Hooper, M.D., Smith, R.A. & Akhurst, M.C. 2003. Revised tectono-stratigraphical framework for the Carboniferous of the Midland Valley of Scotland, U.K. In XVth International Congress on Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 68-70.
15. Caldwel, W.G.E. 1958. Great Cumbrae. In Bassett, D.A. Excursion Guide to the Glasgow District. Titus Wilson & Son, Ltd, Kendal, 47-52.
16. Caldwel, W.G.E. 1973. The Cumbrae Islands. In Bluck, B.J. (ed.) Geology of the Glasgow District. Geological Society of Glasgow, Robert MacLehose and Co. Ltd for the University Press, 141-156.
17. Caldwel, W.G.E. 1975. The geological history of the Cumbrae Islands. In Campbell, J.R.D. Millport and the Cumbraes: A History and Guide. Glasgow, Gilmour and Lawrence Ltd, 111-116, 120-121.
18. Caldwel, W.G.E. & Young, G.M. 2011. The Early Carboniferous volcanic outliers of Little Cumbrae and South Bute: Implications for westward attenuation of the Clyde Lava Plateau. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Science, 102, 59-76.
19. Caldwel, W.G.E. & Young, G.M. 2012. Early Carboniferous minor intrusions of the Clyde Plateau: New data from the Cumbrae islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Science, 102, 227-251.
20. Caldwel, W.G.E. & Young, G.M. 2013. Structural controls in the western off-shore Midland Valley of Scotland: implications for tectonic evolution. Geological Magazine, 150, 673-698, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756812000878.
21. Cameron, I.B. & Stephenson, D. 1985. British Regional Geology. The Midland Valley of Scotland (3rd edn). HMSO, London.
22. Chew, D.M., Daly, J.S., Magna, T., Page, L.M., Kirkland, C.L., Whitehouse, M.J. & Lam, R. 2010. Timing of ophiolite obduction in the Grampian Orogen. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 122, 1787-1799.
23. Cooper, M.R., Anderson, H., Walsh, J.J., Van Dam, C.L., Young, M.E., Earls, G. & Walker, A. 2012. Palaeogene Alpine tectonics and Icelandic plume-related magmatism and deformation in Northern Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 169, 29-36.
24. Coward, M.P. 1993. The effect of late Caledonian and Variscan continental escape tectonics on basement structure, Palaeozoic basin kinematics, and subsequent Mesozoic basin development in NW Europe. In Parker, J.R. (ed.) Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe. Proceedings of the 4th Conference. Geological Society, London,1095-1108.
25. Dagley, P., Skelhorn, R.R., Muset, A.E., James, S. & Walsh, J.N. 2008. The Cleveland Dyke in southern Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 44(2), 123-138.
26. Dean, M.T., Browne, M.A.E., Waters, C.N. & Powel, J.H. 2011. A lithostratigraphical framework for the Carboniferous successions of northern Great Britain (onshore). British Geological Survey, Research Report, RR/10/07. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
27. Deegan, C.E. 1978. Interpretation of shallow seismic data on Sheet 55°EN/6°EW, with comments on the IGS seaborne magnetic results. In McLean, A.C. & Deegan, C.E. (eds) The Solid Geology of the Clyde Sheet (55°N6° W), 49-64. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences 73/9. HMSO, London.
28. Eldholm, O. & Grue, K. 1999. North Atlantic volcanic margins: Dimensions and production. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 2953-2968.
29. Emeleus, C.H. & Bel, B.R. 2005. British Regional Geology: The Palaeogene Volcanic Districts of Scotland (4th edn). British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
30. Emeleus, C.H. & Gyopari, M.C. 1992. British Tertiary Igneous Province. Geological Conservation Review Series, 4. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. Chapman and Hall, London.
31. Geikie, A. 1897. The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, I. McMillan, London.
32. George, T.N. 1960. The stratigraphical evolution of the Midland Valley. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 24, 32-107.
33. Goodenough, K.M., Stephenson, D. & Loughlin, S.C. 2003. Tectonic setting and evolution. In Carboniferous and Permian Igneous Rocks of Great Britain North of the Variscan Front. Geological Conservation Review Series, 27, 15-21. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.
34. Gun, W., Clough, C.T. & Hil, J.B. 1897. The Geology of Cowal, including the part of Argyllshire between the Clyde and Loch Fyne. Memoir of the Geological Survey, Scotland. Neill & Co. for HMSO, Edinburgh.
35. Gun, W., Geikie, A., Peach, B.N. & Harker, A. 1903. The Geology of North Arran, South Bute, and the Cumbraes, with parts of Ayrshire and Kintyre. Memoir of the Geological Survey, Scotland (Sheet 21). James Hedderwick & Sons for HMSO, Glasgow, 1-9, 12-16, 18-34, 37-63, 67-101, 128-136, 139-140, 142-144, 146-154.
36. Harker, A. 1903. Petrography of the Tertiary igneous rocks of Arran, southern Bute, and the Cumbrae islands. In Gunn, W., Geikie, A., Peach, B. N. & Harker, A., The Geology of North Arran, South Bute, and the Cumbraes, with parts of Ayrshire and Kintyre, 103-127. Memoir of the Geological Survey, Scotland (Sheet 21). James Hedderwick & Sons for HMSO, Glasgow.
37. Henderson, W.G., Taner, P.W.G. & Strachan, R.A. 2009. The Highland Border Ophiolite Complex of Scotland: Observations from the Highland Workshop excursion of April, 2008 Scottish Journal of Geology, 45, 13-18.
38. Hornung, G., Al-Ani, A. & Stewart, R.M. 1966. The composition and emplacement of the Cleveland Dyke. Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association, 7, 232-249.
39. Johnstone, G.S. 1965. The volcanic rocks of the Misty Law-Knockside Hills district, Renfrewshire. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 22, 53-64.
40. Leeder, M.R. 1982. Upper Palaeozoic basins of the British Isles-Caledonian inheritance versus Hercynian plate marginal processes. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 479-491.
41. Leeder, M.R. & McMahon, A.H. 1988. Upper Carboniferous (Silesian) basin subsidence in northern Britain. In Besley, B.M. & Kelling, G. (eds), Sedimentation in a synorogenic Basin Complex: The Upper Carboniferous of Northwestern Europe. Blackie and Sons, Glasgow, 43-52.
42. Macdonald, R., Gotfried, D., Farington, M.J., Brown, F.W. & Skiner, N.G. 1981. The geochemistry of a continental tholeiitic suite: Late Palaeozoic quartz-dolerite dykes of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 72, 75-88.
43. Macdonald, R., Wilson, L., Thorpe, R.S. & Martin, A. 1988. Emplacement of the Cleveland Dyke: Evidence from geochemistry, mineralogy, and physical modeling. Journal of Petrology, 29, 559-583.
44. Macdonald, R. & Fetes, D.J. 2007. The tectonomagmatic evolution of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 97, 213-295.
45. Maynard, J.R., Hofman, W., Dunay, R.E., Benthan, P.N., Dean, K.P. & Watson, I. 1997. The Carboniferous of Western Europe: The development of a petroleum system. Petroleum Geoscience, 3, 95-115.
46. McCalien, W.J. 1938. Geology of Glasgow and District. Blackie and Son Ltd, Glasgow.
47. McKenzie, D.P. 1978. Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 40, 25-32.
48. McLean, A.C. & Deegan, C.E. 1978. A synthesis of the solid geology of the Firth of Clyde region. In McLean, A.C. & Deegan, C.E. (eds) The Solid Geology of the Clyde Sheet (55° N/6° W), 93-114. Institute of Geological Sciences, Report 78/9. HMSO, London.
49. McLean, A.C. & Walker, J. 1978. Gravity and magnetic surveys of the upper Firth of Clyde and Bute. In McLean, A.C. & Deegan, C.E. (eds) The Solid Geology of the Clyde Sheet (55° N/6° W), 29-42. Institute of Geological Sciences, Report 78/9. HMSO, London.
50. McLean, A.C. & Wren, A.E. 1978. Gravity and magnetic studies of the lower Firth of Clyde. In McLean, A.C. & Deegan, C.E. (eds) The Solid Geology of the Clyde Sheet (55° N/6° W), 7-27. Institute of Geological Sciences, Report 78/9. HMSO, London.
51. McLean, A.C., Deegan, C.E. & Wren, A.E. 1978. Introduction. In McLean, A.C. & Deegan, C.E. (eds) The Solid Geology of the Clyde Sheet (55° N/6° W), 1-5. Institute of Geological Sciences, Report 78/9. HMSO, London.
52. Monaghan, A.A. & Parish, R.R. 2006. Geochronology of Carboniferous-Permian magmatism in the Midland Valley of Scotland: Implications for regional tectono-magmatic evolution and the numerical time-scale. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 163, 15-28.
53. Monro, S.K. 1999. Geology of the Irvine District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 22W and part of Sheet, 21E. HMSO, London.
54. Paterson, I.B. & Hal, I.H.S. 1986. Lithostratigraphy of the late Devonian and early Carboniferous rocks in the Midland Valley of Scotland. British Geological Survey, Report 18. HMSO, London.
55. Paterson, I.B., Hal, I.H.S. & Stephenson, D. 1990. Geology of the Greenock District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 30W and part of Sheet, 29E. The Stationery Office, London.
56. Paterson, E.M. 1949. The Old Red Sandstone rocks of the West Kilbride-Largs district, Ayrshire. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 21, 207-236.
57. Paterson, E.M. 1952. Notes on the tectonics of the Greenock-Largs uplands and the Cumbraes. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 21, 421-435.
58. Paterson, E.M. 1992. Excursion 14: Greenock to Largs. In Lawson, J.D. & Weedon, D.S. (eds) Geological Excursions around Glasgow and Girvan, 186-192.
59. Quin, M.F. 2006. Lough Neagh: The site of a Cenozoic pullapart basin. Scottish Journal of Geology, 42, 101-112.
60. Qureshi, I.R. 1970. A gravity survey in the region of the Highland Boundary Fault in Scotland. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 125, 481-502.
61. Read, W.A. 1988. Controls on Silesian sedimentation in the Midland Valley of Scotland. In Besly, B.M. & Kelling, G. (eds) Sedimentation in a Synorogenic Basin Complex: The Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe. Blackie & Son, Glasgow, 222-241.
62. Read, W.A., Browne, M.A.E., Stephenson, D. & Upton, B.G.J. 2002. Carboniferous. In Trewin, N.H. (ed.) The Geology of Scotland (4th edn). Geological Society, London, 251-299.
63. Richey, J.E. 1939. The dykes of Scotland. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 13, 393-435.
64. Ritchie, J.D., Johnson, H., Browne, M.A.E. & Monaghan, A.A. 2003. Late Devonian-Carboniferous tectonic evolution within the Firth of Forth, Midland Valley, as revealed from 2D seismic reflection data. Scottish Journal of Geology, 39, 121-134.
65. Ripon, J., Read, W.A. & Park, R.G. 1996. The Ochil Fault and the Kincardine Basin: Key structures in the tectonic evolution of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 573-587.
66. Saunders, A.D., Fiton, J.G., Ker, A.C., Nory, M.J. & Kent, R.W. 1997. The North Atlantic Igneous Province. In Mahoney, J.J. & Coffin, M.F. (eds) Large Igneous Provinces. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph, 100, 45-94.
67. Stephenson, D. 1990. Petrographic characteristics of the Clyde Plateau lavas in the Renfrewshire Hills (Chapter 5) and of intrusive igneous rocks (Chapter 6). In Paterson, I.B., Hall, I.H.S. & Stephenson, D. Geology of the Greenock District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 30W and part of Sheet 29E (Scotland). HMSO, London.
68. Stephenson, D. 1999. Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation (Chapter 7, part) and intrusive igneous rocks (Chapter 12). In Monro, S.K. Geology of the Irvine District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 22W and part of Sheet 21E (Scotland). HMSO, London.
69. Stephenson, D., Mendum, J.R., Fetes, D.J. & Leslie, A.G. 2013. The Dalradian rocks of Scotland: An introduction. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 124, 3-83, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.06.002.
70. Thompson, R.N. & Gibson, S.A. 1991. Subcontinental mantle plumes, hot spots and pre-existing thin spots. Journal of Geophysical Research, 148, 973-977.
71. Trewin, N.H. & Rolin, K.E. 2002. Geological history and structure of Scotland. In Trewin, N.H. (ed.) The Geology of Scotland (4th edn). Geological Society, London, 1-25.
72. Tyrel, G.W. 1909. The classification of the post-Carboniferous intrusive igneous rocks of the west of Scotland. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 13, 298-317.
73. Tyrel, G.W. 1917a. The trachytic and allied rocks of the Clyde Carboniferous Lava-Plateaus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 36, 288-299.
74. Tyrel, G.W. 1917b. Some Tertiary dykes of the Clyde area. Geological Magazine, n.s., 4, 305-315,350-355
75. Tyrel, G.W. 1918. The igneous geology of the Cumbrae Islands, Firth of Clyde. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 16, 244-274.
76. Tyrel, G.W. 1923. Classification and age of the analcite-bearing igneous rocks of Scotland. Geological Magazine, 60, 249-260.
77. Tyrel, G.W. 1928. The Geology of Arran. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Scotland. HMSO, Edinburgh.
78. Underhil, J.R., Monaghan, A.A. & Browne, M.A.E. 2008. Controls on structural styles, basin development, and petroleum prospectivity in the Midland Valley of Scotland. Maritime and Petroleum Geology, 25, 1000-1022.
79. United Kingdom National Hydrographic Service. 2007. Admiralty Leisure Charts, SC5610. Firth of Clyde (2nd edn). UK National Hydrographic Service, Taunton.
80. Upton, B.G.J., Stephenson, D., Smedley, P.M., Walis, S.M. & Fiton, J.G. 2004. Carboniferous and Permian magmatism in Scotland. In Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R., Davies, G.R., Timmerman, M.J., Heeremans, M. & Larsen, B.T. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 195-218.
81. Walker, F. 1935. The late Palaeozoic quartz dolerites and tholeiites of Scotland. Mineralogical Magazine, 24, 131-159.
82. Walker, G.P.L. 1993. Re-evaluation of inclined intrusive sheets and dykes in the Cuillins volcano, Isle of Skye. In Pritchard, A.M., Alabaster, T., Harris, N.B.W. & Neary, C.R. (eds) Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76, 489-497.
83. Waters, C.N., Browne, M.A.E., Waters, C., Dean, M.T. & Powel, J.H. 2007. Lithostratigraphical framework for Carboniferous successions of Great Britain (onshore). British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/07/01. Keyworth, Nottingham.
84. Weedon, D.S. 1992. Excursion 15. Great Cumbrae. In Lawson, J.D. & Weedon, D.S. (eds) Geological Excursions around Glasgow and Girvan. Geological Society of Glasgow, 193-199.
85. White, R.S. 1989. Initiation of the Iceland plume and opening of the North Atlantic. In Tankard, A.J. & Balkwill, H.R. (eds) Extensional Tectonics and Stratigraphy of the North Atlantic Margins. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 46, 149-154.
86. Wilson, C.D.V. 1978. A geophysical survey of South Kintyre. Scottish Journal of Geology, 14, 171-183.
87. Young, G.M. & Caldwel, W.G.E. 2011a. Stratigraphical context and geochemistry of Tournaisian (pre-Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation) tuffs, Great Cumbrae, western Midland Valley of Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 47(1), 21-32.
88. Young, G.M. & Caldwel, W.G.E. 2011b. Early Carboniferous stratigraphy in the Firth of Clyde area: New information from the Isle of Bute. Scottish Journal of Geology, 47(2), 143-156
89. Young, G.M. & Caldwel, W.G.E. 2011c. Stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Early Carboniferous Clyde Plateau lavas in south Bute, Midland Valley of Scotland. Geological Magazine, 148(4), 597-618.
90. Young, G.M. & Caldwel, W.G.E. 2011d. The Northeast Arran Trough, the Corrie conundrum, and the Highland Boundary Fault in the Firth of Clyde, SW Scotland. Geological Magazine. 149, 578-589