Geochronology of Carboniferous-Permian magmatism in the Midland Valley of Scotland: Implications for regional tectonomagmatic evolution and the numerical time scale

Journal of the Geological Society

Volumn 163, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 15-28

  Monaghan, Alison A ^a   Parrish, R R ^a  

^a BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHRONOLOGY; MAGMATISM; PALEOZOIC; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TIMESCALE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; MIDLAND VALLEY; SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 29244474379     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/0016-764904-142     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Anderson, T.B., Parnell, J. & Ruffell, A.H. 1995. Influence of basement on the geometry of Permo-Triassic basins in the northwest British Isles. In: Boldy, S.A.R. (ed.) Permian and Triassic Rifting in Northwest Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91, 103-122.
2. Arthaud, F. & Matte, P. 1977. Late Palaeozoic strike-slip faulting in southern Europe and northern Africa: result of right-lateral shear between the Appalachians and the Urals. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 88, 1305-1320.
3. Bateman, R.M. & Scott, A.C. 1990. A reappraisal of the Dinantian floras at Oxroad Bay, East Lothian, Scotland; volcanicity, palaeoenvironments and palaeoecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 81, 161-194.
4. BGS 1983. Sheet 33W and part of 41 Haddington, solid edition 1:50 000 series (Scotland).
5. BGS 1990. Sheet 30W and part of 29E Greenock, solid edition 1:50 000 series (Scotland).
6. BGS 1993. Sheet 30E Glasgow, solid edition 1:50 000 series (Scotland).
7. BGS 1998a. Sheet 32W Livingston, solid edition (electrostatic plot), 1:50 000 series (Scotland).
8. BGS 1998b. Sheet 22W and part of 21E Irvine, solid edition 1:50 000 series (Scotland).
9. BGS 2002. Sheet 22E Kilmarnock, solid edition 1:50 000 series (Scotland).
10. BGS 2004. Sheet 32E Edinburgh, solid edition 1:50 000 series (Scotland).
11. Black, L.P., Kamo, S.L., Williams, I.S., Mundil, R., Davis, D.W., Korsch, R.J. & Foudoulis, C. 2003. The application of SHRIMP to Phanerozoic geochronology; a critical appraisal of four zircon standards. Chemical Geology, 200, 171-188.
12. Browne, M.A.E. & Monro, S.K. 1989. Evolution of the coal basins of Central Scotland. In: Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère, 1987, Beijing. Nanjing University Press, Nanjing, 1-19.
13. Browne, M. A. E. & Woodhall, D. G. 1999. Geology of the Kirkcaldy district - a brief explanation of the geological map. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, 1:50 000 Series. Sheet 40E (Scotland).
14. Browne, M.A.E., Dean, M.T., Hall, I.H.S., McAdam, A.D., Monro, S.K. & Chisholm, J.I. 1999. A lithostratigraphical framework for the Carboniferous rocks of the Midland Valley of Scotland. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/99/07.
15. Burger, K., Hess, J.C. & Lippolt, H.J. 1987. Tephrochronologie von Kaolin-Kohlentonsteinen: Mittel zur Korrelation paralischer und limnischer Ablagerungen des Oberkarbons. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A147, 3-39.
16. Cameron, I.B. & Stephenson, D. 1985. British Regional Geology: the Midland Valley of Scotland, 3rd. HMSO, London, for the British Geological Survey.
17. Chadwick, R.A., Holliday, D.W., Holloway, S. & Hulbert, A.G. 1995. The Structure and Evolution of the Northumberland-Solway Basin and Adjacent Areas. Subsurface Memoir of the British Geological Survey.
18. Clayton, G., McLean, D. & Owens, B. 2003. Carboniferous palynostratigraphy: recent developments in Europe. In: Abstracts of the XVth International Congress on Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy, Utrecht. 114-115.
19. Corfield, S.M., Gawthorpe, R.L., Gage, M., Fraser, A.J. & Besly, B.M. 1996. Inversion tectonics of the Variscan foreland of the British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 17-32.
20. Coward, M.P. 1993. The effect of Late Caledonian and Variscan continental escape tectonics on basement structure, Palaeozoic basin kinematics and subsequent Mesozoic basin development in NW Europe. In: Parker, J.R. (ed.) Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference. Geological Society, London, 1095-1108.
21. Coward, M.P. 1995. Structural and tectonic setting of the Permo-Triassic basins of northwest Europe. In: Boldy, S.A.R. (ed.) Permian and Triassic Rifting in Northwest Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91, 7-39.
22. Day, T.C. 1928. Chemical analyses of quartz-dolerites and segregation veins at Hound Point, North Queensferry and Inverkeithing. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 12, 80-86.
23. De Paola, N., Holdsworth, R.E. & McCaffrey, K.J.W. 2004. The recognition of transtension, strain partitioning and reactivation in the Northumberland Basin: an alternative to inversion models. Geophysical Research Abstracts, European Geosciences Union, 6, Sref-ID 1607-7962/gra/ EGU04-A-06970.
24. De Souza, H.A.F. 1974. Potassium-argon ages of Carboniferous igneous rocks from East Lothian and the south of Scotland. MSc thesis, University of Leeds.
25. De Souza, H.A.F. 1979. The geochronology of Scottish Carboniferous volcanism. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.
26. De Souza, H.A.F. 1982. Age data from Scotland and the Carboniferous timescale. In: Odin, G.S. (ed.) Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy. I Wiley, Chicester, 455-465.
27. Dewey, J.F. 1982. Plate tectonics and the evolution of the British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 371-412.
28. Dunham, K.C. 1932. Quartz-dolerite pebbles (Whin Sill) in the Upper Brockram. Geological Magazine, 69, 425-427.
29. El-Harathi, R.M. & Tarling, D.H. 1988. A magnetic study of the Holy Island dyke system, Northumberland. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumbria, 55, 12-19.
30. Ernst, R. & Buchan, K.L. 1997. Giant radiating dyke swarms; their use in identifying pre-Mesozoic large igneous provinces and mantle plumes. In: Mahoney, J.J. & Coffin, M.F. (eds) Large Igneous Provinces; Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism. Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union, 100, 297-333.
31. Fitch, F.J. & Miller, J.A. 1967. The age of the Whin Sill. Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal, 5, 233-250.
32. Fitch, F.J., Miller, J.A. & Williams, S.C. 1970. Isotopic ages of British Carboniferous rocks. In: Comptes Rendus, 6e Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifere, Sheffield, 1967. 2, 771-790.
33. Fraser, A.J. & Gawthorpe, R.L. (eds) 2003. An Atlas of Carboniferous Basin Evolution in Northern England. Geological Society of London, Memoirs, 28.
34. Gradstein, F.M. & Ogg, J.G. 1996. A Phanerozoic time scale. Episodes, 19, 3-5.
35. Hall, I.H.S., Browne, M.A.E. & Forsyth, I.H. 1998. Geology of the Glasgow District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 30E (Scotland).
36. Heaman, L. & Parrish, R.R. 1991. U-Pb geochonology of accessory minerals. In: Heaman, L. & Ludden, J.N. (eds) Applications of Radiogenic Isotope Systems to Problems in Geology. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Handbook, 19, 59-102.
37. Heeremans, M., Timmerman, M.J., Kirstein, L.A. & Faleide, J.I. 2004. New constraints on the timing of late Carboniferous-early Permian volcanism in the central North Sea. In: Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R. & Davies, G.R. et al. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 177-194.
38. 39Ar ages of tonsteins and tuff sanidines: new calibration points for the improvement of the Upper Carboniferous timescale. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 59, 143-154.
39. Higgs, K.T., McPhilmeny, B., Keegan, J.B. & Clayton, G. 1988. New data on palynological boundaries within the Irish Dinantian. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 56, 61-68.
40. Hooper, M. 2004. The Carboniferous evolution of the Central Coalfield Basin, Midland Valley of Scotland: implications for basin formation and the regional tectonic setting. PhD thesis, University of Leicester.
41. ICS-IUGS. 2004. International Stratigraphic Chart. http:// www.stratigraphy.org/
42. 238U. Physics Reviews, C4, 1889-1906.
43. Johnson, G.A.L. & Dunham, K.C. 2001. Emplacement of the Great Whin Dolerite Complex and the Little Whin Sill in relation to the structure of northern England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 53, 177-186.
44. Kirstein, L.A., Dunai, T.J., Davies, G.R., Upton, B.G.J. & Nikogosian, I.K. 2004. Helium isotope signature of lithospheric mantle xenoliths from the Permo-Carboniferous magmatic province in Scotland - no evidence for a lower-mantle plume. In: Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R. & Davies, G.R. et al. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 243-258.
45. Krogh, T.E. 1973. A low contamination method for the hydrothermal decomposition of zircon and extraction of U and Pb for isotopic age determinations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 485-494.
46. Krogh, T.E. 1982. Improved accuracy of U-Pb zircon ages by the creation of more concordant systems using an air abrasion technique. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46, 637-649.
47. Leeder, M.R. 1982. Upper Palaeozoic basins of the British Isles - Caledonian inheritance versus Hercynian plate marginal processes. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 479-491.
48. Ludwig, K.R. 1998. On the treatment of concordant uranium-lead ages. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 665-676.
49. McAdam, A.D. & Tulloch, W. 1985. Geology of the Haddington District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 33W and part of Sheet 41 (Scotland).
50. Menning, M. & German Stratigraphic Commission, 2002. A geologic time scale 2002. In: German Stratigraphic Commission, (ed.) Stratigraphic Table of Germany. German Stratigraphic Commission, Potsdam.
51. Menning, M., Weyer, D., Drozdzewski, G., Van Amerom, H.W.J. & Wendt, I. 2000. A Carboniferous timescale 2000: discussion and use of geological parameters as time indicators from central and western Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A156, 3-44.
52. Min, K., Mundil, R., Renne, P. & Ludwig, K. 2000. A test for systematic errors through comparison with U-Pb analysis of a 1.1 Ga rhyolite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 73-98.
53. Mitchell, W.I. 2004. The Geology of Northern Ireland - Our Natural Foundation, 2nd. Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Belfast.
54. 39Ar geochronology of Carboniferous-Permian volcanism in the Midland Valley, Scotland. In: Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R. & Davies, G.R. et al. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 219-242.
55. Monro, S.K. 1999. Geology of the Irvine District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 22W and part of Sheet 21E (Scotland).
56. Mykura, W., Calver, M.A. & Wilson, R.B. 1967. The Upper Carboniferous rocks of south-west Ayrshire. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 26, 23-98.
57. Neumann, E.-R., Wilson, M., Heeremans, M., Spencer, E.A., Obst, K., Timmerman, M.J. & Kirstein, L. 2004. Carboniferous-Permian rifting and magmatism in southern Scandinavia, the North Sea and northern Germany: a review. In: Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R. & Davies, G.R. et al. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 11-40.
58. Neves, R., Gueinn, K.J., Clayton, G., Ioannides, N.S., Neville, R.S.W. & Kruszewska, K. 1973. Palynological correlations within the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland and northern England. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 69, 23-70.
59. Noble, S.R., Tucker, R.D. & Pharoah, T.C. 1993. Lower Palaeozoic and Precambrian igneous rocks from eastern England, and their bearing on late Ordovician closure of the Tornquist Sea: constraints from U-Pb and Nd isotopes. Geological Magazine, 130, 835-846.
60. Owens, B. 1980a. Palynological report on Dinantian samples from the I.G.S. Loch Humphrey Borehole. Report of the British Geological Survey, PDL/80/207.
61. Owens, B. 1980b. Palynological report on Dinantian samples from the I.G.S. Lawmuir Borehole. Report of the British Geological Survey, PDL/80/ 216.
62. Parrish, R.R. 1987. An improved micro-capsule for zircon dissolution in U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 66, 99-102.
63. 205Pb for U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience section), 66, 103-110.
64. Parrish, R.R., Roddick, J.C., Loveridge, W.D. & Sullivan, R.W. 1987. Uranium-Lead analytical techniques at the geochronology laboratory. In: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 87-2 3-7.
65. Paterson, I.B., Hall, I.H.S. & Stephenson, D. 1990. Geology of the Greenock District. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 30W and part of Sheet 29E (Scotland).
66. Ramezani, J., Davydov, V.I., Northrup, C.J., Bowring, S.A., Chuvashov, B.I. & Snyder, W.S. 2003. Volcanic ashes in the Upper Paleozoic of the Southern Urals: opportunities for high-precision calibration of the Upper Carboniferous-Cisuralian interval. In: Abstracts of the XVth International Congress on Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy, Utrecht. 431-432.
67. Read, W.A. 1988. Controls on Silesian sedimentation in the Midland Valley of Scotland. In: Besly, B.M. & Kelling, G. (eds) Sedimentation in a Synorogenic Basin Complex: the Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe. Blackie, Glasgow, 222-241.
68. Read, W.A., Browne, M.A.E., Stephenson, D. & Upton, B.J.G. 2002. Carboniferous. In: Trewin, N.H. (ed.) The Geology of Scotland, 4th. Geological Society, London, 251-300.
69. Riley, N.J. 1993. Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous) biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy in the British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150, 427-446.
70. Rippon, J., Read, W.A. & Park, R.G. 1996. The Ochil Fault and the Kincardine basin: key structures in the tectonic evolution of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 573-587.
71. Ritchie, J.D., Johnson, H., Browne, M.A.E. & Monaghan, A.A. 2003. Late Devonian-Carboniferous tectonic evolution within the Firth of Forth, Midland Valley, as revealed from 2D seismic reflection data. Scottish Journal of Geology, 39, 121-134.
72. Roberts, J., Claoué-Long, J. & Jones, P.J. 1995. Australian Early Carboniferous time. In: Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M. & Hardenbol, J. (eds) Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlations. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publications, 54, 23-40.
73. Schmitz, M.D. & Bowring, S.A. 2001. U-Pb and titanite systematics of the Fish Canyon Tuff: an assessment of high-precision U-Pb geochronology and its application to young volcanic rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 2571-2587.
74. Scott, A.C. 1990. Preservation, evolution, and extinction of plants in Lower Carboniferous volcanic sequences in Scotland. In: Lockley, M.G. & Rice, A. (eds) Volcanism and Fossil Biotas. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 244, 25-38.
75. Scott, A.C., Galtier, J. & Clayton, G. 1984. Distribution of anatomically preserved floras in the Lower Carboniferous in Western Europe. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 75, 311-340.
76. Smedley, P. L. 1986. Petrochemistry of Dinantian volcanism in northern Britain. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.
77. Smythe, D.K., Russell, M.J. & Skuce, A.G. 1995. Intra-continental rifting inferred from the major late Carboniferous quartz-dolerite dyke swarm of NW Europe. Scottish Journal of Geology, 31, 151-162.
78. Stacey, J.S. & Kramers, J.D. 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 26, 207-221.
79. Steiger, R.H. & Jäger, E. 1977. Subcommission on geochronology: convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 359-362.
80. Stephenson, D., Loughlin, S.C., Millward, D., Waters, C.N. & Williamson, I.T. 2003. Carboniferous and Permian Igneous Rocks of Great Britain North of the Variscan Front. Geological Conservation Review Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 27.
81. Thomas, D.N., Rolph, T.C. & Shaw, W. 1995. Palaeointensity results from the P-C (Kiaman) reversed superchron: the Great Whin and Midland Valley sills of the northern United Kingdom. Geophysical Journal International, 123, 798-816.
82. Timmerman, M.J. 2004. Timing, geodynamic setting and character of Permo-Carboniferous magmatism in the foreland of the Variscan Orogen, NW Europe. In: Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R. & Davies, G.R. et al. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 41-74.
83. Torsvik, T.H., Lyse, O., Atteras, G. & Bluck, B.J. 1989. Palaeozoic palaeomagnetic results from Scotland and their bearing on the British apparent polar wander path. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 55, 93-105.
84. Treagus, J.E., Pattrick, R.A. & Curtis, S.F. 1999. Movement and mineralisation in the Tyndrum Fault Zone, Scotland and its regional significance. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 591-604.
85. Upton, B.G.J. 1982. Carboniferous to Permian volcanism in the stable foreland. In: Sutherland, D.S. (ed.) Igneous Rocks of the British Isles. Wiley, Chichester, 255-275.
86. Upton, B.G.J., Stephenson, D., Smedley, P.M., Wallis, S.M. & Fitton, J.G. 2004. Carboniferous and Permian magmatism in Scotland. In: Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R. & Davies, G.R. et al. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 195-217.
87. Walker, B.H. & Francis, E.H. 1987. High-level emplacement of an olivine-dolerite sill into Namurian sediments near Cardenden, Fife. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 77, 295-307.
88. Wallis, S. M. 1989. Petrology and geochemistry of Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian volcanic rocks in Scotland. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.
89. Waters, C.N., Glover, B.W. & Powell, J.H. 1994. Structural synthesis of S. Staffordshire, UK: implications for the Variscan evolution of the Pennine Basin. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 151, 697-713.
90. Ziegler, P.A. 1990. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe, 2nd. Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., The Hague.