Group critical incident stress debriefing with emergency services personnel: A randomized controlled trial

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 38-54

  Tuckey, Michelle R ^a   Scott, Jill E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b AusPsych   (Australia)

Author keywords

critical incident stress debriefing; emergency services; psychological debriefing; randomized controlled trial

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRISIS INTERVENTION; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; FIRE FIGHTER; FOLLOW UP; GROUP PROCESS; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESCUE PERSONNEL;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; ALCOHOL DRINKING; AUSTRALIA; CRISIS INTERVENTION; EMERGENCY RESPONDERS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; FIREFIGHTERS; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GROUP PROCESSES; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP; QUESTIONNAIRES; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC;

EID: 84888000547     PISSN: 10615806     EISSN: 14772205     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.809421     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adler, A.B., Bliese, P.D., Mcgurk, D., Hoge, C.W., & Castro, C.A. (2009). Battlemind debriefing and battlemind training as early interventions with soldiers returning from Iraq: Randomization by platoon. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 928-940. doi:10.1037/2157-3905.1.S.66
2. Adler, A.B., Litz, B.T., Castro, C.A., Suvak, M., Thomas, J.L., Burrell, L.,... Bliese, P.D. (2008). A group randomized trial of critical incident stress debriefing provided to U.S. peacekeepers. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 253-263. doi:10.1002/jts.20342
3. Andrews, G., & Slade, T. (2001). Interpreting scores on the Kessler psycholgical distress scale (K10). Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25, 494-497. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00310.x
4. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). National survey of mental health and well-being survey 2007: Summary of results (ABS Cat no. 4326.0). Canberra, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
5. Bacharach, S.B., & Bamberger, P.A. (2007). 9/11 and New York City firefighters' post hoc unit support and control climates: A context theory of the consequences of involvement in traumatic work-related events. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 849-868. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2007.26279180
6. Bisson, J.I., Jenkins, P., Alexander, J., & Bannister, C. (1997). Randomized controlled trial of psychological debriefing for victims of acute burn trauma. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 78-81. doi:10.1192/bjp.171.1.78
7. Bond, S.A., Tuckey, M.R., & Dollard, M.F. (2010). Psychosocial safety climate, workplace bullying, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Organization Development Journal, 28, 37-56. Retrieved from http://www.questia.com/library/1P3-1979164161/psychosocial-safety-climate-workplace-bullying-and
8. Castro, C.A., & Adler, A.B. (2011). Re-conceptualizing combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder as an occupational hazard. In A.B. Adler, P.B. Bliese, & C.A. Castro (Eds.), Deployment psychology: Evidence-based strategies to promote mental health in the military (pp. 217-242). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
9. Corneil, W., Beaton, R., Murphy, S., Johnson, C., & Pike, K. (1999). Exposure to traumatic incidents and relevance of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban firefighters in two countries. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 131-141. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.4.2.131
10. Deahl, M., Srinivasan, M., Jones, N., Thomas, J., Neblett, C., & Jolly, A. (2001). Evaluating psychological debriefing: Are we measuring the right outcomes?. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 527-529. doi:10.1023/A:1011160606866
11. Devilly, G.J., & Annab, R. (2008). A randomised controlled trial of group debriefing. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 42-56. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.09.003
12. Devilly, G.J., & Cotton, P. (2003). Psychological debriefing and the workplace: Defining a concept, controversies and guidelines for intervention. Australian Psychologist, 38, 144-150. doi:10.1080/00050060310001707147
13. Devilly, G.J., & Cotton, P. (2004). Caveat emptor, caveat venditor, and critical incident stress debriefing/management (CISD/M). Australian Psychologist, 39, 35-40. doi:10.1080/00050060410001660317
14. Endicott, J., Nee, J., Harrison, W., & Blumenthal, R. (1993). Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: A new measure. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 29, 321-326.
15. Endicott, J., Nee, J., Yang, Y., & Wholberg, C. (2006). Pediatric quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q): Reliability and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 401-407. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000198590.38325.81
16. Everly, G.S., Flannery, R.B., & Mitchell, J.T. (2000). Critical incident stress management (CISM): A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5, 23-40. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00026-3
17. Helzer, J.E., Robins, L.N., McEvoy, L. (1987). Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. New England Journal of Medicine, 317, 1630-1634. doi:10.1056/NEJM198712243172604
18. Hawker, D.M., Durkin, J., & Hawker, D.S.J. (2011). To debrief or not to debrief our heroes: That is the question. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18, 453-463. doi:10.1002/cpp.730
19. Hofmann, D.A. (1997). An overview of the logical and rationale of hierarchical linear models. Journal of Management, 23, 723-744. doi:10.1177/014920639702300602
20. Hox J. (1995). Applied multilevel analysis. Amsterdam: TT-Publikaties.
21. Janoff-Bulmann, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press.
22. Jeanette, J. M, & Scoboria, A. (2008). Firefighter preferences regarding post-incident intervention. Work & Stress, 22, 314-326. doi:10.1080/02678370802564231
23. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., & Walters, E.E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593-602. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
24. Litz, B., Gray, M., Bryant, R., & Adler, A. (2002). Early intervention for trauma: Current status and future directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 112-134. doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.2.112
25. McFarlane, A.C. (1988). The longitudinal course of posttraumatic morbidity: The range of outcomes and their predictors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176, 30-39. doi:10.1097/00005053-198801000-00004
26. McLennan, J. (2004). Profiles of Australia's volunteer firefighters (revised) (Report No. 3 in the Bushfire CRC Enhancing Volunteer Recruitment and Retention Project). Bundoora, Victoria: Bushfire CRC, Latrobe University.
27. Marmar, C.R., Weiss, D.S., Metler, T.J., Ronfeldt, H. M, & Foreman, C. (1996). Stress responses of emergency services personnel to the Loma Prieta Earthquake Interstate 880 freeway collapse and control traumatic incidents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 63-85. doi:10.1002/jts.2490090107
28. Mitchell, J. (1983a). Guidelines for psychological debriefing. Emergency management course manual. Emmitsburg, MD: Emergency Management Agency, Emergency Management Institute.
29. Mitchell, J. (1983b). When disaster strikes... The critical incident stress debriefing process. Journal of Emergency Medical Services, 8, 36-39.
30. Mitchell, J.T., & Bray, G.P. (1990). Emergency services stress: Guidelines for preserving the health and careers of emergency services personnel. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
31. Mitchell, J.T., & Everly, G.S. Jr. (1993). Critical incident stress debriefing: An operations manual for the prevention of traumatic stress among emergency services and disaster workers. Ellicott City, MD: Chevron Publishing Corporation.
32. Ørner, R.J. (1995). Intervention strategies for emergency response groups: A new conceptual framework. In S.E. Hobfoll & M.W. de Vries (Eds.), Extreme stress and communities: Impact and intervention (pp. 499-521). London: Kluwer Academic.
33. Rasbash, J., Steele, F., Browne, W., & Goldstein, H. (2008). A users's guide to MLWiN. London: Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol.
34. Raver, C.C., Jones, S.M., Li-Grining, C., Zahi, F., Metzger, M.W., & Solomon, B. (2009). Targeting children's behavior problems in preschool classrooms: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 302-316. doi:10.1037/a0015302
35. Rose, S., & Bisson, J. (1998). Brief early psychological interventions following trauma: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 697-710. doi:10.1023/A:1024441315913
36. Rose, S., Bisson, J., Churchill, R., & Wessely, S. (2002). Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (cochrane review). Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, (2), CD000560. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000560
37. Tuckey, M.R. (2007). Issues in the debriefing debate for the emergency services: Moving research outcomes forward. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 106-116. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007.00069.x
38. Tuckey, M.R., & Hayward, R. (2011). Global and specific emotional resources as buffers against the emotional demands of fire-fighting. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 60, 1-23. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00424.x
39. Wagner, S. (2005). Emergency response service personnel and the critical incident stress debriefing debate. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 7, 33-41.
40. Weiss, D.S. (2004). The impact of event scale - Revised. In J.P. Wilson & T.M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
41. Weiss, D., & Marmar, C. (1997). The impact of event scale - Revised. In J. Wilson & T. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 399-411). New York: Guilford Press.