Visiting friends and relatives tourism and implications for community capital

Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 233-251

  Griffin, Tom ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

community capitals framework; sustainable tourism; visiting friends and relatives

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887995760     PISSN: 19407963     EISSN: 19407971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19407963.2013.776370     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Ali, N., Holden, A. (2006). Post-colonial Pakistani mobilities: The embodiment of the 'myth of return' in tourism. Mobilities, 1(2), 217-242. doi: 10.1080/17450100600726605
2. Asiedu, A. (2005). Some benefits of migrants' return visits to Ghana. Population, Space and Place, 11(1), 1-11. doi: 10.1002/psp.350
3. Asiedu, A. B. (2008). Participants' characteristics and economic benefits of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism - an international survey of the literature with implications for Ghana. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(6), 609-621. doi: 10.1002/jtr.698
4. Backer, E. (2007). VFR travel: An examination of the expenditures of VFR travellers and their hosts. Current Issues in Tourism, 10(4), 366-377. doi: 10.2167/cit277.0
5. Backer, E. (2008). VFR travellers - visiting the destination or visiting the hosts?. Asian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2(1), 60-70.
6. Backer, E. (2012). VFR travel: It is underestimated. Tourism Management, 33(1), 74-79. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.027
7. Backer, E. R. (2010). Opportunities for commercial accommodation in VFR travel. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(4), 334-354. doi: 10.1002/jtr.754
8. Becken, S., Simmons, D. G., Frampton, C. (2003). Energy use associated with different travel choices. Tourism Management, 24(3), 267-277. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00066-3
9. Bischoff, E. E., Koenig-Lewis, N. (2007). VFR tourism: The importance of university students as hosts. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9(6), 465-484. doi: 10.1002/jtr.618
10. Boden, D., Molotch, H. (1994). The compulsion of proximity. In FriedlandR.BodenD. (Ed.), NowHere: Space, time and modernity, (pp. 257-286). Berkeley, CA: University of California.
11. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In RichardsonJ. G. (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education, (pp. 241-258). New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
12. Boyne, S., Carswell, F., Hall, D. (2002). Reconceptualising VFR tourism. In HallC. M.WilliamsA. M. (Ed.), Tourism and migration: New relationships between production and consumption, (pp. 241-256). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publications.
13. Bramwell, B. (2012). Critical and normative responses to sustainable tourism. In SinghT. V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 39-43). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
14. Bramwell, B., Lane, B. (2005). Editorial: Sustainable tourism research and the importance of societal and social science trends. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13(1), 1-3. doi: 10.1080/17501220508668469
15. Braunlich, C. G., Nadkarni, N. (1995). The importance of the VFR market to the hotel industry. Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 38-47.
16. Brown, K. G. (2010). Come on home: Visiting friends and relatives. The Cape Breton experience. Event Management, 14(4), 309-318. doi: 10.3727/152599510X12901814777943
17. Brundtland Commission. (1987). Our common future, Chapter 2: Towards sustainable development. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Geneva: United Nations.
18. Buckley, R. (2012a). Is mass tourism serious about sustainability?. In SinghT. V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 34-39). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
19. Buckley, R. (2012b). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528-546. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003
20. Butler, R. W. (1993). Tourism - an evolutionary perspective. In NelsonJ. G.ButlerR. W.WallG. (Ed.), Tourism and sustainable development: Monitoring, planning, managing, (pp. 27-44). Waterloo, ON: University of Waterloo.(Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 37)
21. Caffyn, A. (2012). Advocating and implementing slow tourism. In SinghT. V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 373-379). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
22. Cohen, E. (2002). Authenticity, equity and sustainability in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(4), 267-276. doi: 10.1080/09669580208667167
23. Collins, A., Jones, C., Munday, M. (2009). Assessing the environmental impacts of mega sporting events: Two options?. Tourism Management, 30(6), 828-837. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.12.006
24. Crouch, D. (2000). Places around us: Embodied lay geographies in leisure and tourism. Leisure Studies, 19(2), 63-76. doi: 10.1080/026143600374752
25. Duval, D. T. (2003). When hosts become guests: Return visits and diasporic identities in a commonwealth eastern Caribbean community. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(4), 267-308. doi: 10.1080/13683500308667957
26. Feng, K., Page, S. J. (2000). An exploratory study of the tourism, migration-immigration nexus: Travel experiences of Chinese residents in New Zealand. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(3), 246-281. doi: 10.1080/13683500008667875
27. Flora, C., Flora, J. (2008). Rural communities: Legacy and change, (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
28. Flora, C. B. (2004). Community dynamics and social capital. In RickerD.FrancisC. (Ed.), Agroecosystems analysis, (pp. 93-107). Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
29. Frideres, J. (2008). Creating an inclusive society: Promoting social integration in Canada. In FrideresJ.BursteinM.BilesJ. (Ed.), Immigration andintegration in Canada in the twenty-first century, (pp. 77-101). Kingston, ON: Queen's University.
30. Glover, T. D., Hemingway, J. L. (2005). Locating leisure in the social capital literature. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(4), 387-401.
31. Graci, S., Dodds, R. (2010). Sustainable tourism in island destinations, London: Earthscan.
32. Griffin, T. (2011, June 19-21). Revisiting VFR and pleasure segmentation for Canadian urban destinations. Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association 42nd annual international conference - seeing the forest and the trees: Big picture research in a detail-driven world, London, Ontario, Canada (refereed proceedings).
33. Griffin, T. (2012). Research note: A content analysis of articles on visiting friends and relatives tourism, 1990-2010. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, doi:10.1080/19368623.2012.708960. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/bdMaGtpkEZsRFf9wjyR6/full
34. Hall, C. M. (2007). Response to Yeoman et al: The fakery of 'the authentic tourist'. Tourism Management, 28(4), 1139-1140. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.008
35. Hall, C. M. (2012). Consumerism, tourism and voluntary simplicity: We all have to consume, but do we really have to travel so much to be happy?. In SinghT. V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 61-68). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
36. Hallman, B. C., Benbow, S.M.P. (2007). Family leisure, family photography and zoos: Exploring the emotional geographies of families. Social & Cultural Geography, 8(6), 871-888. doi: 10.1080/14649360701712636
37. Hardy, A., Beeton, R. J.S., Pearson, L. (2002). Sustainable tourism: An overview of the concept and its position in relation to conceptualisations of tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(6), 475-496. doi: 10.1080/09669580208667183
38. Havitz, M. E. (2007). A host, a guest, and our lifetime relationship: Another hour with Grandma Havitz. Leisure Sciences, 29(2), 131-141. doi: 10.1080/01490400601160754
39. Holden, A. (2009). The environment-tourism nexus: Influence of market ethics. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 373-389. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2008.10.009
40. Hu, B., Morrison, A. M. (2002). Tripography: Can destination use patterns enhance understanding of the VFR market?. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(3), 201-220. doi: 10.1177/135676670200800301
41. Hughes, H., Allen, D. (2010). Holidays of the Irish diaspora: The pull of the 'homeland'?. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/13683500802495669
42. Jackson, R. T. (1990). VFR tourism: Is it underestimated?. Journal of Tourism Studies, 1(2), 10-17.
43. Larsen, J. (2008). De-exoticizing leisure travel. Leisure Studies, 27(1), 21-34. doi: 10.1080/02614360701198030
44. Larsen, J., Urry, J., Axhausen, K. W. (2007). Networks and tourism: Mobile social life. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1), 244-262. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2006.08.002
45. Lee, G., Morrison, A. A., Lheto, X. Y., Webb, J., Reid, J. (2005). VFR: Is it really marginal? A financial consideration of French overseas travellers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 11(4), 340-356. doi: 10.1177/1356766705056630
46. Lehto, X. Y., Morrison, A. M., O'Leary, J. T. (2001). Does the visiting friends and relatives' typology make a difference? A study of the international VFR market to the United States. Journal of Travel Research, 40(2), 201-212. doi: 10.1177/004728750104000211
47. McCabe, S. (2009). Who needs a holiday? Evaluating social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(4), 667-688. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2009.06.005
48. McCool, S., Moisey, R. (2008a). Introduction: Pathways and pitfalls in the search for sustainable tourism. In McCoolS. F.MoiseyR. N. (Ed.), Tourism, recreation and sustainability: Linking culture and the environment, 2nd ed., (pp. 1-15). Cambridge, MA: CABI.
49. McCool, S., Moisey, R. (2008b). Sustainable tourism in the 21st century: Lessons from the past, challenges to address. In McCoolS. F.MoiseyR. N. (Ed.), Tourism, recreation and sustainability: Linking culture and the environment, (2nd ed., (pp. 283-291). Cambridge, MA: CABI.
50. McGehee, N. G., Lee, S., O'Bannon, T. L., Perdue, R. R. (2010). Tourism-related social capital and its relationship with other forms of capital: An exploratory study. Journal of Travel Research, 49(4), 486-500. doi: 10.1177/0047287509349271
51. McKercher, B. (1993). Some fundamental truths about tourism: Understanding tourism's social and environmental impacts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(1), 6-16.
52. Meis, S., Joyal, S., Trites, A. (1995). The US repeat and VFR visitor to Canada: Come again, eh!. Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 27-37.
53. Michael, I., Armstrong, A., King, B. (2004). The travel behaviour of international students: The relationship between studying abroad and their choice of tourist destinations. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(1), 57-66. doi: 10.1177/135676670301000106
54. Min-En, A. T. (2006). Travel stimulated by international students in Australia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(6), 451-468. doi: 10.1002/jtr.588
55. Minnaert, L., Maitland, R., Miller, G. (2009). Tourism and social policy: The value of social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(2), 316-334. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2009.01.002
56. Morrison, A. M., Hsieh, S., O'Leary, J. T. (1995). Segmenting the visiting friends and relatives market by holiday activity participation. Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 48-63.
57. Morrison, A. M., O'Leary, J. T. (1995). The VFR market: Desperately seeking respect. Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 2-5.
58. Moscardo, G., Pearce, P., Morrison, A., Green, D., O'Leary, J. T. (2000). Developing a typology for understanding visiting friends and relatives markets. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 251-259. doi: 10.1177/004728750003800307
59. Mowforth, M., Munt, I. (2003). Tourism and sustainability, London: Routledge.
60. Mundt, J. W. (2011). Sustainable tourism: Reconsidering a concept of vague policies, Berlin: Erich Schmidt.
61. Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (2012). Ontario (overnight international visitors), Toronto: Author.
62. Penninx, R. (2005). Integration of migrants: Economic, social, cultural and political dimensions. In MacuraM.MacdonaldA. L.HaugW. (Ed.), The new demographic regime: Population challenges and policy responses, (pp. 137-152). Geneva: United Nations.
63. PKF Consulting. (2004). Monitoring Canada's accommodation industry during a challenging year - 2003: The impacts of the Iraq war and SARS (No. 4). Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport.
64. Poel, P., Masurel, E., Nijkamp, P. (2006). The importance of friends and relations in tourist behaviour: A case study of heterogeneity in Surinam. In GiaoutziM.NijkampP. (Ed.), Tourism and regional development: New pathways, (pp. 219-238). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
65. Saarinen, J. (2006). Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1121-1140. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.007
66. Sandbrook, C. G. (2010). Putting leakage in its place: The significance of retained tourism revenue in the local context in rural Uganda. Journal of International Development, 22(1), 124-136.
67. Scheyvens, R. (2007). Poor cousins no more valuing the development potential of domestic and diaspora tourism. Progress in Development Studies, 7(4), 307-325. doi: 10.1177/146499340700700403
68. Seaton, A. (1997). The status of the visiting friends and relatives category in recent tourism analysis. Tourism Review, 52(4), 52-62. doi: 10.1108/eb058262
69. Seaton, A. V. (1994). Are relatives friends? Reassessing the VFR category in segmenting tourism markets. In SeatonA.V. (Ed.), Tourism: The state of the art, (pp. 316-321). Chichester: Wiley.
70. Seaton, A. V., Palmer, C. (1997). Understanding VFR tourism behaviour: The first five years of the United Kingdom tourism survey. Tourism Management, 18(6), 345-355. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00033-2
71. Seaton, A. V., Tagg, S. (1995). Disaggregating friends and relatives in VFR tourism research: The Northern Ireland evidence 1991-1993. Journal of Tourism Studies, 6(1), 6-18.
72. Shani, A., Uriely, N. (2012). VFR tourism: The host experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 421-440. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.07.003
73. Sharpley, R. (2012). Does consumerism necessarily promote bad tourism?. In SinghT. V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 54-61). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
74. Singh, T. V. (2012). Introduction. In SinghT.V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 1-26). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
75. Smith, S. L. J. (1988). Defining tourism a supply-side view. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(2), 179-190. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(88)90081-3
76. UNWTO (2011). Tourism highlights, Madrid: UNWTO.Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enlr_1.pdf
77. Uriely, N. (2010). "Home" and "away" in VFR tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 854-857. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2010.02.006
78. Urry, J. (2002). Mobility and proximity. Sociology, 36(2), 255-274. doi: 10.1177/0038038502036002002
79. Weaver, D. B. (2012). Towards sustainable mass tourism: Paradigm shift or paradigm nudge?. In SinghT. V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 28-34). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
80. Wheeler, B. (1991). Tourism's troubled times: Responsible tourism is not the answer. Tourism Management, 12(2), 91-96. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(91)90062-X
81. Wheeler, B. (2012). Sustainable mass tourism: More smudge than nudge - the canard continues. In SinghT. V. (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism, (pp. 39-43). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
82. Williams, A. M., Hall, C. M. (2000). Tourism and migration: New relationships between production and consumption. Tourism Geographies, 2(1), 5-27. doi: 10.1080/146166800363420
83. Williams, A. M., King, R., Warnes, A., Patterson, G. (2000). Tourism and international retirement migration: New forms of an old relationship in southern Europe. Tourism Geographies, 2(1), 28-49. doi: 10.1080/146166800363439
84. Young, C. A., Corsun, D. L., Baloglu, S. (2007). A taxonomy of hosts visiting friends and relatives. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(2), 497-516. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2006.12.003