메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

Ocular myasthenia gravis: Controversies and updates

Author keywords

Corticosteroids; Immunosuppression; Ocular myasthenia gravis; Prognosis; Thymectomy

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN; DEXAMETHASONE; HYDROCORTISONE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; TACROLIMUS; ANTIBODY; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR; LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR;

EID: 84887875990     PISSN: 15284042     EISSN: 15346293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0421-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (60)

References (90)
  • 3
    • 80053194534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors contributing to failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis and the special case of the extraocular muscles
    • Serra A, Ruff R, Kaminski H, Leigh RJ. Factors contributing to failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis and the special case of the extraocular muscles. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1233:26-33.
    • (2011) Ann N y Acad Sci. , vol.1233 , pp. 26-33
    • Serra, A.1    Ruff, R.2    Kaminski, H.3    Leigh, R.J.4
  • 4
    • 84871532100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular transmission failure in myasthenia gravis: Decrement of safety factor and susceptibility of extraocular muscles
    • Serra A, Ruff RL, Leigh RJ. Neuromuscular transmission failure in myasthenia gravis: decrement of safety factor and susceptibility of extraocular muscles. Ann N YAcad Sci. 2012;1275:129-35.
    • (2012) Ann N YAcad Sci. , vol.1275 , pp. 129-135
    • Serra, A.1    Ruff, R.L.2    Leigh, R.J.3
  • 5
    • 0031716777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myasthenic syndrome of snake envenomation: A clinical and neurophysiological study
    • Sanmuganathan PS.Myasthenic syndrome of snake envenomation: a clinical and neurophysiological study. Postgrad Med J. 1998;74: 596-9.
    • (1998) Postgrad Med J , vol.74 , pp. 596-599
    • Sanmuganathan, P.S.1
  • 9
    • 0024387257 scopus 로고
    • The natural course ofmyasthenia gravis: A long term follow up study
    • Oosterhuis HJ. The natural course ofmyasthenia gravis: a long term follow up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1989;52:1121-7.
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. , vol.52 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Oosterhuis, H.J.1
  • 11
    • 0023623337 scopus 로고
    • The course of myasthenia gravis and therapies affecting outcome
    • Grob D, Arsura EL, Brunner NG, Namba T. The course of myasthenia gravis and therapies affecting outcome. Ann N YAcad Sci. 1987;505:472-99.
    • (1987) Ann N YAcad Sci. , vol.505 , pp. 472-499
    • Grob, D.1    Arsura, E.L.2    Brunner, N.G.3    Namba, T.4
  • 12
    • 68349142911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular myasthenia gravis: Treatment successes and failures in patients with long-term follow-up
    • KupersmithMJ. Ocular myasthenia gravis: treatment successes and failures in patients with long-term follow-up. J Neurol. 2009;256: 1314-20.
    • (2009) J Neurol. , vol.256 , pp. 1314-1320
    • Kupersmith, M.J.1
  • 13
    • 0037322082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of generalized disease at 2 years in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis
    • Kupersmith MJ, Latkany R, Homel P. Development of generalized disease at 2 years in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:243-8.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol. , vol.60 , pp. 243-248
    • Kupersmith, M.J.1    Latkany, R.2    Homel, P.3
  • 14
    • 0348014427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapy of ocular myasthenia gravis reduces conversion to generalized myasthenia gravis
    • Mee J, Paine M, Byrne E, King J, Reardon K, O'Day J. Immunotherapy of ocular myasthenia gravis reduces conversion to generalized myasthenia gravis. J Neuroophthalmol. 2003;23:251-5.
    • (2003) J Neuroophthalmol. , vol.23 , pp. 251-255
    • Mee, J.1    Paine, M.2    Byrne, E.3    King, J.4    Reardon, K.5    O'Day, J.6
  • 17
    • 0346429248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of prednisone on the progression from ocular to generalized myasthenia gravis
    • Monsul NT, Patwa HS, Knorr AM, Lesser RL, Goldstein JM. The effect of prednisone on the progression from ocular to generalized myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci. 2004;217:131-3.
    • (2004) J Neurol Sci. , vol.217 , pp. 131-133
    • Monsul, N.T.1    Patwa, H.S.2    Knorr, A.M.3    Lesser, R.L.4    Goldstein, J.M.5
  • 18
    • 0034122873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ocular myasthenia with corticosteroids: Yes
    • Agius MA. Treatment of ocular myasthenia with corticosteroids: yes. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:750-1.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol. , vol.57 , pp. 750-751
    • Agius, M.A.1
  • 19
    • 37149011857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive or surgical treatment for ocular Myasthenia Gravis
    • Chavis PS, Stickler DE,Walker A. Immunosuppressive or surgical treatment for ocular Myasthenia Gravis. Arch Neurol. 2007;64: 1792-4.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol. , vol.64 , pp. 1792-1794
    • Chavis, P.S.1    Stickler, D.E.2    Walker, A.3
  • 20
    • 37149025804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular Myasthenia Gravis treatment: The case against prednisone therapy and thymectomy
    • Gilbert ME, De Sousa EA, Savino PJ. Ocular Myasthenia Gravis treatment: the case against prednisone therapy and thymectomy. Arch Neurol. 2007;64:1790-2.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol. , vol.64 , pp. 1790-1792
    • Gilbert, M.E.1    De Sousa, E.A.2    Savino, P.J.3
  • 21
    • 0034121454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ocular myasthenia: Steroids only when compelled
    • Kaminski HJ, Daroff RB. Treatment of ocular myasthenia: steroids only when compelled. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:752-3.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol. , vol.57 , pp. 752-753
    • Kaminski, H.J.1    Daroff, R.B.2
  • 22
    • 37149018763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating ocular Myasthenia Gravis with inadequate evidence
    • Roach ES. Treating ocular Myasthenia Gravis with inadequate evidence. Arch Neurol. 2007;64:1794-5.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol. , vol.64 , pp. 1794-1795
    • Roach, E.S.1
  • 23
    • 0019732427 scopus 로고
    • The natural course of myasthenia gravis and effect of therapeutic measures
    • Grob D, Brunner NG, Namba T. The natural course of myasthenia gravis and effect of therapeutic measures. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1981;377:652-69.
    • (1981) Ann N y Acad Sci. , vol.377 , pp. 652-669
    • Grob, D.1    Brunner, N.G.2    Namba, T.3
  • 24
    • 0026518217 scopus 로고
    • Timing of immunosuppression in the natural history of autoimmune diseases
    • Steinberg AD, Krieg AM, Takashi T, Gourley MF. Timing of immunosuppression in the natural history of autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun. 1992;5(Suppl A):197-203.
    • (1992) J Autoimmun. , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 197-203
    • Steinberg, A.D.1    Krieg, A.M.2    Takashi, T.3    Gourley, M.F.4
  • 25
    • 0038715033 scopus 로고
    • Course and management of myasthenia gravis
    • Grob D. Course and management of myasthenia gravis. J Am Med Assoc. 1953;153:529-32.
    • (1953) J Am Med Assoc. , vol.153 , pp. 529-532
    • Grob, D.1
  • 26
    • 0024994309 scopus 로고
    • Steroids induce acetylcholine receptors on cultured human muscle: Implications for myasthenia gravis
    • Kaplan I, Blakely BT, Pavlath GK, Travis M, Blau HM. Steroids induce acetylcholine receptors on cultured human muscle: implications for myasthenia gravis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87: 8100-4.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. , vol.87 , pp. 8100-8104
    • Kaplan, I.1    Blakely, B.T.2    Pavlath, G.K.3    Travis, M.4    Blau, H.M.5
  • 27
    • 0026522689 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid increases acetylcholinesterase and organization of the postsynaptic membrane in innervated cultured human muscle
    • Askanas V, McFerrin J, Park-Matsumoto YC, Lee CS, Engel WK. Glucocorticoid increases acetylcholinesterase and organization of the postsynaptic membrane in innervated cultured human muscle. Exp Neurol. 1992;115:368-75.
    • (1992) Exp Neurol. , vol.115 , pp. 368-375
    • Askanas, V.1    McFerrin, J.2    Park-Matsumoto, Y.C.3    Lee, C.S.4    Engel, W.K.5
  • 28
    • 0015788807 scopus 로고
    • Neurogenic muscle involvement in myasthenia gravis a clinical and histopathological study
    • Oosterhuis H, Bethlem J. Neurogenic muscle involvement in myasthenia gravis a clinical and histopathological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1973;36:244-54.
    • (1973) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. , vol.36 , pp. 244-254
    • Oosterhuis, H.1    Bethlem, J.2
  • 29
    • 84893692687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed ophthalmoplegia and extraocular muscle atrophy in acetylcholine receptor antibodypositive myasthenia gravis. Abstracts of the International Neuroophthalmology Society Meeting 2012
    • Barker L, Minakaran N, Patel L, Plant GT. Fixed ophthalmoplegia and extraocular muscle atrophy in acetylcholine receptor antibodypositive myasthenia gravis. Abstracts of the International Neuroophthalmology Society Meeting 2012. Neuro-ophthalmology. 2012;36(S1):47-8.
    • (2012) Neuro-ophthalmology , vol.36 , Issue.S1 , pp. 47-48
    • Barker, L.1    Minakaran, N.2    Patel, L.3    Plant, G.T.4
  • 31
    • 27744457988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular motor dysfunction and ptosis in ocular myasthenia gravis: Effects of treatment
    • Kupersmith MJ, Ying G. Ocular motor dysfunction and ptosis in ocular myasthenia gravis: effects of treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:1330-4.
    • (2005) Br J Ophthalmol. , vol.89 , pp. 1330-1334
    • Kupersmith, M.J.1    Ying, G.2
  • 32
    • 0019752095 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the natural history of myasthenia gravis and the effect of thymectomy
    • Oosterhuis HJ. Observations of the natural history of myasthenia gravis and the effect of thymectomy. Ann N YAcad Sci. 1981;377: 678-90.
    • (1981) Ann N YAcad Sci. , vol.377 , pp. 678-690
    • Oosterhuis, H.J.1
  • 33
    • 0026320206 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of low-dose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis
    • Caldwell JR, Furst DE. The efficacy and safety of low-dose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1991;21:1-11.
    • (1991) Semin Arthritis Rheum. , vol.21 , pp. 1-11
    • Caldwell, J.R.1    Furst, D.E.2
  • 34
    • 0021329141 scopus 로고
    • Long-term corticosteroid treatment of myasthenia gravis: Report of 116 patients
    • Pascuzzi RM, Coslett HB, Johns TR. Long-term corticosteroid treatment of myasthenia gravis: report of 116 patients. Ann Neurol. 1984;15:291-8.
    • (1984) Ann Neurol. , vol.15 , pp. 291-298
    • Pascuzzi, R.M.1    Coslett, H.B.2    Johns, T.R.3
  • 35
    • 84871591629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the efficacy of prednisone in the treatment of ocular myasthenia (EPITOME) trial
    • Benatar M, Sanders DB, Wolfe GI, McDermott MP, Tawil R. Design of the efficacy of prednisone in the treatment of ocular myasthenia (EPITOME) trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1275:17- 22.
    • (2012) Ann N y Acad Sci. , vol.1275 , pp. 17-22
    • Benatar, M.1    Sanders, D.B.2    Wolfe, G.I.3    McDermott, M.P.4    Tawil, R.5
  • 37
    • 0034906985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis
    • Tackenberg B, Hemmer B, Oertel WH, Sommer N. Immunosuppressive treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis. BioDrugs. 2001;15:369-78.
    • (2001) BioDrugs. , vol.15 , pp. 369-378
    • Tackenberg, B.1    Hemmer, B.2    Oertel, W.H.3    Sommer, N.4
  • 39
    • 84882805828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women and transplantation: Fertility, sexuality, pregnancy, contraception
    • Josephson MA, McKay DB. Women and transplantation: fertility, sexuality, pregnancy, contraception. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20:433-40.
    • (2013) Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 433-440
    • Josephson, M.A.1    McKay, D.B.2
  • 40
    • 84877654423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of azathioprine for non-thymoma myasthenia and risk of cancer: A nationwide case-control study in Denmark
    • Pedersen EG, PottegårdA,Hallas J, Friis S, Hansen K, Jensen PEH, et al. Use of azathioprine for non-thymoma myasthenia and risk of cancer: a nationwide case-control study in Denmark. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20:942-8.
    • (2013) Eur J Neurol. , vol.20 , pp. 942-948
    • Pedersen, E.G.1    Pottegård, A.2    Hallas, J.3    Friis, S.4    Hansen, K.5    Jensen, P.E.H.6
  • 41
    • 79961117546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single-blinded trial of methotrexate versus azathioprine as steroidsparing agents in generalized myasthenia gravis
    • Heckmann JM, Rawoot A, Bateman K, Renison R, Badri M. A single-blinded trial of methotrexate versus azathioprine as steroidsparing agents in generalized myasthenia gravis. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:97.
    • (2011) BMC Neurol. , vol.11 , pp. 97
    • Heckmann, J.M.1    Rawoot, A.2    Bateman, K.3    Renison, R.4    Badri, M.5
  • 43
    • 0035830428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate mofetil: A safe and promising immunosuppressant in neuromuscular diseases
    • Chaudhry V, Cornblath DR, Griffin JW, O'Brien R, Drachman DB. Mycophenolate mofetil: a safe and promising immunosuppressant in neuromuscular diseases. Neurology. 2001;56:94-6.
    • (2001) Neurology. , vol.56 , pp. 94-96
    • Chaudhry, V.1    Cornblath, D.R.2    Griffin, J.W.3    O'Brien, R.4    Drachman, D.B.5
  • 45
    • 77951288989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate mofetil in AChR-antibodypositive myasthenia gravis: Outcomes in 102 patients
    • Hehir MK, Burns TM, Alpers J, Conaway MR, Sawa M, Sanders DB. Mycophenolate mofetil in AChR-antibodypositive myasthenia gravis: outcomes in 102 patients. Muscle Nerve. 2010;41:593-8.
    • (2010) Muscle Nerve. , vol.41 , pp. 593-598
    • Hehir, M.K.1    Burns, T.M.2    Alpers, J.3    Conaway, M.R.4    Sawa, M.5    Sanders, D.B.6
  • 47
    • 49049115186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trial of mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone as initial immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis
    • Muscle Study Group. A trial of mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone as initial immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 2008;71:394-9.
    • (2008) Neurology. , vol.71 , pp. 394-399
    • Study Group, M.1
  • 48
    • 0023118848 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cyclosporine in myasthenia gravis
    • Tindall RS, Rollins JA, Phillips JT, Greenlee RG, Wells L, Belendiuk G. Preliminary results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cyclosporine in myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:719-24.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med. , vol.316 , pp. 719-724
    • Tindall, R.S.1    Rollins, J.A.2    Phillips, J.T.3    Greenlee, R.G.4    Wells, L.5    Belendiuk, G.6
  • 50
    • 80051544886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis
    • Yoshikawa H, Kiuchi T, Saida T, Takamori M. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2011;82:970-7.
    • (2011) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. , vol.82 , pp. 970-977
    • Yoshikawa, H.1    Kiuchi, T.2    Saida, T.3    Takamori, M.4
  • 51
    • 80051505712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of studying history: Lessons learnt from a trial of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis
    • Benatar M, Sanders D. The importance of studying history: lessons learnt from a trial of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2011;82:945.
    • (2011) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. , vol.82 , pp. 945
    • Benatar, M.1    Sanders, D.2
  • 52
    • 84875636256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus monotherapy: A promising option for ocular myasthenia gravis
    • Yagi Y, Sanjo N, Yokota T, Mizusawa H. Tacrolimus monotherapy: a promising option for ocular myasthenia gravis. Eur Neurol. 2013;69:344-5.
    • (2013) Eur Neurol. , vol.69 , pp. 344-345
    • Yagi, Y.1    Sanjo, N.2    Yokota, T.3    Mizusawa, H.4
  • 54
    • 33748030791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus: New therapeutic options in neuroimmunological diseases
    • Schneider-Gold C, Hartung H-P, Gold R. Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus: new therapeutic options in neuroimmunological diseases. Muscle Nerve. 2006;34:284-91.
    • (2006) Muscle Nerve. , vol.34 , pp. 284-291
    • Schneider-Gold, C.1    Hartung, H.-P.2    Gold, R.3
  • 55
    • 84876418565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes after thymectomy in class i myasthenia gravis
    • Mineo TC, Ambrogi V. Outcomes after thymectomy in class I myasthenia gravis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145:1319-24.
    • (2013) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. , vol.145 , pp. 1319-1324
    • Mineo, T.C.1    Ambrogi, V.2
  • 57
    • 81855185006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended transsternal thymectomy for the treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis
    • Liu Z, Feng H,Yeung S-CJ, Zheng Z, LiuW,Ma J, et al. Extended transsternal thymectomy for the treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;92:1993-9.
    • (2011) Ann Thorac Surg. , vol.92 , pp. 1993-1999
    • Liu, Z.1    Feng, H.2    Yeung, S.-C.J.3    Zheng, Z.4    Liu, W.5    Ma, J.6
  • 63
    • 0023610187 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in occult thymomas in myasthenia gravis following transcervical thymectomy
    • Papatestas AE, Pozner J, Genkins G, Kornfeld P, Matta RJ. Prognosis in occult thymomas in myasthenia gravis following transcervical thymectomy. Arch Surg. 1987;122:1352-6.
    • (1987) Arch Surg. , vol.122 , pp. 1352-1356
    • Papatestas, A.E.1    Pozner, J.2    Genkins, G.3    Kornfeld, P.4    Matta, R.J.5
  • 66
    • 74249119975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic outcomes in thymectomied patients with myasthenia gravis
    • Takanami I, Abiko T, Koizumi S. Therapeutic outcomes in thymectomied patients with myasthenia gravis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;15:373-7.
    • (2009) Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. , vol.15 , pp. 373-377
    • Takanami, I.1    Abiko, T.2    Koizumi, S.3
  • 67
    • 45249091720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis: A critical analysis
    • Sonett JR, Jaretzki A. Thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis: a critical analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1132:315-28.
    • (2008) Ann N y Acad Sci. , vol.1132 , pp. 315-328
    • Sonett, J.R.1    Jaretzki, A.2
  • 68
    • 84891536260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost-effectiveness of open or thoracoscopic thymectomy compared to medical treatment in managing Myasthenia gravis without thymomas
    • Chicaiza-Becerra LA, Garcia-Molina M, Gamboa O, Castañeda- Orjuela C. The cost-effectiveness of open or thoracoscopic thymectomy compared to medical treatment in managing Myasthenia gravis without thymomas. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2012;14: 260-70.
    • (2012) Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). , vol.14 , pp. 260-270
    • Chicaiza-Becerra, L.A.1    Garcia-Molina, M.2    Gamboa, O.3    Castañeda-Orjuela, C.4
  • 70
    • 0242336467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlates with anti-MuSK antibodies in generalized seronegative myasthenia gravis
    • Evoli A, Tonali PA, Padua L,Monaco ML, Scuderi F, Batocchi AP, et al. Clinical correlates with anti-MuSK antibodies in generalized seronegative myasthenia gravis. Brain. 2003;126:2304-11.
    • (2003) Brain. , vol.126 , pp. 2304-2311
    • Evoli, A.1    Tonali, P.A.2    Padua, L.3    Monaco, M.L.4    Scuderi, F.5    Batocchi, A.P.6
  • 72
    • 77956393584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis current status
    • Oh SJ. Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis current status. J Clin Neurol. 2009;5:53-64.
    • (2009) J Clin Neurol. , vol.5 , pp. 53-64
    • Oh, S.J.1
  • 74
    • 3042852639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical comparison of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive and -negative myasthenic patients
    • Zhou L, McConville J, Chaudhry V, Adams RN, Skolasky RL, Vincent A, et al. Clinical comparison of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive and -negative myasthenic patients. Muscle Nerve. 2004;30:55-60.
    • (2004) Muscle Nerve. , vol.30 , pp. 55-60
    • Zhou, L.1    McConville, J.2    Chaudhry, V.3    Adams, R.N.4    Skolasky, R.L.5    Vincent, A.6
  • 75
    • 26944499793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular junction autoimmune disease: Muscle specific kinase antibodies and treatments for myasthenia gravis
    • Vincent A, LeiteMI. Neuromuscular junction autoimmune disease: muscle specific kinase antibodies and treatments for myasthenia gravis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2005;18:519-25.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Neurol. , vol.18 , pp. 519-525
    • Vincent, A.1    Leite, M.I.2
  • 76
    • 79959324658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-MuSK antibody myasthenia gravis: Clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts
    • Guptill JT, Sanders DB, Evoli A. Anti-MuSK antibody myasthenia gravis: clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts. Muscle Nerve. 2011;44:36-40.
    • (2011) Muscle Nerve. , vol.44 , pp. 36-40
    • Guptill, J.T.1    Sanders, D.B.2    Evoli, A.3
  • 77
    • 31544453858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular involvement in MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis
    • Bau V, Hanisch F, Hain B. Zierz S. [Ocular involvement in MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis] Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2006;223:81-3
    • (2006) Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. , vol.223 , pp. 81-83
    • Bau, V.1    Hanisch, F.2    Hain, B.3    Zierz, S.4
  • 79
    • 20844462365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis presenting with purely ocular findings
    • Caress JB, Hunt CH, Batish SD. Anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis presenting with purely ocular findings. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:1002-3.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol. , vol.62 , pp. 1002-1003
    • Caress, J.B.1    Hunt, C.H.2    Batish, S.D.3
  • 80
    • 34249781696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocularmyasthenia: A rare presentation with MuSK antibody and bilateral extraocular muscle atrophy
    • Chan JW, OrrisonWW. Ocularmyasthenia: a rare presentation with MuSK antibody and bilateral extraocular muscle atrophy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:842-3.
    • (2007) Br J Ophthalmol. , vol.91 , pp. 842-843
    • Chan, J.W.1    Orrison, W.W.2
  • 81
    • 33745052653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MuSK-antibody positive pure ocular myasthenia gravis
    • Hanisch F, Eger K, Zierz S. MuSK-antibody positive pure ocular myasthenia gravis. J Neurol. 2006;253:659-60.
    • (2006) J Neurol. , vol.253 , pp. 659-660
    • Hanisch, F.1    Eger, K.2    Zierz, S.3
  • 82
    • 84869105825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ocular form of myasthenia gravis with a high titer of anti-MuSK antibodies during a long-term follow-up
    • Hosaka A, Takuma H, Ohta K, Tamaoka A. An ocular form of myasthenia gravis with a high titer of anti-MuSK antibodies during a long-term follow-up. Intern Med. 2012;51:3077-9.
    • (2012) Intern Med. , vol.51 , pp. 3077-3079
    • Hosaka, A.1    Takuma, H.2    Ohta, K.3    Tamaoka, A.4
  • 84
    • 84893656773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of corticosteroid therapy in ocularmyasthenia gravis: A retrospective study. Abstracts of the European Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (EUNOS) 11th meeting
    • Wong SH, Virgo JD, Plant G. Risks and benefits of corticosteroid therapy in ocularmyasthenia gravis: a retrospective study. Abstracts of the European Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (EUNOS) 11th meeting. Neuro-ophthalmology. 2013;37(S1):107-8.
    • (2013) Neuro-ophthalmology , vol.37 , Issue.S1 , pp. 107-108
    • Wong, S.H.1    Virgo, J.D.2    Plant, G.3
  • 85
    • 46849112624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgG1 antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in "seronegative" myasthenia gravis
    • LeiteMI, Jacob S, Viegas S, Cossins J, Clover L,Morgan BP, et al. IgG1 antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in "seronegative" myasthenia gravis. Brain. 2008;131:1940-52.
    • (2008) Brain. , vol.131 , pp. 1940-1952
    • Leite, M.I.1    Jacob, S.2    Viegas, S.3    Cossins, J.4    Clover, L.5    Morgan, B.P.6
  • 86
    • 84865644986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence and pathogenic relevance of antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptor in ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis
    • Jacob S, Viegas S, Leite MI, Webster R, Cossins J, Kennett R, et al. Presence and pathogenic relevance of antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptor in ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol. 2012;69:994-1001.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol. , vol.69 , pp. 994-1001
    • Jacob, S.1    Viegas, S.2    Leite, M.I.3    Webster, R.4    Cossins, J.5    Kennett, R.6
  • 87
    • 79952513213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 in myasthenia gravis
    • Higuchi O, Hamuro J, Motomura M, Yamanashi Y. Autoantibodies to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 in myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:418-22.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol. , vol.69 , pp. 418-422
    • Higuchi, O.1    Hamuro, J.2    Motomura, M.3    Yamanashi, Y.4
  • 89
    • 84859939384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to lipoprotein-related protein 4 in patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis
    • Zhang B, Tzartos JS, Belimezi M, Ragheb S, Bealmear B, Lewis RA, et al. Autoantibodies to lipoprotein-related protein 4 in patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol. 2012;69:445-51.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol. , vol.69 , pp. 445-451
    • Zhang, B.1    Tzartos, J.S.2    Belimezi, M.3    Ragheb, S.4    Bealmear, B.5    Lewis, R.A.6
  • 90
    • 0035105784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auto-antibodies to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSk in patients with myasthenia gravis without acetycholine receptor antibodies
    • Hoch W, McConville J, Helms S, Newsom-Davis J, Melms A, Vincent A, et al. Auto-antibodies to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSk in patients with myasthenia gravis without acetycholine receptor antibodies. Nat Med. 2001;7(3)365-358.
    • (2001) Nat Med. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-358
    • Hoch, W.1    McConville, J.2    Helms, S.3    Newsom-Davis, J.4    Melms, A.5    Vincent, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.