Transform Plate Margins and Strike-slip Fault Systems

Treatise on Geomorphology

Volumn 5, Issue , 2013, Pages 37-70

  Frankel, K L ^a   Owen, L A ^b  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

Alpine fault; Continental neotectonics; Continental tectonics: strike slip and transform; Eastern California shear zone; Enriquillo plantain garden fault; Geomorphology; Lidar; Paleoseismology; Plate boundaries; Quaternary geochronology; Remote Sensing; San Andreas fault; Tectonics and landscape evolution

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887820888     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00082-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (178)

1. Argus D.F., Gordon R.G. Present tectonic motion across the Coast Ranges and San Andreas fault system in central California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2001, 113:1580-1592.
2. Armijo R., Tapponnier P., Mercier J.L., Hanz T.-L. Quaternary extension in southern Tibet: field observations and tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:13803-13872.
3. Arrowsmith J.R., Zielke O. Tectonic geomorphology of the San Andreas fault zone from high resolution topography: an example from the Cholame segment. Geomorphology 2009, 113:70-81.
4. Bacon S., Pezzopane S.K. A 25000-year record of earthquakes on the Owens Valley fault near Lone Pine, California: implications for recurrence intervals, slip rates, and segmentation models. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2007, 119:823-847.
5. 26Al measurements. Quaternary Geochronology 2008, 3:174-195.
6. Barnes P.M. Postglacial (after 20ka) dextral slip rate of the offshore Alpine fault, New Zealand. Geology 2009, 37:3-6.
7. Beanland S., Clark M.M. The Owens Valley fault zone, eastern California, and surface rupture associated with the 1872 earthquake. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1982 1994, 29 pp.
8. Beaumont C., Kamp P.J.J., Hamilton J., Fullsack P. The continental collision zone, South Island, New Zealand; comparison of geodynamical models and observations. Journal Geophysical Research 1996, 101:3333-3359.
9. Behr W.M., Rood D.H., Fletcher K.E., et al. Uncertainties in slip rate estimates for the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault at Biskra Palms Oasis, southern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2010, 122:1360-1377. 10.1130/B30020.1.
10. 10Be as a tracer for hillslope and channel sediment dynamics in the Clearwater River, western Washington State. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 264:123-135.
11. Bennett R.A., Friedrich A.M., Furlong K.P. Codependent histories of the San Andreas and San Jacinto fault zones from inversion of fault displacement rates. Geology 2004, 32:961-964.
12. Bennett R.A., Rodi W., Reilinger R.E. Global Positioning System constraints on fault slip rates in southern California and northern Baja, Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101(21):21,943-21,960.
13. Bennett R.A., Wernicke B.P., Niemi N.A., Friedrich A.M., Davis J.L. Contemporary strain rates in the northern Basin and Range province from GPS data. Tectonics 2003, 22. 10.1029/2001TC001355.
14. Bird P. Uncertainties in long-term geologic offset rates of faults: General principles illustrated with data from California and other western states. Geosphere 2007, 3:577-595.
15. Bishop K.M., Clements S. Poverty Hills, Owens Valley, California-Transpressional uplift or ancient landslide deposits. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 2006, 12:301-314.
16. 10Be dating of offset landforms on the southern San Jacinto Fault zone, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B08401.
17. Bourdon B., Turner S., Henderson G.M., Lundstrom C.C. Introduction to U-series geochemistry. Uranium-series geochemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2003, 52:1-21.
18. Brown E.T., Molnar P., Bourlés D.L. Comment on "Slip-rate measurements on the Karakorum Fault may imply secular variations in fault motion". Science 2006, 309:1326b.
19. Bull W.B. Tectonic Geomorphology of Mountains 2007, Blackwell, Oxford, 316 pp.
20. Bull W.B. Tectonically Active Landscapes 2009, Blackwell, Oxford, 320 pp.
21. Burchfiel B.C., Stewart J.H. "Pull-apart" origin of the central segment of Death Valley, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1966, 77:439-442.
22. Calais E., Freed A., Mattioli G., et al. Transpressional rupture of an unmapped fault during the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Nature Geoscience 2010, 3:794-799.
23. Calais E., Mazabraud Y., Mercier de Lepinay B., Mann P., Mattioli G., Jansma P. Strain partitioning and fault slip rates in the northeastern Caribbean from GPS measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29. 10.1029/2002GL015397.
24. Carter B.A. Quaternary displacement on the Garlock fault, California. Geology and Mineral Wealth of the California Desert 1980, 457-466. South Coast Geological Society, Santa Ana, CA.
25. Carter W.E., Shrestha R.L., Slatton K.C. Geodetic laser scanning. Physics Today 2007, 60:41-47.
26. Chavelier M.-L., Ryerson R.J., Tapponnier P., Finkel R.C., Van der Woerd J., Haibing L., Qing L. Slip-rate measurements on the Karakorum fault may imply secular variations in fault motion. Science 2005, 307:411-414.
27. Chen L., Khan S.D. InSAR observation of the strike-slip faults in the northwest Himalayan frontal thrust system. Geosphere 2010, 6:731-736.
28. Chevalier M.-L., Ryerson F.J., Tapponnier P., Finkel R.C., Van Der Woerd J., Haibing L., Qing L. Slip-rate measurements on the Karakoram Fault may imply secular variations in fault motion. Science 2005, 307:411-414.
29. Cowgill E. Impact of riser reconstructions on estimation of secular variation in rates of strike slip faulting: revisiting the Cherchen River site along the Altyn Tagh fault, NW China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 254:239-255.
30. Cowgill E., Gold R.D., Chen X., Wang X.-F., Arrowsmith J.R., Southon J.R. Low Quaternary slip rate reconciles geodetic and geologic rates along the Altyn Tagh fault, northwestern Tibet. Geology 2009, 37:647-650.
31. Christie-Blick N., Biddle K.T. Deformation and basin formation along strike-slip faults. Strike-slip Deformation, Basin Formation, and Sedimentation 1985, 37:1-34. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK, Special Publication.
32. Cunningham W.D., Windley B.F., Owen L.A., Barry T., Dorjnamjaa D., Badamgarav G. Geometry and style of partitioned deformation within a Late Cenozoic transpressional zone in the eastern Gobi Altai Mountains, Mongolia. Tectonophysics 1997, 277:285-306.
33. Davis G.A., Burchfiel B.C. Garlock faulk: an inter-continental transform structure, southern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1973, 84:1407-1422.
34. Dawson T.E., McGill S.F., Rockwell T.E. Irregular recurrence of paleoearthquakes along the Central Garlock fault near El Paso Peaks, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(B7):2356.
35. 14C and cosmogenic techniques, western Transverse Ranges, California, USA. Quaternary Geochronology 2007, 2:129-136.
36. DeMets C., Dixon T.H. New kinematic models for Pacific-North America motion from 3 Ma to present, I: evidence for steady state motion and biases in the NUVEL-1A model. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:1921-1924.
37. Desilets D., Zreda M. Spatial and temporal distribution of secondary cosmic-ray nucleon intensities and applications to in-situ cosmogenic dating. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 206:21-42.
38. Desilets D., Zreda M., Prabu T. Extended scaling factors for in situ cosmogenic nuclides: new measurements at low latitude. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 246:265-276.
39. Dixon T.H., Miller M., Farina F., Wang H., Johnson D. Present-day motion of the Sierra Nevada block and some tectonic implications for the Basin and Range province, North America Cordillera. Tectonics 2000, 19:1-24.
40. Dixon T.H., Norabuena E., Hotaling L. Paleoseismology and global positioning system: earthquake-cycle effects and geodetic versus geologic fault slip rates in the eastern California shear zone. Geology 2003, 31:55-58.
41. Dixon T.H., Robaudo S., Lee J., Reheis M.C. Constraints on present-day Basin and Range deformation from space geodesy. Tectonics 1995, 14:755-772.
42. Dokka R.K., Travis C.J. The role of the Eastern California shear zone in accommodating Pacific-NorthAmerican plate motion. Geophysical Research Letters 1990, 17:1323-1326.
43. Dolan J.F., Bowman D.D., Sammis C.G. Long-range and long-term fault interactions in southern California. Geology 2007, 35:855-858.
44. Dortch J.M., Owen L.A., Schoenbohm L.M., Caffee M.W. Asymmetrical erosion and morphological development of the Ladakh Range, northern India. Geomorphology 2011, 135:167-180.
45. Dunai T. Influence of secular variation of the magnetic field on production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2001, 193:197-212.
46. Dunai T.J. Cosmogenic Nuclides: Principles, Concepts and Applications in the Earth Surface Sciences 2010, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 187 pp.
47. Faulds J.E., Henry C.D., Hinz N.H. Kinematics of the northern Walker Lane: an incipient transform fault along the Pacific-North America plate boundary. Geology 2005, 33:505-508.
48. Fialko Y. Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreas fault system. Nature 2006, 441:968-971.
49. Field E.H., Dawson T.E., Felzer K.R., et al. Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast, version 2 (UCERF 2). Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2009, 99:2053-2107.
50. 230Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2010, 122:1347-1359.
51. Frankel, K.L., 2007. Fault slip rates, constancy of seismic strain release, and landscape evolution in the eastern California shear zone. Ph.D. dissertation, Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 179 pp.
52. Frankel, K.L., 2010. Establishing rates of deformation along an evolving segment of the Pacific-North America plate boundary with cosmogenic nuclide and optically stimulated luminescence geochronology. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts with Programs, Denver, Abstract.
53. 36Cl geochronology of offset alluvial fans along the northern Death Valley fault zone: implications for transient strain in the eastern California shear zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112. 10.1029/2006JB004350.
54. Frankel K.L., Dolan J.F. Characterizing arid region alluvial fan surface roughness with airborne laser swath mapping digital topographic data. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112. 10.1029/2006JF000644.
55. 10Be geochronology. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34. 10.1029/2007GL030549.
56. Frankel K.L., Dolan J.F., Owen L.A., Ganev P., Finkel R.C. Spatial and temporal constancy of seismic strain release along an evolving segment of the Pacific-North America plate boundary. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 304:565-576.
57. Frankel K.L., Lee J., Bishop K., Dawers N., Ganev P., Unruh J., Owen L.A. Miocene - Quaternary tectonic evolution of the northern eastern California shear zone. Geologic excursions in California and Nevada: Tectonics, stratigraphy and hydrogeology. Pacific Section 2010, vol. 108:173-231. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Book.
58. Frankel K.L., Wegmann K.W., Bayasgalan A., et al. Late Pleistocene slip rate of the Höh Serh-Tsagaan Salaa fault zone, Mongolian Altai and intracontinental deformation in central Asia. Geophysical Journal International 2010, 183:1134-1150.
59. Friedrich A.M., Lee J., Wernicke B.P., Sieh K. Geologic context of geodetic data across a Basin and Range normal fault, Crescent Valley, Nevada. Tectonics 2004, 23. 10.1029/2003TC001528.
60. Gan W., Svarc J.L., Savage J.C., Prescott W.H. Strain accumulation across the eastern California shear zone at latitude 36°30' N. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:16229-16236.
61. Ganev P.N., Dolan J.F., Frankel K.L., Finkel R.C. Rates of extension along the Fish Lake Valley fault and transtensional deformation in the eastern California shear zone-Walker Lane belt. Lithosphere 2010, 2:33-49.
62. Ganev P.N., Dolan J.F., McGill S.F., Frankel K.L. Constancy of geologic slip rate along the central Garlock fault: implications for strain accumulation and release in southern California. Geophysical Journal International 2012, 190:745-760.
63. Gardner T.W., Jorgensen D.W., Shuman C., Lemieux C. Geomorphic and tectonic process rates: effects of measured time interval. Geology 1987, 15:259-261.
64. Garfunkel Z., Zak I., Freund R. Active faulting in the Dead Rift. Tectonophysics 1981, 80:1-26.
65. Gold R.D., Cowgill E. Derivation of fault-slip histories from dated and displaced landforms to test for secular variation in slip. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 301:52-64.
66. Gold R.D., Cowgill E., Arrowsmith J.R., Gosse J., Chen X., Wang X.-F. Riser diachroneity, lateral erosion, and uncertainty in rates of strike-slip faulting: a case study from Tuzidun along the Altyn Tagh fault, NW China. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114. 10.1029/2008JB005913.
67. Gold R.D., Cowgill E., Arrowsmith J.R., Chen X., Sharp W.D., Cooper K.M., Wang X.-F. Faulted terrace risers place new constraints on the late Quaternary slip rate for the central Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet. GSA Bulletin 2001, 123:958-978.
68. Gosse J.C., Phillips F.M. Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application. Quaternary Science Reviews 2001, 20:1475-1560.
69. Gourmelen N., Dixon T.H., Amelung F., Schmalzle G. Acceleration and evolution of faults: an example from the Hunter Mountain-Panamint Valley fault zone, eastern California. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 301:337-344.
70. Granger, D.E., 2006. A review of burial dating methods using 26Al and 10Be, In: Siame, L.L., Bourles, D.L., Brown, E.T., (Eds.), In-Situ-Produced Cosmogenic Nuclides and Quantification of Geological Processes. Geological Society of America Special Paper 415, pp. 1-16.
71. Granger D.E., Kirchner J.W., Finkel R. Spatially averaged long-term erosion rates measured from in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclide in alluvial sediment. Journal of Geology 1996, 104:249-257.
72. Guest B., Niemi N., Wernicke B. Stateline fault system: a new component of the Miocene-Quaternary eastern California shear zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2007, 119:1337-1346.
73. Guest B., Pavlis T.L., Golding H., Serpa L. Chasing the Garlock: a study of tectonic response to vertical axis rotation. Geology 2003, 21:553-556.
74. Hearn E.H., Humphreys E.D. Kinematics of the southern Walker Lane Belt and motion of the Sierra Nevada block, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103:27033-27049.
75. Hilley G.E., Arrowsmith J.R. Geomorphic response to uplift along the Dragon's Back pressure ridge, Carrizo Plain, California. Geology 2008, 36:367-370.
76. Hough S.E., Hutton K. Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2008, 98:913-949.
77. W 7.1) from airborne laser swath mapping. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2002, 92:1570-1576.
78. Humphreys E.D., Weldon R.J. Deformation across the western United States: a local estimate of Pacific-North America transform deformation. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:19975-20010.
79. King N.E., Savage J.C. Strain-rate profile across the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas faults near Palm Springs, California, 1973-1981. Geophysical Research Letters 1983, 10:55-57.
80. Kirby E., Burbank D.W., Reheis M., Phillips F. Temporal variations in slip rate of the White Mountain Fault Zone, eastern California. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 248:153-170.
81. Kirby E., Harkins N., Wang E., Shi X., Fan C., Burbank D. Slip rate gradients along the eastern Kunlun fault. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC2010. 10.1029/2006TC002033.
82. Kreemer C., Holt W.E., Haines A.J. An integrated global model of present-day motions and plate boundary deformation. Geophyicsal Journal International 2003, 154:8-34.
83. Lal D. Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces: in situ nuclide production rates and erosion models. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1991, 104:424-439.
84. Lee J., Rubin C.M., Calvert A. Quaternary faulting history along the Deep Springs fault, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2001, 113:855-869.
85. Lee J., Stockli D.F., Owen L.A., Finkel R.C., Kislitsyn R. Exhumation of the Inyo Mountains, California: implications for the timing of extension along the western boundary of the Basin and Range Province and distribution of dextral fault slip rates across the eastern California shear zone. Tectonics 2009, 28. 10.1029/2008TC002295.
86. Lifton N., Bieber J., Clem J., Duldig M., Evenson P., Humble J., Pyle R. Addressing solar modulation and long-term uncertainties in scaling secondary cosmic rays for in situcosmogenic nuclide applications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 239:140-161.
87. Liu-Zeng J., Klinger Y., Sieh K., Rubin C., Seitz G. Serial ruptures of the San Andreas fault, Carrizo Plain, California, revealed by three-dimensional excavations. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B02306.
88. Lyon-Caen H., Barrier E., Lasserre C., et al. Kinematics of the North American-Caribbean-Cocos plates in Central America from new GPS measurements across the Polochic-Motagua fault system. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L19309.
89. Matmon A., Schwartz D.P., Haeussler P.J., Finkel R., Lienkaemper J.J., Stenner H.D., Dawson T.E. Denali fault slip rates and Holocene-late Pleistocene kinematics of central Alaska. Geology 2006, 34:645-648.
90. McClusky S.C., Bjornstad S.C., Hager B.H., et al. Present-day kinematics of the Eastern California shear zone from a geodetically constrained block model. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:3369-3372.
91. McGill S.F., Sieh K. Surficial offsets on the central and eastern Garlock fault associated with prehistoric earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research 1991, 96:21,597-21,621.
92. McGill S.F., Wells S.G., Fortner S.K., Kuzma H.A., McGill J.D. Slip rate of the western Garlock fault, at Clark Wash, near Lone Tree Canyon, Mojave Desert, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2009, 121:536-554.
93. Meade B.J. Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone. Geology 2007, 35:81-84.
94. Meade B.J., Hager B.H. Block models of crustal motion in southern California constrained by GPS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110. 10.1029/2004JB003209.
95. Meisling K.E., Weldon R.J. Late Cenozoic tectonics of the northwestern San Bernardino Mountains, southern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1989, 101:106-128.
96. Merritts D., Bull W.B. Interpreting Quaternary uplift rates at the Mendocino triple junction, northern California, from uplifted marine terraces. Geology 1989, 17:1020-1024.
97. Mériaux A.-S., Ryerson F.J., Tapponnier P., et al. Rapid slip along the central Altyn Tagh fault: morphochronologic evidence from Cherchen He and Sulamu Tagh. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B06401.
98. Mériaux A.-S., Tapponnier P., Ryerson F.J., et al. The Aksay segment of the northern Altyn Tagh fault: tectonic geomorphology, landscape evolution, and Holocene slip rate. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:B04404.
99. Mériaux A.-S., Sieh K., Finkel R.C., Rubin C.M., Taylor M.H., Meltzner A.J., Ryerson F.J. Kinematic behavior of southern Alaska constrained by westward decreasing postglacial slip rates on the Denali fault, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:B03404.
100. Miller M.M., Johnson D.J., Dixon T.H., Dokka R.K. Refined kinematics of the eastern California shear zone from GPS observations, 1993-1994. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:2245-2263.
101. Molnar P., Dayem K.E. Major intracontinental strike-slip faults and contrasts in lithospheric strength. Geosphere 2010, 6:444-467.
102. Molnar P., Stock J.M. Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics. Tectonics 2009, 28. TC3001. 10.1029/2008TC002271.
103. Molnar P., Tapponnier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision. Science 1975, 189:419-426.
104. Molnar P., Tapponnier P. Active tectonics of Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research 1978, 83:5361-5375.
105. Nicol A., Walsh J., Mouslopoulou V., Villamor P. Earthquake histories and Holocene acceleration of fault displacement rates. Geology 2009, 37:911-914.
106. Niemi N.A., Oskin M., Burbank D.W., Heimsath A.M., Gabet E.J. Effects of bedrock landslides on cosmogenically determined erosion rates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 237:480-498.
107. 10Be AMS standards. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, B 2007, 258:403-413.
108. Noller J.S., Sowers J.M., Lettis W.R. Quaternary Geochronology: Methods and Applications 2000, American Geophysical Union, Washington, 582 pp.
109. Norris R.J., Cooper A.F. Late Quaternary slip rates and slip partitioning on the Alpine fault, New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology 2001, 23:507-520.
110. Oldow J.S. Active transtensional boundary zone between the western Great Basin and Sierra Nevada block, western U.S. Cordillera. Geology 2003, 31:1033-1036.
111. Oldow J.S., Singleton E.S. Application of terrestrial laser scanning in determining the pattern of late Pleistocene and Holocene fault displacement from the offset of pluvial lake shorelines in the Alvord extensional basin, northern Great Basin, USA. Geosphere 2008, 4:536-563.
112. Oskin M., Iriondo A. Large-magnitude transient strain accumulation on the Blackwater fault, eastern California shear zone. Geology 2004, 32:313-316.
113. Oskin M., Perg L., Blumentritt D., Mukhopadhyay S., Iriondo A. Slip rate of the Calico fault: implications for geologic versus geodetic rate discrepancy in the eastern California shear zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B03402.
114. Oskin M., Perg L., Shelef E., Strane M., Gurney E., Singer B., Zhang X. Elevated shear zone loading rate during an earthquake cluster in eastern California. Geology 2008, 36:507-510.
115. Oswald J.A., Wesnousky S.A. Neotectonics and Quaternary geology of the Hunter Mountain fault zone and Saline Valley region, southeastern California. Geomorphology 2002, 42:255-278.
116. Owen L.A., Bright J., Finkel R.C., et al. Numerical dating of a Late Quaternary spit-shoreline complex at the northern end of Silver Lake playa, Mojave Desert, California: a comparison of the applicability of radiocarbon, luminescence, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide, electron spin resonance, U-series and amino acid racemization methods. Quaternary International 2007, 166:87-100.
117. Owen L.A., Frankel K.L., Knott J.R., Reynhout S., Finkel R.C., Dolan J.F., Lee J. Beryllium-10 terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of Quaternary landforms in Death Valley. Geomorphology 2011, 125:541-557.
118. Peltzer G., Crampe F., Hensley S., Rosen P. Transient strain accumulation and fault interaction in the eastern California shear zone. Geology 2001, 29:975-978.
119. 10Be. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 226:193-205.
120. 14C dating of old (40-60ka) samples. Quaternary International 2007, 166:4-14.
121. Prentice C.S., Crosby C.J., Whitehill C.S., Arrowsmith J.R., Furlong K.P., Phillips D.A. GeoEarthscope LiDAR illuminates northern California's active faults. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 2009, 90:55.
122. Pysklywec R.N., Beaumont C., Fullsack P. Lithospheric deformation during the early stages of continental collision: numerical experiments and comparison with South Island, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107:213. 10.1029/2001JB000252.
123. Reheis M.C., Dixon T.H. Kinematics of the eastern California shear zone: evidence for slip transfer from Owens and Saline Valley fault zones to Fish Lake Valley fault zone. Geology 1996, 24:339-342.
124. Reiners P.W., Ehlers T.A. Low-temperature thermochronology: techniques, interpretations, and applications. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry 2005, 58:622.
125. Reiners P.W., Shuster D.L. Thermochronology and landscape evolution. Physics Today, X 2009, 31-36.
126. Rhodes E.J. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments over the past 200,000 years. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2011, 39:461-488.
127. Robinson A.C. Evidence against Quaternary slip on the northern Karakorum Fault suggests kinematic reorganization at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 286:158-170.
128. Robinson A.C. Geologic offsets across the northern Karakorum fault: implications for its role and terrane correlations in the western Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 286:158-170.
129. Rockwell T.K., Lindvall S., Herzberg M., Murbach D., Dawson T., Berger G. Paleoseismology of the Johnson Valley, Kickapoo, and Homestead Valley faults: clustering of earthquakes in the eastern California shear zone. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2001, 90:1200-1236. 10.1785/0119990023.
130. Rogers R.D., Mann P. Transtensional deformation of the western Caribbean-North America plate boundary zone. Geologic and Tectonic Development of the Caribbean Plate Boundary in Northern Central America 2007, 428:37-64. Geological Society of America Special.
131. Rotstein Y., Bartov Y., Hofstetter A. Active compressional tectonics in the Jericho area, the Dead Sea Rift. Tectonophysics 1991, 198:239-259.
132. Savage J.C., Lisowski M., Prescott W.H. An apparent shear zone trending northnorthwest across the Mojave Desert into Owens Valley, California. Geophysical Research Letters 1990, 17:2113-2116.
133. Sella, G.F., Dixon, T.H., Mao, A., 2002. REVEL: a model for Recent plate velocities from space geodesy. Journal of Geophysical Research 107. http://10.1029/2000JB000033.
134. Sieh K.E. Slip along the San Anreas fault associated with the great 1857 earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1978, 68:1421-1448.
135. Sieh K. Lateral offsets and revised dates of large earthquakes at Pallett Creek, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 1984, 89:7641-7670.
136. Sieh K.E., Jahns R.H. Holocene activity of the San Andreas fault at Wallace Creek, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1984, 95:883-896.
137. Snyder N.P., Whipple K.X., Tucker G.E., Merritts D.J. Channel response to tectonic forcing: field analysis of stream morphology and hydrology in the Mendocino triple junction region, northern California. Geomorphology 2003, 53:97-127.
138. Spotila, J.A., House, M.A., Niemi, N.A., Brady, R.C., Oskin, M., Buscher, J.T., 2007b. Mechanisms of transpression along the San Andreas fault, based on patterns of bedrock uplift. In: Till, A.B., Roeske, S.M., Sample, J.C., Foster, D.A. (Eds.), Exhumation Associated with Continental Strike-Slip Systems: Geological Society of America Special Paper, 434.
139. Spotila J.A., Niemi N., Brady R., House M., Buscher J., Oskin M. Long-term continental deformation associated with transpressive plate motion: the San Andreas fault. Geology 2007, 35:967-970.
140. Staiger J., Gosse J., Toracinta R., Oglesby B., Fastook J., Johnson J.V. Atmospheric scaling of cosmogenic nuclide production; climate effect. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112. 10.1029/2005JB003811.
141. Stone J.O. Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:23,753-23,759.
142. Summerfield M. Global Geomorphology 1991, Longman, Harlow, pp. 537.
143. Sutherland R., Berryman K., Norris R. Quaternary slip rate and geomorphology of the Alpine fault: implications for kinematics and seismic hazard in southwest New Zealand. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2006, 118:464-474.
144. Sylvester A.G. Strike-slip faults. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1988, 100:1666-1703.
145. Tapponnier P., Molnar P. Slip-line theory and large-scale continental tectonics. Nature 1976, 264:319-324.
146. Tapponnier P., Molnar P. Active faulting and tectonics in China. Journal of Geophysical Research 1977, 82:2095-2930.
147. Tapponnier P., Xu Z., Roger F., Meyer B., Arnaud N., Wittlinger G., Yang J. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science 2001, 294:1671-1677.
148. Taylor M., Peltzer G. Current slip rates on conjugate strike-slip faults in central Tibet using synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B12402.
149. Taylor, T.R., 2002. Origin and structure of the Poverty Hills, Owens Valley fault zone, Owens Valley, California. M.S. thesis, Miami University, Miami, OH, 93 pp.
150. Taylor, T.R., Dilek, Y., 2001. Origin of the Poverty Hills, Owens Valley, California, and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Owens Valley Basin. Geological Society Abstracts with Programs 33, A-395.
151. ten Brink U., Rybakov M., Al-Zoubi A.S., et al. Anatomy of the Dead Sea transform. Geology 1999, 27:887-890.
152. Thatcher W. How the continents deform: the evidence from tectonic geodesy. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2009, 37:237-262.
153. Thatcher W., Foulger G.R., Julian B.R., Svarc J., Quilty E., Bawden G.W. Present-day deformation across the Basin and Range province, western United States. Science 1999, 283:1714-1718.
154. Tsukamoto S., Duller G., Murray A., Choi J.-H. Application of luminescence dating to Quaternary tectonic movements and environmental change. Quaternary International 2009, 199:1-2.
155. USGS, 2011. Magnitude 7.0 - Haiti Region - Summary. USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010rja6.php%23summary.
156. van Calsteren P., Thomas L. Uranium-series dating application in natural environmental science. Earth Science Reviews 2006, 75:155-175.
157. van der Woerd J., Ryerson F.J., Tapponnier P., et al. Holocene left-slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dating on the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun fault (Qinghai, China). Geology 1998, 26:695-698.
158. van der Woerd J., Ryerson F.J., Tapponnier P., et al. Uniform slip-rate along the Kunlun fault: implications for seismic behaviour and large-scale tectonics. Geophysical Research Letters 2000, 27:2353-2356.
159. 14C dating of riser offsets, and climatic origin of the regional morphology. Geophysical Journal International 2002, 148:356-388.
160. Vedder, J.G., Wallace, R.E., 1970. Map showing recently active breaks along the San Andreas and related faults between Cholame Valley and Tejon Pass, California: US, Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1-574, scale 1:24000.
161. Wallace, R.E., 1968. In: Dickinson, W.R., Grantz, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of Conference On Geologic Problems of the San Andreas Fault System, Stanford University publications in the Geological Sciences, vol. 11.
162. Wallace, R.E., 1975. The San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain-Temblor Range region, California. In: Crowell, J.C., (Ed.), The San Andreas Fault in Southern California. California Division of Mines and Geology, Special Report 118, pp. 241-250.
163. Washburn Z., Arrowsmith J.R., Forman S.L., Cowgill E., Wang X., Zhang Y., Chen Z. Late Holocene earthquake history of the central Altyn Tagh fault, China. Geology 2001, 29:1051-1054.
164. Washburn Z., Arrowsmith J.R., Dupont-Nivet G., Wang X.-F., Zhang Y.-Q., Chen Z. Paleoseismology of the Xorxol segment of the Central Altyn Tagh fault, Xinjiang, China. Annals of Geophysics 2003, 5:1015-1034.
165. Waschbusch P., Batt G., Beaumont C. Subduction zones retreat and recent tectonics of the south island of New Zealand. Tectonics 1998, 17:267-284.
166. Weldon R., Scharer K., Fumal T., Biasi G. Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: what a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work. GSA Today 2004, 14:4-10.
167. Weldon R.J., Scharer K.M., Fumal T.E., Biasi G.P. Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: what a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work. GSA Today 2004, 14:4-10.
168. Weldon R.J., Funal T.E., Biasi G.P., Scharer K.M. Past and future earthquakes on the San Andreas fault. Science 2005, 308:966-967.
169. Wernicke B., Davis J.L., Bennett R.A., Normandeau J.E., Friedrich A.M., Niemi N.A. Tectonic implications of a dense continuous GPS velocity field at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B12404.
170. Wernicke B., Friedrich A.M., Niemi N.A., Bennett R.A., Davis J.L. Dynamics of plate boundary fault systems from Basin and Range Geodetic Network (BARGEN) and geologic data. GSA Today 2000, 10:1-7.
171. Wernicke B., Niemi N., Davis J.L., Bisnath S., Elosegui P. Tectonic megaoscillators: implications for large-scale stress transfer in the lithosphere. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 2005, 36. Abstract 55-13.
172. Wesnousky S.G. The San Andreas and Walker Lane fault systems, western North America: transpression, transtension, cumulative slip and the structural evolution of a major transform plate boundary. Journal of Structural Geology 2005, 27:1505-1512.
173. Wesnousky, S.G., Aranguren, R., Rengifo, M., Owen, L.A., Caffee, M.W., Murari, M.K., Perez, O.J. 2012. Towards quantifying geomorphic rates of crustal displacement, landscape development, and the age of glaciation in the Venezuelan Andes. Geomorphology, in preparation.
174. Yanites B.J., Tucker G.E., Anderson R.S. Numerical and analytical models of cosmogenic radionuclide dynamics in landslide-dominated drainage basins. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114. 10.1029/2008JF001088.
175. Yin A., Harrison T.M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2000, 28:211-280.
176. Zechar J.D., Frankel K.L. Incorporating and reporting uncertainties in fault slip rates. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth 2009, 114. 10.1029/2009JB006325.
177. Zielke, O. 2011. LaDiCaoz. http://www.public.asu.edu/~ozielke/programs_tools/index.html.
178. Zielke O., Arrowsmith J.R., Ludwig L.G., Akçiz S.O. Slip in the 1857 and Earlier Large Earthquakes Along the Carrizo Plain, San Andreas Fault. Science 2010, 327:1119-1122.