Motor learning versus standard walking exercise in older adults with subclinical gait dysfunction: A randomized clinical trial

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 61, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1879-1886

  Brach, Jennifer S ^a   Van Swearingen, Jessie M ^a   Perera, Subashan ^b   Wert, David M ^a   Studenski, Stephanie ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

clinical trial; exercise; motor learning

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COORDINATION; ENDURANCE TRAINING; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GAIT; GAIT DISORDER; HUMAN; LATE LIFE FUNCTION AND DISABILITY INSTRUMENT; MALE; MOTOR LEARNING EXERCISE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; PHYSICAL MOBILITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESISTANCE TRAINING; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; TREADMILL EXERCISE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING; WALKING SPEED;

CLINICAL TRIAL; EXERCISE; MOTOR LEARNING;

AGED; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMALE; GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC; HUMANS; LEARNING; MALE; MOTOR SKILLS; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD; WALKING;

EID: 84887610383     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12506     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health: A recommendation from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA 1995; 273: 402-407.
2. Brach JS, Studenski S, Perera S, et al. Stance time and step width variability have unique contributing impairments in older persons. Gait Posture 2008; 27: 431-439.
3. Ferrucci L, Baninelli S, Benvenuti E, et al. Subsystems contributing to the decline in ability to walk: Bridging the gap between epidemiology and geriatric practice in the InCHIANTI study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 1618-1625.
4. Inzitari M, Baldereschi M, Carlo AD, et al. Impaired attention predicts motor performance decline in older community-dwellers with normal baseline mobility: Results from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62A: M837-M843.
5. Snijders AH, van de Warrenburg BP, Giladi N, et al. Neurological gait disorders in elderly people: Clinical approach and classification. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 63-74.
6. Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports 2007; 39: 1435-1445.
7. King LA, Horak FB,. Delaying mobility disability in people with Parkinson disease using a sensorimotor agility exercise program. Phys Ther 2009; 89: 384-393.
8. Morris ME, Iansek R, Kirkwood B,. A randomized controlled trial of movement strategies compared with exercise for people with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009; 24: 64-71.
9. Morris ME, Iansek R, Matyas TA, et al. Stride length regulation in Parkinson's disease. Normalization strategies and underlying mechanisms. Brain 1996; 119: 551-568.
10. Handford C, Davids K, Bennett S, et al. Skill acquisition in sport: Some applications of an evolving practice ecology. J Sports Sci 1997; 15: 621-640.
11. Brooks VB,. The Neural Basis of Motor Control. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
12. Welford AT,. Motor skills and aging. In:, Mortimer JA, Pirozzolo FJ, Maletta GJ, eds. The Aging Motor System. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982, pp 152-187.
13. Welford AT,. Reaction time, speed of performance, and age. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 515: 1-17.
14. Milton J, Solodkin A, Hlustik P, et al. The mind of expert motor performance is cool and focused. Neuroimage 2007; 35: 804-813.
15. Milton JG, Small SS, Solodkin A,. On the road to automatic: Dynamic aspects in the development of expertise. J Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 21: 134-143.
16. Van Swearingen JM, Perera S, Brach JS, et al. Exercise to improve gait efficiency: Impact on activity and participation in older adults with mobility limitations. Phys Ther 2011; 91: 1740-1751.
17. Van Swearingen JM, Perera S, Brach JS, et al. A randomized trial of two forms of therapeutic activity to improve walking: Effect on the energy cost of walking. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64A: 1190-1198.
18. Hess RJ, Brach JS, Piva SR, et al. Walking skill can be assessed in older adults: Validity of figure-of-8 walk test. Phys Ther 2010; 90: 89-99.
19. Lowry KA, Brach JS, Nebes RD, et al. Contributions of cognitive function to straight- and curved-path walking in older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 93: 802-807.
20. Odonkor CA, Thomas JC, Holt N, et al. A comparison of straight- and curved-path walking tests among mobility-limited older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glt060
21. Hibbs RM, Van Swearingen JM, Studenski SA, et al. Curved path walking predicts 12-month physical function in older adults without mobility limited physical function. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60: S70.
22. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR,. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psych Res 1975; 12: 189-198.
23. Nelson WL,. Physical principles for economies of skilled movements. Biol Cybern 1983; 46: 135-147.
24. Daly JJ, Ruff RL,. Construction of efficacious gait and upper limb functional interventions based on brain plasticity evidence and model-based measures for stroke patients. ScientificWorldJournal 2007; 7: 2031-2045.
25. Lay BS, Sparrow WA, Hughes KM, et al. Practice effects on coordination and control, metabolic energy expenditure, and muscle activation. Hum Mov Sci 2002; 21: 807-830.
26. Newman MA, Dawes H, van den Berg M, et al. Can aerobic treadmill training reduce the effort of walking and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Mult Scler 2007; 13: 113-119.
27. Gentile A,. Skill acquisition: Action, movement, and neuromotor processes. In:, Carr JH, Shepherd RB, Gordon J, et al., eds. Movement Sciences, 1st Ed. Rockville, MD: Aspen Publishers, 1987, pp 93-154.
28. Polcyn AF, Lipsitz LA, Kerrigan CD, et al. Age-related changes in the initiation of gait: Degradation of central mechanisms for momentum generation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79: 1582-1589.
29. Capaday C,. The special nature of human walking and its neural control. Trends Neurosci 2002; 25: 370-376.
30. Alexander RM,. Walking made simple. Science 2005; 308: 58-59.
31. Schmidt RA,. Organizing and scheduling practice. In:, Schmidt RA, ed. Motor Learning and Practice: From Principles to Practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1991, pp 199-225.
32. Kenney WL, Humphrey RH, Bryant CX, et al. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 5th Ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
33. Boyd R, Rodda J, Olesch C, et al. High- or low-technology measurements of energy expenditure in clinical gait analysis? Dev Med Child Neurol 1999; 41: 676-682.
34. MacGregor J,. The objective measurement of physical performance with long term ambulatory physiological surveillance equipment (LAPSE). In:, Stott FD, Raftery EB, Goulding L, eds. ISAM 1979: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Ambulatory Monitoring. London: Academic Press, 1980, pp 29-39.
35. Bernardi M, Macaluso A, Sproviero E, et al. Cost of Walking and locomotor impairment. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 1999; 9: 149-157.
36. Macko RF, Smith GV, Dobrovolny NA, et al. Treadmill training improves fitness reserve in chronic stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82: 879-884.
37. Waters RL, Lunsford BR,. Energy cost of paraplegic ambulation. J Bone Joint Surg 1985; 67: 1245-1250.
38. Brach JS, Perera S, Studenski S, et al. Reliability and validity of measures of gait variability in community-dwelling older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89: 2293-2296.
39. Butland RJA, Pang J, Gross ER, et al. Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease. BMJ 1982; 284: 1607-1608.
40. Harada N, Chiu V, Darmon-Rodriguez J, et al. Screening for balance and mobility impairment in elderly individuals living in residential care facilities. Phys Ther 1995; 75: 462-469.
41. Harada ND, Chiu V, Stewart AL,. Mobility-related function in older adults: Assessment with a 6-minute walk test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 837-841.
42. Guyatt GH, Sullivan MJ, Thompson PJ,. The 6-minute walk: A new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Can Med Assoc J 1985; 132: 919-923.
43. Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 1994; 49: M85-M94.
44. Haley SM, Jette AM, Coster WJ, et al. Late life function and disability instrument: II. Development and evaluation of the function component. J Gerontol 2002; 57A: M217-M222.
45. Jette AM, Haley SM, Coster WJ, et al. Late life function and disability instrument: I. Development and evaluation of the disability component. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002; 57A: M209-M216.
46. Cohen J,. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.
47. Waters R,. Energy expenditure. In:, Perry J, ed. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathologic Function. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Inc., 2004, pp 443-489.
48. Sayers SP, Jette AM, Haley SM, et al. Validation of the late-life function and disability instrument. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 1554-1559.
49. Perera S, Mody SH, Woodman RC, et al. Meaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006; 54: 743-749.
50. Malatesta D, Simar D, Dauvilliers Y, et al. Energy cost of walking and gait instability in healthy 65- and 80-yr-olds. J Appl Physiol 2003; 95: 2248-2256.
51. Donelan JM, Kram R, Kuo AD,. Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of human walking. J Exp Biol 2002; 205: 3717-3727.
52. McGibbon CA, Krebs DE, Puniello MS,. Mechanical energy analysis identifies compensatory strategies in disabled elders' gait. J Biomech 2001; 34: 481-490.
53. Van Swearingen JM, Perera S, Brach JS, et al. Exercise to reduce the energy cost of walking: A randomized trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64A: 1190-1198.
54. Cesari M, Kritchevsky S, Bauer DC, et al. Prognostic value of usual gait speed in well-functioning older people-results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 1675-1680.
55. Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, et al. Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA 2011; 305: 50-58.
56. Hardy SE, Perera S, Roumani YF, et al. Improvement in usual gait speed predicts better survival in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55: 1727-1734.
57. Helbostad JL, Sletvold O, Moe-Nilssen R,. Home training with and without additional group training in physically frail older people living at home: Effect on health-related quality of life and ambulation. Clin Rehabil 2004; 18: 498-508.