Stride length regulation in Parkinson's disease: Normalization strategies and underlying mechanisms

Brain

Volumn 119, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 551-568

  Morris, Meg E ^a,b   Iansek, Robert ^a   Matyas, Thomas A ^b   Summers, Jeffery J ^c  

^a Kingston Centre   (Australia)

^b LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Attention; Basal ganglia; Gait; Parkinson's disease

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; BASAL GANGLION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; HYPOKINESIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTONEURON; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VISUAL STIMULATION;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ATTENTION; CUES; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARKINSON DISEASE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0029981855     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/119.2.551     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Aita JF. Why patients with Parkinson's disease fall. JAMA 1982, 247: 515-16.
2. Bagley S, Kelly B, Tunnicliffe N, Turnbull GI, Walker JM. The effect of visual cues on the gait of independently mobile Parkinson's disease patients. Physiotherapy 1991; 77: 415-20.
3. Banks MA, Caird FI. Physiotherapy benefits patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Rehabil 1989; 3: 11-16.
4. Benecke R, Rothwell JC, Dick JPR, Day BL, Marsden CD Performance of simultaneous movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain 1986; 109: 739-57.
5. Benton AL, Hamsher K De S. Multilingual aphasia examination revised. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1983.
6. Berardelli A, Dick JPR, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD. Scaling of the size of the first agonist EMG burst during rapid wrist movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49: 1273-9.
7. Box GEP, Jenkins GM. Time series analysis: forecasting and control. Rev. ed. San Francisco: Holden Day, 1976.
8. Bradshaw JL, Waterfall ML, Phillips JG, Iansek R, Mattingley JB, Bradshaw JA. Re-orientation of attention in Parkinson's disease: an extension to the vibrotactile modality. Neuropsychologia 1993; 31: 51-66.
9. Brotchie P, Iansek R, Horne MK. Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. 1. Neuronal discharge and parameters of movement. Brain 1991a; 114: 1667-83.
10. Brotchie P, Iansek R, Horne MK. Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. 2. Cognitive aspects of movement and phasic neuronal activity. Brain 1991b; 114: 1685-702.
11. Brown RG, Marsden CD. Dual task performance and processing resources in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain 1991; 114: 215-31.
12. Cunnington R, Iansek R, Bradshaw JL, Phillips J. Movement-related potentials in Parkinson's disease: presence and predictability of temporal and spatial cues. Brain 1995; 118: 935-50.
13. Dalrymple-Alford JC, Kalders AS, Jones RD, Watson RW. A central executive deficit in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 360-7.
14. Fitts PM. Perceptual-motor skills learning. In: Melton AW, editor. Categories of human learning. New York: Academic Press, 1964: 243-85.
15. Formisano R, Pratesi L, Modarelli FT, Bonifati V, Meco G. Rehabilitation and Parkinson's disease. Scand J Rehabil Med 1992; 24: 157-60.
16. Forssberg H, Johnels B, Steg G. Is parkinsonian gait caused by a regression to an immature walking pattern? Adv Neurol 1984; 40: 375-9.
17. Georgiou N, Iansek R, Bradshaw JL, Phillips JG, Mattingley JB, Bradshaw JA. An evaluation of the role of internal cues in the pathogenesis of parkinsonian hypokinesia. Brain 1993; 116: 1575-87.
18. Georgiou N, Bradshaw JL, Iansek R, Phillips JG, Mattingley JB, Bradshaw JA. Reduction in external cues and movement sequencing in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 368-70.
19. Grillner S, Stein PSG, Stuart DG, Forssberg H, Herman RM, editors. Neurobiology of vertebrate locomotion. Wenner-Gren Centre International Symposium Series, Vol. 45. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986.
20. Hallett M, Khoshbin S. A physiological mechanism of bradykinesia. Brain 1980; 103: 301-14.
21. Iansek R, Bradshaw J, Phillips J, Cunnington R, Morris ME. Interaction of the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area in the elaboration of movement. In: Glencross D, Piek J, editors. Motor control and sensorimotor integration. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995: 49-60.
22. Kimura M, Aosaki T, Hu Y, Ishida A, Watanabe K. Activity of primate putamen neurons is selective to the mode of voluntary movement: visually guided, self-initiated or memory-guided. Exp Brain Res 1992; 89: 473-7.
23. Klawans HL. Individual manifestations of Parkinson's disease after ten or more years of levodopa. Mov Disord 1986; 1: 187-92.
24. Kokmen E, Naessens JM, Offord KP. A short test of mental status: description and preliminary results. Mayo Clin Proc 1987; 62: 281-9.
25. Marsden CD. Parkinson's disease [see comments]. [Review]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 672-81. Comment in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58: 392. Comment in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58: 521.
26. Marsden CD. Parkinson's disease [see comments]. [Review]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 672-81. Comment in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58: 392. Comment in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58: 521.
27. Marsden CD. Parkinson's disease [see comments]. [Review]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 672-81. Comment in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58: 392. Comment in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58: 521.
28. Marsden CD, Parkes JD, Quinn N. Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson's disease: clinical aspects. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S, editors. Movement disorders. London: Butterworth, 1982: 96-122.
29. Martin JP. The basal ganglia and posture. London: Pitman Medical, 1967.
30. Martin KE, Phillips JG, Bradshaw J, Iansek R. Could bradykensia in Parkinson's simply be compensation? J. Neurol 1994; 241: 439-47.
31. Morris ME, Iansek R. Characteristics of motor disturbance in Parkinson's disease and strategies for movement rehabilitation. J Hum Mov Sci 1996. In press.
32. Morris ME, Iansek R, Matyas TA, Summers JJ. The pathogenesis of gait hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1994a; 117: 1169-81.
33. Morris ME, Iansek R, Matyas TA, Summers JJ. Ability to modulate walking cadence remains intact in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994b; 57: 1532-4.
34. Morris ME, Iansek R, Summers JJ, Matyas. Motor control considerations for the rehabilitation of gait in Parkinson's disease. In: Glencross D, Piek J, editors. Motor control and sensorimotor integration. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996. In press.
35. Mushiake H, Inase M, Tanji J. Selective coding of motor sequence in the supplementary motor area of the monkey cerebral cortex. Exp Brain Res 1990; 82: 208-10.
36. Pearson KG, Rossignol S. Fictive motor patterns in chronic spinal cats. J Neurophysiol 1991; 66: 1874-87.
37. Phillips JG, Martin KE, Bradshaw JL, Iansek R. Could bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease simply be compensation? J Neurol 1994; 241: 439-47.
38. Quintyn M, Cross E. Factors affecting the ability to initiate movement in Parkinson's disease. Phys Occ Ther Geriatrics 1986; 6: 51-60.
39. Schenkman M. Physical therapy intervention for the ambulatory patient. In. Turnbull GI, editor. Physical therapy management of Parkinson's disease. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1992: 137-92.
40. Schmidt RA. Motor control and learning. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1983.
41. Schwab RS, Chafetz ME, Walker S. Control of two simultaneous voluntary motor acts in normals and in parkinsonism. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1954; 72: 591-8.
42. Seitz RJ, Roland PE. Learning of sequential finger movements in man: a combined kinematic and positron emission tomography (PET) study. Eur J Neurosci 1992; 4: 154-65.
43. Sheridan MR, Flowers KA, Hurrell J. Programming and execution of movement in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1987; 110: 1247-71.
44. Summers JJ, Burns BD. Timing in human movement sequences. In: Block RA, editor. Cognitive models of psychological time. New York: Erlbaum. 1990: 181-205.
45. Talland GA, Schwab RS. Performance with multiple sets in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 1964; 2: 45-53.
46. Wall JC, Turnbull GI. The kinematics of gait. In: Turnbull GI, editor. Physical therapy management of Parkinson's disease. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1992: 49-67.
47. Webster DD. Critical analysis of the disability in Parkinson's disease. Mod Treat 1968; 5: 257-82.
48. Weissenborn S. The effect of using a two-step verbal cue to a visual target above eye level on the parkinsonian gait: a case study. Physiotherapy 1993; 79: 26-31.
49. Winter DA. Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1990.
50. Yekutiel MP, Pinhasov A, Shahar G, Sroka H. A clinical trial of the re-education of movement in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Rehabil 1991; 5: 207-14.