New Approaches to Treating Cardiac Cachexia in the Older Patient

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 480-484

  Azhar, Gohar ^a,b   Wei, Jeanne Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES   (United States)

^b not available   (United States)

Author keywords

Catabolic state; Congestive heart failure; Cytokines; Decline; Inflammation; Muscle wasting; Sarcopenia; Weakness; Weight loss

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN II; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CATECHOLAMINE; HYDROCORTISONE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; NORADRENALIN; PROTEIN KINASE B; RENIN; TRACE ELEMENT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UBIQUITIN;

ANOREXIA; CACHEXIA; CARDIAC CACHEXIA; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DIETARY INTAKE; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALABSORPTION; MUSCLE ATROPHY; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84887529377     PISSN: 19329520     EISSN: 19329563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12170-013-0353-6     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Wei JY. Age and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 1992;327: 1735-9.
2. Forman DE, Wei JY. Congestive heart failure in the elderly. In: Sheehan MN, Wei JY, editors. Geriatric Medicine: A case-based manual. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997. p. 67-79.
3. Samuel RS, Hausdorff J, Wei JY. Congestive heart failure with preserved systolic function: is it a woman's disease? Women's Health Issues. 1999;9: 219-22.
4. Kyne L, Hausdorff JM, Knight E, Dukas L, Azhar G, Wei JY. Neutrophilia and congestive heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2000;139: 94-100.
5. Azhar G, Wei JY. In: Lang F, editor. Mechanisms of heart failure. Encyclopedia of molecular mechanisms of disease. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 2009. p. 781-2.
6. Genth-Zotz S, von Haehling S, Bolger AP, Kalra PR, Wensel R, Coats AJ, et al. Pathophysiologic quantities of endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in whole blood from patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(11): 1226-30. PubMed PMID: 12450603.
7. Melenovsky V, Kotrc M, Borlaug BA, Marek T, Kovar J, Malek I et al. Relationships between Right Ventricular Function, Body Composition and Prognosis in Advanced Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jul 20 [Epub].
8. Pureza V, Florea VG. Mechanisms for Cachexia in Heart Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2013 Aug 8 [Epub].
9. Christensen HM, Kistorp C, Schou M, Keller N, Zerahn B, Frystyk J, et al. Prevalence of cachexia in chronic heart failure and characteristics of body composition and metabolic status. Endocrine. 2013;43(3): 626-34.
10. Callahan DM, Toth MJ. Skeletal muscle protein metabolism in human heart failure. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013;16(1): 66-71.
11. von Haehling S, Anker SD, Doehner W, Morley JE, Vellas B. Frailty and heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Aug 7[Epub].
12. Szabó T, Scherbakov N, Sandek A, Kung T, von Haehling S, Lainscak M et al. Plasma adiponectin in heart failure with and without cachexia: Catabolic signal linking catabolism, symptomatic status, and prognosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013 Jun 18 [Epub]. This study showed that a high adiponectin level was an independent prognostic indicator of cardiac cachexia severity and was significantly associated with morbidity and mortality.
13. Barbosa-Ferreira JM, Fernandes F, Dabarian A, Mady C. Leptin in heart failure. Expert Opin Med Diagn. 2013;7(1): 113-7.
14. Zamboni M, Rossi A, Corzato F, Bambace C, Mazzali G, Fantin F. Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2013 Jan 15. This study describes the pathophysiological abnormalities in the muscle that distinguishes sarcopenia from cardiac cachexia.
15. Fülster S, Tacke M, Sandek A, Ebner N, Tschöpe C, Doehner W, et al. Muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the studies investigating co-morbidities aggravating heart failure (SICA-HF). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(7): 512-9.
16. Valentová M, von Haehling S, Doehner W, Murín J, Anker SD, Sandek A. Liver dysfunction and its nutritional implications in heart failure. Nutrition. 2013;29(2): 370-8.
17. Azhar G, Wei JY. Nutrition and cardiac cachexia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006;9: 18-23.
18. Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Muscle wasting: The gut microbiota as a new therapeutic target? Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013 Jul 4 [Epub]. This review describes evidence for the role of gut microbiota in muscle wasting and the potential therapeutic options targeting the gut-muscle axis for prevention and treatment.
19. Mondal AK, Das SK, Varma V, Nolen GT, McGehee RE, Elbein SC, et al. Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on inflammation and adiponectin regulation in human adipocytes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2012;10(4): 297-306.
20. Perkel D, Naghi J, Agarwal M, Morrissey RP, Phan A, Willix Jr RD, et al. Potential effects of IGF-1 and GH on patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2012;17(1): 72-8. doi: 10. 1177/1074248411402078. Epub 2011 Mar 31. Review. PubMed PMID: 21454724.
21. Yoshida T, Tabony AM, Galvez S, Mitch WE, Higashi Y, Sukhanov S, et al. Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting: Potential therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013. doi: 10. 1016/j. biocel. PubMed PMID: 23769949.
22. Szabó T, Postrach E, Mähler A, Kung T, Turhan G, von Haehling S et al. Increased catabolic activity in adipose tissue of patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013 May 21 [Epub].
23. Yoshida T, Tabony AM, Galvez S, Mitch WE, Higashi Y, Sukhanov S, et al. Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting: Potential therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013. doi: 10. 1016/j. biocel. 2013. 05. 035. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23769949. This study enumerates RAS or Ang II signaling blockade as a promising target for the treatment of muscle atrophy or cachexia.
24. Adams V, Linke A, Wisloff U, Döring C, Erbs S, Kränkel N, et al. Myocardial expression of Murf-1 and MAFbx after induction of chronic heart failure: effect on myocardial contractility. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73(1): 120-9. PMID: 17145048.
25. Schiaffino S, Dyar KA, Ciciliot S, Blaauw B, Sandri M. Mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy. FEBS J. 2013;280(17): 4294-314. doi: 10. 1111/febs. 12253. Epub 2013 Apr 17. PubMed PMID: 23517348.
26. Rozentryt P, von Haehling S, Lainscak M, Nowak JU, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Polonski L, et al. The effects of a high-caloric protein-rich oral nutritional supplement in patients with chronic heart failure and cachexia on quality of life, body composition, and inflammation markers: a randomized, double-blind pilot study. J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1(1): 35-42. This study showed that high calorie-protein supplements can significantly improve quality of life and reduce serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in cardiac cachexia.
27. Johnson C, Williams R, Wei JY, Ranganathan G. Regulation of serum response factor and adiponectin by PPARγ agonist docosahexaenoic acid. J Lipids. 2011;2011: 670479.
28. Steinman J, DeBoer MD. Treatment of cachexia: melanocortin and ghrelin interventions. Vitam Horm. 2013;92: 197-242.
29. Schiaffino S, Dyar KA, Ciciliot S, Blaauw B, Sandri M. Mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy. FEBS J. 2013;280(17): 4294-314.
30. Wang Y, Pessin JE. Mechanisms for fiber-type specificity of skeletal muscle atrophy. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013;16(3): 243-50.
31. Krim SR, Campbell P, Lavie CJ, Ventura H. Micronutrients in chronic heart failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2013;10(1): 46-53. Study highlights the importance of micronutrient deficiencies as potential contributing factors in development of cardiac cachexia.