Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice

Rice

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-15

  Kumar, Kundan ^a   Kumar, Manu ^b   Kim, Seong Ryong ^b   Ryu, Hojin ^c   Cho, Yong Gu ^d  

^a BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE   (India)

^b Sogang University   (South Korea)

^c Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)   (South Korea)

^d Chungbuk National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Osmoprotectants; Rice; Salt stress; Signaling molecules; Transporters

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887312510     PISSN: 19398425     EISSN: 19398433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-27     Document Type: Review

References (154)

1. Agrawal GK, Rakwa R, Iwahashi H (2002) Isolation of novel rice (Oryza sativa L.) multiple stress responsive MAP kinase gene, OsMSRMK2, whose mRNA accumulates rapidly in response to environmental cues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294:1009-1016
2. Agrawal GK, Agrawal SK, Shibato J, Iwahashi H, Rakwal R (2003) Novel rice MAP kinases OsMSRMK3 and OsWJUMK1 involved in encountering diverse environmental stresses and developmental regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300:775-783
3. Asano T, Hakata M, Nakamura H, Aoki N, Komatsu S, Ichikawa H, Hirochika H, Ohsugi R (2011) Functional characterisation of OsCPK21, a calcium-dependent protein kinase that confers salt tolerance in rice. Plant Mol Biol 75:179-191
4. Asano T, Hayashi N, Kobayashi M, Aoki N, Miyao A, Mitsuhara I, Ichikawa H, Komatsu S, Hirochika H, Kikuchi S, Ohsugi R (2012) A rice calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK12 oppositely modulates salt-stress tolerance and blast disease resistance. Plant J 69:26-36
5. Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2007) Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environ Exp Bot 59:206-216
6. Atienza JM, Jiang X, Garciadeblas B, Mendoza I, Zhu JK, Pardo JM, Quintero FJ (2007) Conservation of the salt overly sensitive pathway in rice. Plant Physiol 143:1001-1012
7. + antiporters in plant growth and development. J Exp Bot 63:5727-5740
8. Bhalu B, Mohanty P (2002) Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr Sci 82:525-532
9. +-antiport activity at the tonoplast by growth in salt. Plant Physiol 83:884-887
10. Bohnert HJ, Jensen RG (1996) Strategies for engineering water-stress tolerance in plants. Trends Biotech 14:89-97
11. Che P, Bussell JD, Zhou W, Estavillo GM, Pogson BJ, Smith SM (2010) Signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum activates brassinosteroid signaling and promotes acclimation to stress in Arabidopsis. Sci Signal 3:ra69
12. Chen TH, Murata N (2002) Enhancement of tolerance of abiotic stress by metabolic engineering of betaines and other compatible solutes. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5:250-257
13. Chen M, Chen QJ, Niu XJ, Zhang R, Li HQ, Xu CY, et al. (2007) Expression of OsNHX1 gene in maize confers salt tolerance and promotes plant growth in the field. Plant Soil Environ 53:490-498
14. Chen Y, Lia F, Maa Y, Chong K, Xu Y (2013) Overexpression of OrbHLH001, a putative helix-loop-helix transcription factor, causes increased expression of AKT1 and maintains ionic balance under salt stress in rice. J Plant Physiol 170:93-100
15. Chinnusamy V, Jagendorf A, Zhu JK (2005) Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Sci 45:437-448
16. Chinnusamy V, Zhu J, Zhu JK (2006) Gene regulation during cold acclimation in plants. Physiol Plant 126:52-61
17. Chung PJ, Kim YS, Jeong JS, Park SH, Nahm BH, Kim JK (2009) The histone deacetylase OsHDAC1 epigenetically regulates the OsNAC6 gene that controls seedling root growth in rice. Plant J 59:764-776
18. Cournac L, Latouche G, Cerovic Z, Redding K, Ravenel J, Peltier G (2002) In vivo interactions between photosynthesis, mitorespiration, and chlororespiration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 129:1921-1928
19. Dai X, Xu Y, Ma Q, Xu W, Wang T, Xue Y, Chong K (2007) Overexpression of an R1R2R3 MYB gene, OsMYB3R-2, increases tolerance to freezing, drought, and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 143:1739-1751
20. Darwish E, Testerink C, Khalil M, El-Shihy O, Munnik T (2009) Phospholipid signaling responses in salt-stressed rice leaves. Plant cell physiol 50:986-997
21. Delauney AJ, Verma DPS (1993) Proline biosynthesis and osmoregulation in plants. Plant J 4:215-223
22. Demidchik V, Maathuis FJ (2007) Physiological roles of nonselective cation channels in plants: from salt stress to signalling and development. New Phytol 175:387-404
23. DeWald DB, Torabinejad J, Jones CA, Shope JC, Cangelosi AR, Thompson JE, Prestwich GD, Hama H (2001) Rapid accumulation of phos- phatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate correlates with calcium mobilization in salt-stressed Arabidopsis. Plant physiol 126:759-769
24. Diedhiou CJ, Golldack D (2006) Salt-dependent regulation of chloride channel transcripts in rice. Plant Sci 170:793-800
25. Diedhiou CJ, Popova OV, Dietz KJ, Golldack D (2008) The SNF1-type serine- threonine protein kinase SAPK4 regulates stress-responsive gene expression in rice. BMC Plant Biol 8:49
26. Drobak BK, Watkins PA (2000) Inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate production in plant cells: an early response to salinity and hyperosmotic stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 481:240-244
27. Du H, Wang N, Cui F, Li X, Xiao J, Xiong L (2010) Characterization of the beta- carotene hydroxylase gene DSM2 conferring drought and oxidative stress resistance by increasing xanthophylls and abscisic acid synthesis in rice. Plant Physiol 154:1304-1318
28. Duan J, Cai W (2012) OsLEA3-2, an abiotic stress induced gene of rice plays a key role in salt and drought tolerance. PLoS One 79:e45117
29. Dubouzet JG, Sakuma Y, Ito Y, Kasuga M, Dubouzet EG, Miura S, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2003) OsDREB genes in rice, Oryza sativa L. encode transcription activators that function in drought, high salt and cold- responsive gene expression. Plant J 33:751-763
30. Elbein AD, Pan YT, Pastuszak I, Carroll D (2003) New insights on trehalose: a multifunctional molecule. Glycobiology 13:17R-27
31. FAO (2009) High level expert forum - how to feed the world in 2050. Economic and social development department. Food and Agricultural rganization of the United Nations, Rome
32. Fu SF, Chou WC, Huang DD, Huang HJ (2002) Transcriptional regulation of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, OsMAPK4, in response to environmental stresses. Plant Cell Physiol 43:958-963
33. + uptake channel OsAKT1 is sensitive to salt stress. Planta 221:212-221
34. Gao P, Bai X, Yang L, Lv D, Li Y, Cai H, Ji W, Guo D, Zhu Y (2010) Over- expression of osa-MIR396c decreases salt and alkali stress tolerance. Planta 231:991-1001
35. Gao P, Bai X, Yang L, Lv D, Pan X, Li Y, Cai H, Ji W, Chen Q, Zhu Y (2011) osa- MIR393: a salinity and alkaline stress-related microRNA gene. Mol Biol Rep 38:237-242
36. Garciadeblas B, Senn ME, Banuelos MA, Rodriguez-Navarro A (2003) Sodium transport and HKT transporters: the rice model. Plant J 34:788-801
37. Garg AK, Kim JK, Owens TG, Ranwala AP, Choi YD, Kochian LV, Wu RJ (2002) Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:15898-15903
38. Golldack D, Quigley F, Michalowski CB, Kamasani UR, Bohnert HJ (2003) Salinity stress tolerant and sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) regulate AKT1-type potassium channel transcripts differently. Plant Mol Biol 51:71-81
39. Hadiarto T, Tran LS (2011) Progress studies of drought-responsive genes in rice. Plant Cell Rep 30:297-310
40. Halfter U, Ishitani M, Zhu JK (2000) The Arabidopsis SOS2 protein kinase physically interacts with and is activated by the calcium-binding protein SOS3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:3735-3740
41. Harinasut P, Tsutsui K, Takabe T, Nomura M, Kishitani S (1996) Exogenous glycine betaine accumulation and increased salt tolerance in rice seedlings. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:366-368
42. Holmström KO, Somersalo S, Mandal A, Palva TE, Welin B (2000) Improved tolerance to salinity and low temperature in transgenic tobacco producing glycine betaine. J Exp Bot 51:177-185
43. +-starved roots for growth. EMBO J 26:3003-3014
44. Hoshida H, Tanaka Y, Hibino T, Hayashi Y, Tanaka A, Takabe T, Takabe T (2000) Enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Mol Biol 43:103-111
45. Hossain MA, Cho JI, Han M, Ahn CH, Jeon JS, An G, Park PB (2010) The ABRE binding bZIP transcription factor OsABF2 is a positive regulator of abiotic stress and ABA signaling in rice. J Plant Physiol 167:1512-1520
46. Hou X, Xie K, Yao J, Qi Z, Xiong L (2009) A homolog of human ski-interacting protein in rice positively regulates cell viability and stress tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:6410-6415
47. Hu H, Dai M, Yao J, Xiao B, Li X, Zhang Q, et al. (2006) Overexpressing a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:12987-12992.
48. Huang J, Hirji R, Adam L, Rozwadowski KL, Hammerlindl JK, Keller WA, Selvaraj G (2000) Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine production toward enhancing stress tolerance in plants: metabolic limitations. Plant Physiol 122:747-756
49. Huang XY, Chao DY, Gao JP, Zhu MZ, Shi M, Lin HX (2009) A previously unknown zinc finger protein, DST, regulates drought and salt tolerance in rice via stomatal aperture control. Genes Dev 23:1805-1817
50. Igarashi Y, Yoshiba Y, Sanada Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Wada K, Shinozaki K (1997) Characterization of the gene for Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthatase and correlation between the expression of the gene and salt tolerance in Oryza sativa. Plant Mol Biol 33:857-865
51. Jan A, Maruyama K, Todaka DS, Abo M, Yoshimura E, Shinozaki K, Nakashima K, Shinozaki KY (2013) OsTZF1, a CCCH-tandem zinc finger protein, confers delayed senescence and stress tolerance in rice by regulating stress-related genes. Plant Physiol 161:1202-1216
52. Jeon J, Kim J (2013) Cold stress signaling networks in Arabidopsis. J Plant Biol 56:69-76
53. Jeong MJ, Lee SK, Kim BG, Kwon TR, Cho WS, Park YT, Lee JO, Kwon HB, Byun MO, Park SC (2006) A rice (Oryza sativa L.) MAP kinase gene, OsMAPK44, is involved in response to abiotic stresses. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 85:151-160
54. Ji H, Pardo JM, Batelli G, Oosten MJV, Bressan RA, Li X (2013) The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway: established and emerging roles. Mol Plant 6:275-286
55. Kader MA, Lindberg S (2010) Cytosolic calcium and pH signaling in plants under salinity stress. Plant Signal Behav 5:233-238
56. + exchanger are involved in the transport and selection of cations. J Biol Chem 279:812-819
57. 2+. Plant Cell Physiol 47:96-106
58. Kang D, Seo Y, Lee JD, Ishii R, Kim KU, Shin DH, Park SK, Lee I (2005) Jasmonic acid differentially affects growth, ion uptake and abscisic acid concentration in salt tolerant and salt sensitive rice cultivars. J Agro Crop Sci 191:273-282
59. Kazan K, Manners JM (2012) JAZ repressors and the orchestration of phytohormone crosstalk. Trends Plant Sci 17:22-31
60. Kido EA, Neto JRF, Silva RL, Belarmino LC, Neto JPB, Soares-Cavalcanti NM, Pandolfi V, Silva MD, Nepomuceno AL, Benko-Iseppon M (2013) Expression dynamics and genome distribution of osmoprotectants in soybean: identifying important components to face abiotic stress. BMC Bioinformatics 14:S7
61. Kim JA, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Han KS, Kim KN, Yun CH, Heu S, Park SY, Lee YH, Jwa NS (2003) Molecular cloning and mRNA expression analysis of a novel rice (Oryza sativa L.) MAPK kinase kinase, OsEDR1, an ortholog of Arabidopsis AtEDR1, reveal its role in defense/stress signalling pathways and development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300:868-876
62. Kim TW, Michniewicz M, Bergmann DC, Wang ZY (2012) Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development by GSK3-mediated inhibition of a MAPK pathway. Nature 482:419-422
63. Kishor PBK, Hong Z, Miao G, Hu C, Verma DPS (1995) Overexpression of Δ1- pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Plant Physiol 108:1387-1394
64. Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto S, Minami H, Kagaya Y, Hattori T (2004) Differential activation of the rice sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase2 family by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid. Plant Cell 16:1163-1177
65. Koh S, Lee SC, Kim MK, Koh JH, Lee S, An G, Choe S, Kim SR (2007) T-DNA tagged knockout mutation of rice OsGSK1, an orthologue of Arabidopsis BIN2, with enhanced tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Plant Mol Biol 65:453-466
66. Kong J, Gong JM, Zhang JG, Zhang JS, Chen SY (2003) A new AOX homologous gene OsIM1 from rice (Oryza sativa L.) with an alternative splicing mechanism under salt stress. Theor Appl Genet 107:326-331
67. Krebs M, Beyhl D, Gorlich E, Al-Rasheid KAS, Marten I, Stierhof YD, Hedrich R, Schumacher K (2010) Arabidopsis V-ATPase activity at the tonoplast is required for efficient nutrient storage but not for sodium accumulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:3251-3256
68. Kumari S, Sabharwal VP, Khushwaha HR, Sopory SK, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A (2009) Transcriptome map of seedling stage specific salinity response indicate a specific set of genes as candidate for saline tolerance in Oryza sativa L. Funct Integr Genomics 9:109-123
69. Lee SK, Kim BG, Kwon TR, Jeong MJ, Park SR, Lee JW, Byun MO, Kwon HB, Matthews BF, Hong CB, Park SC (2011) Overexpression of the mitogen- activated protein kinase gene OsMAPK33 enhances sensitivity to salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Biosci 36:139-151
70. Lee HJ, Abdula SE, Ryu HJ, Jee MG, Jang DW, Kang KK, Cho YG (2012) BrCIPK1 encoding CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 from Brassica rapa regulates abiotic stress responses by increasing proline biosynthesis. 10th International Symposium on Rice Functional Genomics, Chiang Mai, Thailand. OG-11
71. Lee SC, Kim SH, Kim SR (2013) Drought inducible OsDhn1 promoter is activated by OsDREB1A and OsDREB1D. J Plant Biol 56:115-121
72. Liu J, Ishitani M, Halfter U, Kim CS, Zhu JK (2000) The Arabidopsis thaliana SOS2 gene encodes a protein kinase that is required for salt tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:3730-3734
73. Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Guan Q, Nishiuchi S, Hase K, Takano T (2007) Expression of an NADP-malic enzyme gene in rice (Oryza sativa. L.) is induced by environmental stresses; over-expression of the gene in Arabidopsis confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance. Plant Mol Biol 64:49-58
74. Liu D, Chen X, Liu J, Ye J, Guo Z (2012) The rice ERF transcription factor OsERF922 negatively regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and salt tolerance. J Exp Bot 63:3899-3912
75. Lutts S, Kinet JM, Bouharmont J (1995) Changes in plant response to NaCl during development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties differing in salinity resistance. J Exp Bot 46:1843-1852
76. Mahajan S, Pandey GK, Tuteja N (2008) Calcium and salt-stress signaling in plants: shedding light on SOS pathway. Archives Biochem Biophys 471:146-158
77. Majee M, Maitra S, Dastidar KG, Pattnaik S, Chatterjee A, Hait NC, Das KP, Majumder AL (2004) A novel salt-tolerant L-myo-Inositol-1-phosphate synthase from Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka, a halophytic wild rice. J Biol Chem 279:28539-28552
78. Mallikarjuna G, Mallikarjuna K, Reddy MK, Kaul T (2011) Expression of OsDREB2A transcription factor confers enhanced dehydration and salt stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biotechnol Lett 33:1689-1697
79. Manavalan LP, Chen X, Clarke J, Salmeron J, Nguyen HT (2012) RNAi-mediated disruption of squalene synthase improves drought tolerance and yield in rice. J Exp Bot 63:163-175
80. Mantri N, Patade V, Penna S, Ford R, Pang E (2012) Abiotic stress responses in plants: present and future. In: Ahmad P, Prasad MNV (ed) Abiotic stress responses in plants: metabolism, productivity and sustainability. Springer, New York, pp 1-19
81. Miller J, McLachlan AD, Klug A (1985) Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 4:1609-1614
82. Moons A, Prinsen E, Bauw G, Van Montagu M (1997) Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and jasmonates on salt stress-inducible transcripts in rice roots. Plant Cell 9:2243-2259
83. Motohashi T, Nagamiya K, Prodhan SH, Nakao K, Shishido T, Yamamoto Y, Moriwaki T, Hattori E, Asada M, Morishima H, Hirose S, Ozawa K, Takabe T, Takabe T, Komamine A (2010) Production of salt stress tolerant rice by overexpression of the catalase gene, katE, derived from Escherichia coli. Asia Pac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 18:37-41
84. Mukhopadhyay A, Vij S, Tyagi AK (2004) Overexpression of a zinc-finger protein gene from rice confers tolerance to cold, dehydration, and salt stress in transgenic tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:6309-6314
85. + channel expressed in potato guard cells. EMBO J 14:2409-2416
86. Munns R, Tester M (2008) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:651-681
87. Murthy PP (2006) Structure and Nomenclature of Inositol Phosphates, Phosphoinositides, and Glycosylphosphatidylinositols. In: Biswas BB (ed) Biology of Inositols and Phosphoinositides: Subcellular Biochemistry. Majumder, L. & Biswas, pp 1-19
88. Nagata T, Iizumi S, Satoh K, Kikuchi S (2008) Comparative molecular biological analysis of membrane transport genes in organisms Plant Mol Biol 66:565-585
89. Nakamura T, Yokota S, Muramoto Y, Tsutsui K, Oguri Y, Fukui K, Takabe T (1997) Expression of a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in rice, a glycinebetaine nonaccumulator, and possible localization of its protein in peroxisomes. Plant J 11:1115-1120
90. Nakamura A, Fukuda A, Sakai S, Tanaka Y (2006) Molecular cloning, functional expression and subcellular localization of two putative vacuolar voltage- gated chloride channels in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 47:32-42
91. Nakashima K, Tran LS, Van Nguyen D, Fujita M, Maruyama K, Todaka D, Ito Y, Hayashi N, Shinozaki K, Shinozaki KY (2007) Functional analysis of a NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC6 involved in abiotic and biotic stress-responsive gene expression in rice. Plant J 51:617-630
92. Nijhawan A, Jain M, Tyagi AK, Khurana JP (2008) Genomic survey and gene expression analysis of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family in rice. Plant Physiol 146:333-350
93. Ning J, Li X, Hicks LM, Xiong L (2010) A raf-like MAPKKK gene DSM1 mediates drought resistance through reactive oxygen species scavenging in rice. Plant Physiol 152:876-890
94. Ouyang SQ, Liu YF, Liu P, Lei G, He SJ, Ma B, Zhang WK, Zhang JS, Chen SY (2010) Receptor-like kinase OsSIK1 improves drought and salt stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) plants. Plant J 62:316-329
95. Parida AK, Dagaonkar VS, Phalak MS, Aurangabadkar LP (2008) Differential responses of the enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation in drought tolerant and sensitive cotton genotypes during drought stress and recovery. Acta Physiol Plant 30:619-627
96. Peters S, Mundree SG, Thomson JA, Farrant JM, Keller F (2007) Protection mechanisms in the resurrection plant Xerophyta viscosa (Baker): both sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) accumulate in leaves in response to water deficit. J Exp Bot 58:1947-1956
97. Platten JD, Cotsaftis O, et al. (2006) Nomenclature for HKT transporters, key determinants of plant salinity tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 11:372-374
98. Purvis AC (1997) Role of the alterantive oxidase in limiting superoxide production by plant mitochondria. Physiol Plant 100:164-170
99. + Exchange in Arabidopsis thaliana by the Salt-Overly- Sensitive (SOS) Pathway. J Biol Chem 279:207-215
100. Qiu D, Xiao J, Xie W, Liu H, Li X, Xiong L, Wang S (2008) Rice gene network inferred from expression profiling of plants overexpressing OsWRKY13, a positive regulator of disease resistance. Mol Plant 1:538-551
101. Rathinasabapathi B, Gage DA, Mackill DJ, Hanson AD (1993) Cultivated and wild rice do not accumulate glycinebetaine due to deficiencies in two biosynthetic steps. Crop Sci 33:534-538
102. Ren ZH, Gao JP, Li LG, Cai XL, Huang W, Chao DY, et al. (2005) A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter. Nature Genet 37:1141-1146
103. Rhodes D, Hanson AD (1993) Quaternary ammonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 44:357-384
104. Rontein D, Basset G, Hanson AD (2002) Metabolic engineering of osmoprotectant accumulation in plants. Metab Eng 4:49-56
105. Saeng-ngam S, Takpirom W, Buaboocha T, Chadchawan S (2012) The role of the OsCam1-1 salt stress sensor in ABA accumulation and salt tolerance in rice. J Plant Biol 55:198-208
106. 2+ dependent protein kinase confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice plants. Plant J 23:319-327
107. Sakamoto A, Alia MN (1998) Metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycinebetaine and tolerance to salt and cold. Plant Mol Biol 38:1011-1019
108. Sakuma Y, Maruyama K, Osakabe Y, Qin F, Seki M, Shinozaki K, et al. (2006) Functional analysis of an Arabidopsis transcription factor, DREB2A, involved in drought-responsive gene expression. Plant Cell 18:1292-1309
109. Sanchez-Barrena MJ, Martinez-Ripoll M, Zhu JK, Albert A (2004) SOS3 (salt overly sensitive 3) from Arabidopsis thaliana: expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis. Acta crystallogr D Biol crystallogr 60:1272-1274
110. Sanchez-Barrena MJ, Martinez-Ripoll M, Zhu JK, Albert A (2005) The structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana SOS3: molecular mechanism of sensing calcium for salt stress response. J Mol Biol 345:1253-1264
111. Savouré A, Jaoua S, Hua XJ, Ardiles W, Van Montagu M, Verbruggen N (1995) Isolation, characterization, and chromosomal location of a gene encoding the delta 1- pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 372:13-19
112. Senadheera P, Singh R, Maathuis F (2009) Differentially expressed membrane transporters in rice roots may contribute to cultivar dependent salt tolerance. J Exp Bot 60:2553-2563
113. Shanker AK, Venkateswarlu B (2011) Abiotic stress in plants - mechanisms and adaptations. InTech Publisher, Rijeka, Croatia, p 428
114. Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2007) Gene networks involved in drought stress response and tolerance. J Exp Bot 58:221-227
115. Singh R, Jwa NS (2013) The rice MAPKK-MAPK interactome: the biological significance of MAPK components in hormone signal transduction. Plant Cell Rep 32:923-931
116. Singh AK, Ansari MW, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL (2008) Raising salinity tolerant rice: recent progress and future perspectives. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 14:137-154
117. Singla-Pareek SL, Yadav SK, Pareek A, Reddy MK, Sopory SK (2008) Enhancing salt tolerance in a crop plant by overexpression of glyoxalase II. Trans Res 17:171-180
118. Smirnoff N, Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochem 28:1057-1060
119. Song SY, Chen Y, Chen J, Dai XY, Zhang WH (2011) Physiological mechanisms underlying OsNAC5-dependent tolerance of rice plants to abiotic stress. Planta 234:331-345
120. Sun SJ, Guo SQ, Yang X, Bao YM, Tang HJ, Sun H, Huang J, Zhang HS (2010) Functional analysis of a novel Cys2/His2-type zinc finger protein involved in salt tolerance in rice. J Exp Bot 61:2807-2818
121. Takasaki H, Maruyama K, Kidokoro S, Ito Y, Fujita Y, Shinozaki K, Shinozaki KY, Nakashima K (2010) The abiotic stress-responsive NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC5 regulates stress-inducible genes and stress tolerance in rice. Mol Genet Genomics 284:173-183
122. Tanaka Y, Hibin T, Hayashi Y, Tanaka A, Kishitani S, Takabe T, Yokota S, Takabe T (1999) Salt tolerance of transgenic rice overexpressing yeast mitochondrial Mn-SOD in chloroplasts. Plant Sci 148:131-138
123. Tao Z, Kou Y, Liu H, Li X, Xiao J, Wang S (2011) OsWRKY45 alleles play different roles in abscisic acid signalling and salt stress tolerance but similar roles in drought and cold tolerance in rice. J Exp Bot 62:4863-4874
124. Thakur P, Kumar S, Malik JA, Berger JD, Nayyar H (2010) Cold stress effects on reproductive development in grain crops: an overview. Environ Exp Bot 67:429-443
125. Todaka D, Nakashima K, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2012) Towards understanding transcriptional regulatory networks in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in rice. Rice 5:6
126. Tran LSP, Nakashima K, Sakuma Y, Simpson SD, Fujita Y, Maruyama K, Fujita M, Seki M, Kazuo Shinozaki K, Shinozaki KY (2004) Isolation and functional analysis of Arabidopsis stress-Inducible NAC transcription factors that bind to a drought-responsive cis-element in the early responsive to dehydration stress 1 Promoter. Plant Cell 16:2481-2498
127. Uddin MI, Qi Y, Yamada S, Shibuya I, Deng XP, Kwak SS, Kaminak H, Tanak K (2008) Overexpression of a new rice vacuolar antiporter regulating protein OsARP improves salt tolerance in tobacco. Plant Cell Physiol 49:880-890.
128. Verbruggen N, Hermans C (2008) Proline accumulation in plants: a review. Amino Acids 35:753-759.
129. + antiporter from Pennisetum glaucum for enhancing salinity tolerance in rice. J Biosci 32:621-628
130. Vernon D, Ostrem J, Bohnert H (1993) Stress perception and response in a facultative halophyte: the regulation of salinity-induced genes in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plant Cell Environ 16:437-444
131. Vinocur B, Altman A (2005) Recent advances in engineering plant tolerance to abiotic stress: achievements and limitations. Curr Opin Biotech 16:123-132
132. Vriet C, Russinova E, Reuzeau C (2012) Boosting crop yields with plant steroids. Plant cell 24:842-857
133. Wang W, Vinocur B, Altman A (2003) Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta 218:1-14
134. Wang Q, Guan Y, Wu Y, Chen H, Chen F, Chu C (2008) Overexpression of a rice OsDREB1F gene increases salt, drought, and low temperature tolerance in both Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Mol Biol 67:589-602
135. Welsch R, Wust F, Bar C, Babili SA, Beyer P (2008) A third phytoene synthase is devoted to abiotic stress-induced abscisic acid formation in rice and defines functional diversification of phytoene synthase genes. Plant Physiol 147:367-380
136. Wingler A (2002) The function of trehalose biosynthesis in plants. Phytochem 60:437-440
137. Wu SJ, Ding L, Zhu JK (1996) SOS1, a genetic locus essential for salt tolerance and potassium acquisition. Plant Cell 8:617-627
138. Xiang Y, Huang Y, Xiong L (2007) Characterization of stress-responsive CIPK genes in rice for stress tolerance improvement. Plant Physiol 144:1416-1428
139. Xiang Y, Tang N, Du H, Ye H, Xiong L (2008) Characterization of OsbZIP23 as a key player of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family for conferring abscisic acid sensitivity and salinity and drought tolerance in rice. Plant Physiol 148:1938-1952
140. Xiong L, Yang Y (2003) Disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acid-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase. Plant Cell 15:745-759
141. Xiong L, Zhu JK (2001) Abiotic stress signal transduction in plants: molecular and genetic perspectives. Physiol Plant 112:152-166
142. Xu D, Duan X, Wang B, Hong B, Ho THD, Ray Wu R (1996) Expression of a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene, hva1, from barley confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress in transgenic rice. Plant Physiol 110:249-257
143. Xu DQ, Huang J, Guo SQ, Yang X, Bao YM, Tang HJ, Zhang HS (2008) Overexpression of a TFIIIA-type zinc finger protein gene ZFP252 enhances drought and salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). FEBS Lett 582:1037-1043
144. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2005) Organization of cis-acting regulatory elements in osmotic- and cold-stress-responsive promoters. Trends Plant Sci 10:88-94
145. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2006) Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:781-803
146. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Kasuga M, Liu Q, Nakashima K, Sakuma Y, Abe H, Shinwari ZK, Seki M, Shinozaki K (2002) Biological mechanisms of drought stress response. JIRCAS Working Report 2002 23:1-8
147. Yang WJ, Rich PJ, Axtell JD, Wood KV, Bonham CC, Ejeta G, Mickelbart MV, Rhodes D (2003) Genotypic variation for glycine betaine in sorghum. Crop Sci 43:162-169
148. Yang A, Dai X, Zhang WH (2012) A R2R3-type MYB gene, OsMYB2, is involved in salt, cold, and dehydration tolerance in rice. J Exp Bot 63:2541-2556
149. Ye H, Du H, Tang N, Li X, Xiong L (2009) Identification and expression profiling analysis of TIFY family genes involved in stress and phytohormone responses in rice. Plant Mol Biol 71:291-305
150. Ye N, Jia L, Zhang J (2012) ABA signal in rice under stress conditions. Rice 5:1-9
151. Zeid IM (2009) Trehalose as osmoprotectant for maize under salinity-induced stress. Res J Agri Biol Sci 5:613-622
152. Zhu JK (2002) Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Ann Rev Plant Biol 53:247-273
153. Zhu B, Su J, Chang M, Verma DPS, Fan YL, Wu R (1998) Overexpression of a 1- pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene and analysis of tolerance to water and salt-stress in transgenic rice. Plant Sci 139:41-48
154. Zou M, Guan Y, Ren H, Zhang F, Chen F (2008) A bZIP transcription factor, OsABI5, is involved in rice fertility and stress tolerance. Plant Mol Biol 66:675-683