Intimate partner violence: A narrative review of the feminist, social and ecological explanations for its causation

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 611-619

  Ali, Parveen Azam ^a   Naylor, Paul B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^b OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Domestic violence; Ecological framework; Feminism; Intimate partner violence; IPV; Social learning theory

Indexed keywords

BATTERED WOMAN; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CULTURAL FACTOR; ECONOMIC ASPECT; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMINISM; HUMAN; LEARNED HELPLESSNESS; NARRATIVE; PARTNER VIOLENCE; PATERNALISM; PHENOMENOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESOURCE THEORY; REVIEW; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL CONTROL; SOCIAL LEARNING; SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY; SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VIOLENCE;

EID: 84887158815     PISSN: 13591789     EISSN: 18736335     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.009     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Aldarondo E., Sugarman D.B. Risk marker analysis of the cessation and persistence of wife assault. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1996, 64(5):1010-1019.
2. Ali P.A., Naylor P.B. Intimate partner violence: A narrative review of the biological and psychological explanations for its causation. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2013, (0). 10.1016/j.avb.2013.1001.1003.
3. Anderson K.L. Gender, status, and domestic violence: An integration of feminist and family violence approaches. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1997, 59:655-669.
4. Anderson K.L. Perpetrator or victim? Relationships between intimate partner violence and well-being. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2002, 64(4):851-863.
5. Archer J. Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 2000, 126:651-680.
6. Archer J. Sex differences in physically aggressive acts between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2002, 7(4):313-351.
7. Atkinson M.P., Greenstein T.N., Lang M.M. For women, breadwinning can be dangerous: Gendered resource theory and wife abuse. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2005, 67:1137-1148.
8. Ball P., Wyman E. Battered wives and powerlessness: What can counselors do?. Victimology 1978, 2:545-557.
9. Bandura A. Social learning theory 1977, General Learning Press, New York.
10. Barnett O.W., Lee C.Y., Thelen R.E. Gender differences in attributions of self-defense and control in interpartner aggression. Violence Against Women 1997, 3:462-481.
11. Baumrind D., Lazerle R.E., Cowan P.A. Ordinary physical punishment: Is it harmful? Comment on Gershoff. Psychological Bulletin 2002, 128:580-589.
12. Belknap J. The invisible woman: Gender, crime, and justice 2001, Wadsworth Publishing Co., Belmont, CA. 2nd ed.
13. Belknap J., Melton H. Are heterosexual men also victims of intimate partner abuse? Retrieved Jan 22, 2010, from. http://new.vawnet.org/category/Documents.php?docid=370&category_id=695.
14. Belsky J. Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist 1980, 35(4):320-335.
15. Bhandari M., Sprague S., Tornetta P., D'Aurora V., Schemitsch E., Shearer H., et al. (Mis)perceptions about intimate partner violence in women presenting for orthopaedic care: A survey of Canadian Orthopaedic surgeons. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 2008, 90(7):1590-1597.
16. Black D.S., Sussman S., Unger J.B. A further look at the intergenerational transmission of violence: Witnessing interparental violence in emerging adulthood. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2010, 25(6):1022-1042.
17. Blood R.O., Wolfe D.M. Husbands and wives 1960, Free Press, Glencoe, IL.
18. Bograd M. Feminist perspectives on wife abuse: An introduction. Feminist perspectives on wife abuse 1988, 11-26. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA. K. Yllö, M. Bograd (Eds.).
19. Bronfenbrenner U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist 1977, 32(7):513-531.
20. Bronfenbrenner U. The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design 1979, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
21. Bronfenbrenner U. Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology 1986, 22(6):723-742.
22. Brown G. Gender as a factor in the response of the law-enforcement system to violence against partners. Sexuality and Culture 2004, 8:3-139.
23. Cannon E.A., Bonomi A.E., Anderson M.L., Rivara F.P. The intergenerational transmission of witnessing intimate partner violence. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2009, 163(8):706-708.
24. Capaldi D., Kim H., Shortt J. Observed initiation and reciprocity of physical aggression in young, at-risk couples. Journal of Family Violence 2007, 22:101-111.
25. Capaldi D., Owen L.D. Physical aggression in a community sample of at-risk young couples: Gender comparisons for high frequency, injury, and fear. Journal of Family Psychology 2001, 15:425-440.
26. Cappell C., Heiner R.B. The intergenerational transmission of family aggression. Journal of Family Violence 1990, 5(2):135-152.
27. Carlson B. Causes and maintenance of domestic violence: An ecological analysis. Social Service Review 1984, 58:569-587.
28. Carter J., Stacey W.A., Shupe A.W. Male violence against women: Assessment of the generational transfer hypothesis. Deviant Behavior 1988, 9(3):259-273.
29. Cascardi M., Vivian D. Context for specific episodes of marital violence: Gender and severity of violence differences. Journal of Family Violence 1995, 10:265-293.
30. Chesler P. The death of feminism: What's next in the struggle for women's freedom 2005, Palgrave Macmillian, New York.
31. Coid J., Petruckevitch A., Feder G., Chung W., Richardson J., Moorey S. Relation between childhood sexual and physical abuse and risk of revictimisation in women: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet 2001, 358(9280):450-454.
32. Coker D. Shifting power for battered women: Law, material resources, and poor women of color. University of California, Davis, Law Review 2000, 33:1009-1055.
33. Coker D. Crime control and feminist law reform in domestic violence law: A critical review. Buffalo Criminal Law Review 2001, 4:801-860.
34. Corvo K., Carpenter E.H. Effects of parental substance abuse on current levels of domestic violence: A possible elaboration of intergenerational transmission processes. Journal of Family Violence 2000, 15(2):123-135.
35. Craven Z. Battered woman syndrome. Australian domestic and family violence clearinghouse 2003, (Retrieved March 10, 2010, from http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/battered%20_woman_syndrome.pdf).
36. Dasgupta S. Towards an understanding of women's use of non-lethal violence in intimate heterosexual relationships Retrieved Jan 12, 2010, from. http://new.vawnet.org/category/Documents.php?docid=410&category_id=695.
37. Davis L.V., Hagen J. The problem of wife abuse: The interrelationship of social policy and social work practice. Social Work 1992, 37:15-20.
38. Delsol C., Margolin G. The role of family-of-origin violence in men's marital violence perpetration. Clinical Psychology Review 2004, 24(1):99-122.
39. DeMaris A., Benson M.L., Fox G.L., Hill T., Wyk J.V. Distal and proximal factors in domestic violence: A test of an integrated model. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2003, 65:652-667.
40. Desai S., Arias I., Thompson M.P., Basile K.C. Childhood victimization and subsequent adult revictimization assessed in a nationally representative sample of women and men. Violence and Victims 2002, 17(6):639-653.
41. Dobash R.E., Dobash R.P. Violence against wives 1979, Free Press, New York.
42. Doumas D., Margolin G., John R.S. The intergenerational transmission of aggression across three generations. Journal of Family Violence 1994, 9(2):157-175.
43. Dutton D. Patriarchy and wife assault: The ecological fallacy. Violence and Victims 1994, 9:167-182.
44. Dutton M. Critique of the "battered woman" syndrome model Retrieved March 15, 2010, from. http://new.vawnet.org/category/Main_Doc.php?docid=375.
45. Dutton D.G., Strachan C.E. Motivational needs for power and spouse-specific assertiveness in assaultive and non-assaultive men. Violence and Victims 1987, 2:145-156.
46. Edleson J.L., Tolman R.L. Intervention for men who batter: An ecological approach 1992, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
47. Ehrensaft M.K., Cohen P., Brown J., Smailes E., Chen H., Johnson J.G. Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2003, 71(4):741-753.
48. Erchak G., Rosenfield R. Societal isolation, violent norms, and gender relations: A reexamination of Levinson's model of wife beating. Cross-Cultural Research 1994, 28:111-113.
49. Ernst A.A., Weiss S.J., Enright-Smith S. Child witnesses and victims in homes with adult intimate partner violence. Academic Emergency Medicine 2006, 13(6):696-699.
50. Eron L.D., Gentry J.H., Schlegel P. Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth 1994, American Psychological Association, Washington DC.
51. Farrington K. The application of stress theory to the study of family violence: Principles, problems and prospects. Journal of Family Violence 1986, 1:131-149.
52. Fehringer J.A., Hindin M.J. Like parent, like child: Intergenerational transmission of partner violence in Cebu, the Philippines. Journal of Adolescent Health 2009, 44(4):363-371.
53. Fiebert M.S. References examining assaults by women on their spouses or male partners: An annotated bibliography Retrieved March 15, 2010, from. http://www.csulb.edu/~mfiebert/assault.htm.
54. Flake D.F. Individual, family, and community risk markers for domestic violence in Peru. Violence Against Women 2005, 11(3):353-373.
55. Fox G.L., Benson M.L., DeMaris A.A., Wyk J.V. Economic distress and intimate violence: Testing family stress and resources theories. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2002, 64(3):793-807.
56. Freedman J.L. Effect of television violence on aggressiveness. Psychological Bulletin 1984, 96(2):227-246.
57. Freedman J.L. Television violence and aggression: A rejoinder. Psychological Bulletin 1986, 100(3):372-378.
58. Gage A.J., Hutchinson P.L. Power, control, and intimate partner sexual violence in Haiti. Archives of Sexual Behavior 2006, 35:11-24.
59. García-Moreno C., Jansen H.A.F.M., Ellsberg M., Heise L., Watts C. WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women: Initial results onprevalence, health outcomes and women's responses 2005, World Health Organization, Geneva.
60. Gelles R. The violent home: A study of physical aggression between husbands and wives 1972, Sage, Newbuiy Park, CA.
61. Gelles R.J. The violent home 1974, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
62. Gelles R.J. Through a sociological lens social structure and family violence. Current controversies on family violence 1993, 31-46. Sage, Newbury Park CA. R.J.G.D.R. Loseke (Ed.).
63. George M.J. Riding the donkey backwards: Men as the unacceptable victims of marital violence. The Journal of Men's Studies 1994, 3:137-159.
64. George M. The "Great Taboo" and the role of patriarchy in husband and wife abuse. International Journal of Men's Health 2007, 6(1):7-21.
65. Gershoff E.T. Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin 2002, 128(4):539-579.
66. Glasser M., Kolvin I., Campbell D., Glasser A., Leitch I., Farrelly S. Cycle of child sexual abuse: links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 179:482-494. (discussion 495-487).
67. Glick P., Sakalli-Ugurlu N., Ferreira M.C., Aguiar de Souza M. Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2002, 26(4):292-297.
68. Gondolf E.W., Fisher E.R. Battered women as survivors: An alternative to treating learned helplessness 1988, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
69. Gover A.R., Kaukinen C., Fox K.A. The relationship between violence in the family of origin and dating violence among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2008, 23(12):1667-1693.
70. Haj-Yahia M.M., Schiff M. Definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse among undergraduate students of social work. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 2007, 51(2):170-190.
71. Hamberger L.K., Potente T. Counseling heterosexual women arrested for domestic violence: Implications for theory and practice. Violence and Victims 1994, 9:125-137.
72. Heise L.L. Violence against women: An integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Women 1998, 4(3):262-290.
73. Heru A.M. Intimate partner violence: Treating abuser and abused. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2007, 13(5):376-383.
74. Hoffman K.L., Demo D.H., Edwards J.N. Physical wife abuse in a non-western society: An integrated theoretical approach. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1994, 56(1):131-146.
75. Holtzworth-Munroe A., Smutzler N., Bates L. A brief review of the research on husband violence part III: sociodemographic factors, relationship factors, and differing consequences of husband and wife violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior 1997, 2(3):285-307.
76. Homans G.C. Social behavior; its elementary forms 1974, Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, New York. Revised ed.
77. Hornung C., McCullough B.C., Sugimoto T. Status relations in marriage: Risk factors in spouse abuse. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1981, 3:675-692.
78. Hotaling G.T., Sugarman D.B. An analysis of risk markers in husband to wife violence: The current state of knowledge. Violence and Victims 1986, 1:101-124.
79. Huesmann L.R., Taylor L.D. The role of media violence in violent behavior. Annual Review of Public Health 2006, 27:393-415.
80. Jasinski J.L. Theoretical explanations for violence against women. The sourcebook on violence against women 2001, 5-22. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. C.M. Renzetti, J.L. Edleson, R.K. Bergen (Eds.).
81. Kalmuss D. The intergenerational transmission of marital aggression. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1984, 46(1):11-19.
82. Kantor K.G., Straus M.A. The drunken bum theory of wife beating. Social Problems 1987, 34:213-230.
83. Kellerman A.L., Mercy J.A. Men, women, and murder: Gender-specific differences in rates of fatal violence and victimization. Journal of Trauma 1992, 33:1-5.
84. Knight R.A., Hatty S. Theoretical and methodological perspectives on domestic violence: Implications for social actions. Australian Journal of Social Issues 1987, 22:452-464.
85. Kurz D. Social science perspectives on wife abuse: Current debates and future directions. Violence Against Women 1989, 3:489-505.
86. Langhinrichsen-Rohling J., Neidig P., Thorn G. Violent marriages: Gender differences in levels of current violence and past abuse. Journal of Family Violence 1995, 10(2):159-176.
87. Launius M.H., Lindquist C.U. Learned helplessness, external locus of control, and passivity in battered women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1988, 3(3):307-318.
88. Lavoie F., Hébert M., Tremblay R., Vitaro F., Vézina L., McDuff P. History of family dysfunction and perpetration of dating violence by adolescent boys: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescent Health 2002, 30(5):375-383.
89. MacEwen K.E., Barling J. Multiple stressors, violence in the family of origin, and marital aggression: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Family Violence 1988, 3(1):73-87.
90. Macmillan R., Gartner R. When she brings home the bacon: Labor-force participation and the risk of spousal violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1999, 61(4):947-958.
91. Maguigan H. Wading into Professor Schneider's "murky middle ground" between acceptance and rejection of criminal justice responses to domestic violence. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 2003, 11:427-445.
92. Mason A., Blankenship V. Power and affiliation motivation, stress, and abuse in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, 52:41-46.
93. McCloskey L.A. Socioeconomic and coercive power within the family. Gender and Society 1996, 10(4):449-463.
94. McNeal C., Amato P.R. Parents' marital violence. Journal of Family Issues 1998, 19(2):123-139.
95. McPhail B.A., Busch N.B., Kulkarni S., Rice S. An integrative feminist model: The evolving feminist perspective on intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women 2007, 13:817-841.
96. Melzer S.A. Gender, work, and intimate violence: Men's occupational violence spillover and compensatory violence. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2002, 64(4):820-832.
97. Mihalic S.W., Elliott D. A social learning theory model of marital violence. Journal of Family Violence 1997, 12(1):21-47.
98. Mills S. Postcolonial feminist theory. Contemporary feminist theories 1998, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. S. Jackson, J. Jones (Eds.).
99. Mills L.G. Insult to injury: Rethinking our responses to intimate abuse 2003, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
100. Milner J.S., Thomsen C.J., Crouch J.L., Rabenhorst M.M., Martens P.M., Dyslin C.W., et al. Do trauma symptoms mediate the relationship between childhood physical abuse and adult child abuse risk?. Child Abuse & Neglect 2010, 34(5):332-344.
101. Mohanty C.T. Introduction. In Third World women and the politics of feminism 1991, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. C.T. Mohanty, A. Russo, L. Torres (Eds.).
102. Narayan U. Dislocating cultures: Identities, traditions, and Third-World feminism 1997, Routledge, New York.
103. Naved R., Azim S., Bhuiya A., Persson L. Physical violence by husbands: Magnitude, disclosure and help seeking behaviour of women in Bangladesh. Social Sciences and Medicine 2006, 62:2917-2929.
104. Oglivie E. Masculine obsessions: An examination of criminology, criminality and gender. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 1996, 29:205-226.
105. O'Brian J.E. Violence in divorce prone families. Journal of Marriage and Family 1971, 64:692-698.
106. O'Leary K.D., Curley A.D. Assertion and family violence: Correlates of spouse abuse. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 1986, 12(3):281-289.
107. Olson C.K. Media Violence research and youth violence data: Why do they conflict?. Academic Psychiatry 2004, 28(2):144-150.
108. Overmier J.B., Seligman M.E.P. Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1967, 63:28-33.
109. Parillo K.M., Freeman R.C., Young P. Association between child sexual abuse and sexual revictimization in adulthood among women sex partners of injection drug users. Violence and Victims 2003, 18(4):473-484.
110. Pease B. Recreating men: Post modern masculinity politics 2000, Sage, London.
111. Peterson C., Maier S.F., Seligman M.E.P. Learned helplessness: A theory for the age of personal control 1993, Oxford University Press, New York.
112. Quinney R. The social reality of crime 1970, Little Brown, Boston.
113. Renner L.M., Slack K.S. Intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: Understanding intra- and intergenerational connections. Child Abuse & Neglect 2006, 30(6):599-617.
114. Rich C.L., Gidycz C.A., Warkentin J.B., Loh C., Weiland P. Child and adolescent abuse and subsequent victimization: A prospective study. Child Abuse & Neglect 2005, 29(12):1373-1394.
115. Rosenbaum A., O'Leary K.D. Marital violence: Characteristics of abusive couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1981, 49(1):63-71.
116. Russo N.F., Pirlott A. Gender-based violence: Concepts, methods, and findings. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 2006, 1087:178-205.
117. Saltzman L.E., Fanslow J.L., McMahon P.M., Shelley G.A. Intimate partner violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements 1999, Atlanta (GA) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
118. Schecter S. Women and male violence 1982, South End Press, Boston.
119. Scholz S.J. Moral implications of the battered woman syndrome Retrieved March 15, 2010, from. http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Soci/SociScho.htm.
120. Seligman M.E.P. Helplessness: On depression, development, and death 1975, Freeman, San Francisco.
121. Seligman M.E., Maier S.F. Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1967, 74:1-9.
122. Shook N.J., Gerrity D.A., Jurich J., Segrist A.E. Courtship violence among college students: A comparison of verbally and physically abusive couples. Journal of Family Violence 2000, 15(1):1-22.
123. Simons L.G., Burt C.H., Simons R.L. A test of explanations for the effect of harsh parenting on the perpetration of dating violence and sexual coercion among college males. Violence and Victims 2008, 23(1):66-82.
124. Simons R.L., Lin K.H., Gordon L.C. Socialization in the family of origin and male dating violence: A prospective study. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1998, 60:467-478.
125. Smith M. Patriarchal ideology and wife beating: A test of feminist hypothesis. Violence and Victims 1990, 5:257-273.
126. Stark E. Insults, injury, and injustice: Rethinking state intervention in domestic violence cases. Violence Against Women 2004, 10:1302-1330.
127. Steinmetz S.K. Family violence: Past, present, and future. Handbook of marriage and the family 1987, 725-765. Plenum Press, New York. M.B. Sussman (Ed.).
128. Stith S.M., Smith D.B., Penn C.E., Ward D.B., Tritt D. Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2004, 10(1):65-98.
129. Straus M.A., Gelles R.J. Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1986, 48(3):465-479.
130. Straus M.A., Kaufman-Kantor G.K. Corporal punishment by parents: A risk factor in the epidemiology of depression, suicide, alcohol abuse, child abuse, and wife beating. Adolescence 1994, 29:543-561.
131. Straus M.A., Yodanis C.L. Corporal punishment in adolescence and physical assaults on spouses in later life: What accounts. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1996, 58:825-843.
132. Sugihara Y., Warner J.A. Dominance and domestic abuse among Mexican Americans: Gender differences in the etiology of violence in intimate relationships. Journal of Family Violence 2002, 17:315-340.
133. Swinford S.P., DeMaris A., Cernkovich S.A., Giordano P.C. Harsh physical discipline in childhood and violence in later romantic involvements: The mediating role of problem behaviors. Journal of Marriage and the Family 2000, 62(2):508-519.
134. Toro-Alfonso J., RodrIguez-Madera S. Domestic violence in Puerto Rican gay male couples: Perceived prevalence, intergenerational violence, addictive behaviors, and conflict resolution skills. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2004, 19(6):639-654.
135. Turk A. Class, conflict, and criminalization. Sociological Focus 1977, 10:209-220.
136. Wahed T., Bhuiya A. Battered bodies & shattered minds: Violence against women in Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2007, 126:341-354.
137. Waites E.A. Female masochism and the enforced restriction of choice. Victimology 1978, 2:535-544.
138. Walker L. Battered women and learned helplessness. Victimology 1977/1978, 2:525-534.
139. Walker L. The battered woman 1979, Harper & Row, New York.
140. Walker A. In search of our mothers' gardens: Womanist prose 1993, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, San Diego.
141. Walker L.A. Battered woman syndrome: Empirical findings. Annals of New York Academy of Science 2006, 1087:142-157.
142. Walker L., Browne A. Gender and victimization by intimates. Journal of Personality 1985, 53:179-195.
143. WHO Violence against women. A health priority issue (no. FRH/WHD/97.8) 1997, World Health Organisation, Geneva.
144. WHO World report on violence and health: Summary 2002, WHO.: World Health Organization, Geneva.
145. WHO Summary Report: WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women: Initial results on prevalence, health outcomes, and women's responses 2005, WHO, Geneva.
146. Yick A.G. Feminist theory and status inconsistency theory: Application to domestic violence in Chinese immigrant families. Violence Against Women 2001, 7:545-562.
147. Yllö K., Bograd M. Feminist perspectives on wife abuse 1988, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
148. Yllo K., Straus M. Patriarchy and violence against wives: The impact of structural and normative factors. Physical violence in American families 1990, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick. M. Straus, R. Gelles (Eds.).
149. Yodanis C.L. Gender inequality, violence against women, and fear: A cross-national test of the feminist theory of violence against women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2004, 19:655-675.