메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1057-1064

Pacing and awareness: Brain regulation of physical activity

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; AWARENESS; BRAIN; ENERGY METABOLISM; EXERCISE; FATIGUE; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84887105060     PISSN: 01121642     EISSN: 11792035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0091-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (117)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 34248590035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-paced exercise program for office workers: Impact on productivity and health outcomes
    • 17405586
    • Low D, Gramlich M, Engram B. Self-paced exercise program for office workers: impact on productivity and health outcomes. AAOHN J. 2007;55:99-105.
    • (2007) AAOHN J , vol.55 , pp. 99-105
    • Low, D.1    Gramlich, M.2    Engram, B.3
  • 2
    • 2942547314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring exercise intensity during resistance training using the session RPE scale
    • 15142026
    • Day M, McGuigan MR, Brice G, Foster C. Monitoring exercise intensity during resistance training using the session RPE scale. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18:353-8.
    • (2004) J Strength Cond Res , vol.18 , pp. 353-358
    • Day, M.1    McGuigan, M.R.2    Brice, G.3    Foster, C.4
  • 4
    • 34047242666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol for the PACE trial: A randomised controlled trial of adaptive pacing, cognitive behaviour therapy, and graded exercise as supplements to standardised specialist medical care versus standardised specialist medical care alone for patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis or encephalopathy
    • 10.1186/1471-2377-7-6
    • White P, Sharpe MC, Chalder T, DeCesare JC, Walwyn R. Protocol for the PACE trial: a randomised controlled trial of adaptive pacing, cognitive behaviour therapy, and graded exercise as supplements to standardised specialist medical care versus standardised specialist medical care alone for patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis or encephalopathy. BMC Neurol. 2007;7:1-20.
    • (2007) BMC Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 1-20
    • White, P.1    Sharpe, M.C.2    Chalder, T.3    Decesare, J.C.4    Walwyn, R.5
  • 5
    • 70349193205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Let them roam free? Physiological and psychological evidence for the potential of self-selected exercise intensity in public health
    • 19757863 10.2165/11315210-000000000-00000
    • Ekkekakis P. Let them roam free? Physiological and psychological evidence for the potential of self-selected exercise intensity in public health. Sports Med. 2009;39:857-88.
    • (2009) Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 857-888
    • Ekkekakis, P.1
  • 7
    • 0034908392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural control of force output during maximal and submaximal exercise
    • 11508520 10.2165/00007256-200131090-00001 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3MvmsVWisQ%3D%3D
    • St Clair Gibson A, Lambert MI, Noakes TD. Neural control of force output during maximal and submaximal exercise. Sports Med. 2001;31:637-50.
    • (2001) Sports Med , vol.31 , pp. 637-650
    • St Clair Gibson, A.1    Lambert, M.I.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 8
    • 79954559731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to move beyond a brainless exercise physiology: The evidence for complex regulation of human exercise performance
    • 10.1139/H10-082
    • Noakes TD. Time to move beyond a brainless exercise physiology: the evidence for complex regulation of human exercise performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol. 2011;36:23-35.
    • (2011) Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol , vol.36 , pp. 23-35
    • Noakes, T.D.1
  • 9
    • 3843118427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for complex system integration and dynamic neural regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment during exercise in humans
    • 15562183 10.1136/bjsm.2003.009852 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2croslyltw%3D%3D
    • St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Evidence for complex system integration and dynamic neural regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38:797-806.
    • (2004) Br J Sports Med , vol.38 , pp. 797-806
    • St Clair Gibson, A.1    Noakes, T.D.2
  • 10
    • 13144249162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From catastrophe to complexity: A novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans: Summary and conclusions
    • 15665213 10.1136/bjsm.2003.010330 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M%2Fjs1Kgsw%3D%3D
    • Noakes TD, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV. From catastrophe to complexity: a novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans: summary and conclusions. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:120-4.
    • (2005) Br J Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 120-124
    • Noakes, T.D.1    St Clair Gibson, A.2    Lambert, E.V.3
  • 11
    • 33746736391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort
    • 16869711 10.2165/00007256-200636080-00006
    • St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV, Rauch LGH, Tucker R, Baden DA, Foster C, Noakes TD. The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort. Sports Med. 2006;36:705-22.
    • (2006) Sports Med , vol.36 , pp. 705-722
    • St Clair Gibson, A.1    Lambert, E.V.2    Rauch, L.G.H.3    Tucker, R.4    Baden, D.A.5    Foster, C.6    Noakes, T.D.7
  • 12
    • 65449160877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of feedback and prior experience on pacing during a 4-km cycle time trial
    • 19127178 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181854957
    • Mauger AR, Jones AM, Williams CA. Influence of feedback and prior experience on pacing during a 4-km cycle time trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:451-8.
    • (2009) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.41 , pp. 451-458
    • Mauger, A.R.1    Jones, A.M.2    Williams, C.A.3
  • 13
    • 77957705864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Previous experience influences pacing during 20 km time trial cycling
    • 19364755 10.1136/bjsm.2009.057315 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cfntVSrsg%3D%3D
    • Micklewright D, Papadopoulou E, Swart J, Noakes T. Previous experience influences pacing during 20 km time trial cycling. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44:952-60.
    • (2010) Br J Sports Med , vol.44 , pp. 952-960
    • Micklewright, D.1    Papadopoulou, E.2    Swart, J.3    Noakes, T.4
  • 14
    • 0028144694 scopus 로고
    • Pacing strategy and athletic performance
    • 8171225 10.2165/00007256-199417020-00001 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3isFWjtA%3D%3D
    • Foster C, Schrager M, Snyder AC, Thompson NN. Pacing strategy and athletic performance. Sports Med. 1994;17:77-85.
    • (1994) Sports Med , vol.17 , pp. 77-85
    • Foster, C.1    Schrager, M.2    Snyder, A.C.3    Thompson, N.N.4
  • 15
    • 0015759929 scopus 로고
    • Fractional utilization of the aerobic capacity during distance running
    • 4774203 1:STN:280:DyaE2c%2Fosleqtg%3D%3D
    • Costill D, Thomason H, Roberts E. Fractional utilization of the aerobic capacity during distance running. Med Sci Sports. 1973;5:248-52.
    • (1973) Med Sci Sports , vol.5 , pp. 248-252
    • Costill, D.1    Thomason, H.2    Roberts, E.3
  • 16
    • 0343621486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance
    • 10647532 10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012
    • Bassett D, Howley E. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:70-84.
    • (2000) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.32 , pp. 70-84
    • Bassett, D.1    Howley, E.2
  • 17
    • 84866324757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatigue is a brain-derived emotion that regulates the exercise behaviour to ensure the protection of whole body homeostasis
    • 10.3389/fphys.2012.00082
    • Noakes TD. Fatigue is a brain-derived emotion that regulates the exercise behaviour to ensure the protection of whole body homeostasis. Front Physiol. 2012;3:1-9.
    • (2012) Front Physiol , vol.3 , pp. 1-9
    • Noakes, T.D.1
  • 18
    • 4243200350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of deception of distance on prolonged cycling performance
    • 10.2466/pms.98.3.1017-1026 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2czgslejsA%3D%3D
    • Paterson S, Marino FE. Effect of deception of distance on prolonged cycling performance. Percept Mot Skill. 2004;98:1017-26.
    • (2004) Percept Mot Skill , vol.98 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Paterson, S.1    Marino, F.E.2
  • 19
    • 58549085954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of fluid ingestion alter pacing but not thermoregulatory responses during prolonged exercise in hot and humid conditions with appropriate convective cooling
    • 18853180 10.1007/s00421-008-0876-6 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M%2FlvVymsg%3D%3D
    • Dugas J, Oosthuizen U, Tucker R, Noakes TD. Rates of fluid ingestion alter pacing but not thermoregulatory responses during prolonged exercise in hot and humid conditions with appropriate convective cooling. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105:69-80.
    • (2009) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.105 , pp. 69-80
    • Dugas, J.1    Oosthuizen, U.2    Tucker, R.3    Noakes, T.D.4
  • 20
    • 9744258829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory regulation and avoidance of catastrophe during exercise-induced hyperthermia
    • 15581788 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.010
    • Marino FE. Anticipatory regulation and avoidance of catastrophe during exercise-induced hyperthermia. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2004;139:561-9.
    • (2004) Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol , vol.139 , pp. 561-569
    • Marino, F.E.1
  • 21
    • 12344250889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex systems model of fatigue: Integrative homoeostatic control of peripheral physiological systems during exercise in humans
    • 15618343 10.1136/bjsm.2003.011247 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cnktFGktQ%3D%3D
    • Lambert EV, St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Complex systems model of fatigue: integrative homoeostatic control of peripheral physiological systems during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:52-62.
    • (2005) Br J Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 52-62
    • Lambert, E.V.1    St Clair Gibson, A.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 22
    • 64349106303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans
    • 19131473 10.1152/japplphysiol.91324.2008
    • Marcora SM, Staiano W, Manning V. Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:857-64.
    • (2009) J Appl Physiol , vol.106 , pp. 857-864
    • Marcora, S.M.1    Staiano, W.2    Manning, V.3
  • 23
    • 12344292561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A signaling role for muscle glycogen in the regulation of pace during prolonged exercise
    • 15618337 10.1136/bjsm.2003.010645 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cnktFGksQ%3D%3D
    • Rauch H, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV. A signaling role for muscle glycogen in the regulation of pace during prolonged exercise. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:34-8.
    • (2005) Br J Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 34-38
    • Rauch, H.1    St Clair Gibson, A.2    Lambert, E.V.3
  • 25
    • 39349083164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition
    • 18278984 10.2165/00007256-200838030-00004
    • Abbiss C, Laursen P. Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Med. 2008;38:239-52.
    • (2008) Sports Med , vol.38 , pp. 239-252
    • Abbiss, C.1    Laursen, P.2
  • 26
    • 84867050953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological responses to self-paced exercise: Effort-matched comparisons across running and rowing modalities
    • 22828455 1:STN:280:DC%2BC38fis12ksw%3D%3D
    • Edwards AM, Lander PJ. Physiological responses to self-paced exercise: effort-matched comparisons across running and rowing modalities. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012;52:344-50.
    • (2012) J Sports Med Phys Fitness , vol.52 , pp. 344-350
    • Edwards, A.M.1    Lander, P.J.2
  • 27
    • 70349902497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-paced exercise is less physically challenging than enforced constant pace exercise of the same intensity: Influence of complex central metabolic control
    • 19196729 10.1136/bjsm.2008.056085 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MnntFGktA%3D%3D
    • Lander PJ, Butterly RJ, Edwards AM. Self-paced exercise is less physically challenging than enforced constant pace exercise of the same intensity: influence of complex central metabolic control. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:789-95.
    • (2009) Br J Sports Med , vol.43 , pp. 789-795
    • Lander, P.J.1    Butterly, R.J.2    Edwards, A.M.3
  • 28
    • 73949156907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of acetaminophen on performance during time trial cycling
    • 19910336 10.1152/japplphysiol.00761.2009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXitFGgs7w%3D
    • Mauger AR, Jones AM, Williams CA. Influence of acetaminophen on performance during time trial cycling. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108:98-104.
    • (2010) J Appl Physiol , vol.108 , pp. 98-104
    • Mauger, A.R.1    Jones, A.M.2    Williams, C.A.3
  • 29
    • 45149105874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatigue mechanisms determining exercise performance: Integrative physiology is systems biology
    • 18239081 10.1152/japplphysiol.00088.2008
    • Hargreaves M. Fatigue mechanisms determining exercise performance: integrative physiology is systems biology. J Appl Physiol. 2008;104:1541-2.
    • (2008) J Appl Physiol , vol.104 , pp. 1541-1542
    • Hargreaves, M.1
  • 31
    • 67249083383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anticipatory regulation of performance: The physiological basis for pacing strategies and the development of a perception-based model for exercise performance
    • 19224911 10.1136/bjsm.2008.050799 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MzpslWqsA%3D%3D
    • Tucker R. The anticipatory regulation of performance: the physiological basis for pacing strategies and the development of a perception-based model for exercise performance. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:392-400.
    • (2009) Br J Sports Med , vol.43 , pp. 392-400
    • Tucker, R.1
  • 32
    • 15244360484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of different air velocities on heat storage and body temperature in humans cycling in a hot, humid environment
    • 15743384 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01400.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivVGhsrw%3D
    • Saunders AG, Dugas JP, Tucker R, Lambert MI, Noakes TD. The effects of different air velocities on heat storage and body temperature in humans cycling in a hot, humid environment. Acta Physiol Scand. 2005;183:241-55.
    • (2005) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.183 , pp. 241-255
    • Saunders, A.G.1    Dugas, J.P.2    Tucker, R.3    Lambert, M.I.4    Noakes, T.D.5
  • 34
    • 3442885441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired exercise performance in the heat is associated with an anticipatory reduction in skeletal muscle recruitment
    • 15138825 10.1007/s00424-004-1267-4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltVSmsrs%3D
    • Tucker R, Rauch L, Harley Y, Noakes T. Impaired exercise performance in the heat is associated with an anticipatory reduction in skeletal muscle recruitment. Pflügers Archiv. 2004;448:422-30.
    • (2004) Pflügers Archiv , vol.448 , pp. 422-430
    • Tucker, R.1    Rauch, L.2    Harley, Y.3    Noakes, T.4
  • 35
    • 84857626025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of competition on performance and pacing during cycling exercise
    • 21900846 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823378b1
    • Corbett J, Barwood M, Ouzounoglou A, Thelwell R, Dicks M. Influence of competition on performance and pacing during cycling exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:509-15.
    • (2012) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.44 , pp. 509-515
    • Corbett, J.1    Barwood, M.2    Ouzounoglou, A.3    Thelwell, R.4    Dicks, M.5
  • 36
    • 84655167109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual cues in the regulation of exercise performance-physical sensations of exercise and awareness of effort interact as separate cues
    • 21948124 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090337
    • Swart J, Lindsay TR, Lambert MI, Brown JC, Noakes TD. Perceptual cues in the regulation of exercise performance-physical sensations of exercise and awareness of effort interact as separate cues. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46:42-8.
    • (2012) Br J Sports Med , vol.46 , pp. 42-48
    • Swart, J.1    Lindsay, T.R.2    Lambert, M.I.3    Brown, J.C.4    Noakes, T.D.5
  • 37
    • 47349116317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for maximum oxygen consumption has produced a brainless model of human exercise performance
    • 18424484 10.1136/bjsm.2008.046821 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cvjtFWjsA%3D%3D
    • Noakes T. Testing for maximum oxygen consumption has produced a brainless model of human exercise performance. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42:551-5.
    • (2008) Br J Sports Med , vol.42 , pp. 551-555
    • Noakes, T.1
  • 38
    • 36348945719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criteria for determination of the maximal oxygen uptake: A brief critique and recommendations for future research
    • 18027991 10.2165/00007256-200737120-00002
    • Midgley A, McNaughton LR, Polman RCJ, Marchant D. Criteria for determination of the maximal oxygen uptake: a brief critique and recommendations for future research. Sports Med. 2007;37:1019-28.
    • (2007) Sports Med , vol.37 , pp. 1019-1028
    • Midgley, A.1    McNaughton, L.R.2    Polman, R.C.J.3    Marchant, D.4
  • 39
    • 57749174868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration: Cause of fatigue or sign of pacing in elite soccer?
    • 19093692 10.2165/00007256-200939010-00001
    • Edwards A, Noakes TD. Dehydration: cause of fatigue or sign of pacing in elite soccer? Sports Med. 2009;39:1-13.
    • (2009) Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 1-13
    • Edwards, A.1    Noakes, T.D.2
  • 40
    • 0034200874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological models to understand exercise fatigue and the adaptations that predict or enhance athletic performance
    • 10843507 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010003123.x 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3cvgvF2htw%3D%3D
    • Noakes TD. Physiological models to understand exercise fatigue and the adaptations that predict or enhance athletic performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2000;10:123-45.
    • (2000) Scand J Med Sci Sports , vol.10 , pp. 123-145
    • Noakes, T.D.1
  • 41
    • 0024148923 scopus 로고
    • The lactate paradox: Analysis of underlying mechanisms
    • Hochachka P. The lactate paradox: analysis of underlying mechanisms. Ann Sports Med. 1988;4:184-8.
    • (1988) Ann Sports Med , vol.4 , pp. 184-188
    • Hochachka, P.1
  • 42
    • 0029974435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concept of an extracellular regulation of muscular metabolic rate during heavy exercise in humans by psychophysiological feedback
    • 10.1007/BF01919309 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsVKnsbg%3D
    • Ulmer H. Concept of an extracellular regulation of muscular metabolic rate during heavy exercise in humans by psychophysiological feedback. Experimentia. 1996;52:416-20.
    • (1996) Experimentia , vol.52 , pp. 416-420
    • Ulmer, H.1
  • 43
    • 54049084912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do we really need a central governor to explain brain regulation of exercise performance?
    • 18618133 10.1007/s00421-008-0818-3
    • Marcora S. Do we really need a central governor to explain brain regulation of exercise performance? Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;104:929-31.
    • (2008) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.104 , pp. 929-931
    • Marcora, S.1
  • 44
    • 67249148494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological regulation of pacing strategy during exercise: A critical review
    • 10.1136/bjsm.2009.057562
    • Tucker R, Noakes TD. The physiological regulation of pacing strategy during exercise: a critical review. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:1-9.
    • (2009) Br J Sports Med , vol.43 , pp. 1-9
    • Tucker, R.1    Noakes, T.D.2
  • 46
    • 0032211048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A specific role for the thalamus in mediating the interaction of attention and arousal in humans
    • 9787003 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntFOksrs%3D
    • Portas CM, Rees G, Howseman AM, Josephs O, Turner R, Frith CD. A specific role for the thalamus in mediating the interaction of attention and arousal in humans. J Neurosci. 1998;18:8979-89.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 8979-8989
    • Portas, C.M.1    Rees, G.2    Howseman, A.M.3    Josephs, O.4    Turner, R.5    Frith, C.D.6
  • 47
    • 84965419299 scopus 로고
    • Conscious vs. Unconscious processes
    • 10.1177/0959354392021004
    • Bridgeman B. Conscious vs. unconscious processes. Theory Psychol. 1992;2:73-88.
    • (1992) Theory Psychol , vol.2 , pp. 73-88
    • Bridgeman, B.1
  • 48
    • 52849105538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience, awareness and consciousness: Suggestions for definitions as offered by an evolutionary approach
    • 10.1023/A:1011371811027
    • Vaneechoutte M. Experience, awareness and consciousness: suggestions for definitions as offered by an evolutionary approach. Found Sci. 2000;5:429-56.
    • (2000) Found Sci , vol.5 , pp. 429-456
    • Vaneechoutte, M.1
  • 49
    • 21844486855 scopus 로고
    • Facing up to the problem of consciousness
    • Chalmers D. Facing up to the problem of consciousness. J Conscious Stud. 1995;2:200-19.
    • (1995) J Conscious Stud , vol.2 , pp. 200-219
    • Chalmers, D.1
  • 50
    • 0029016357 scopus 로고
    • Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex?
    • 7753166 10.1038/375121a0 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXls1Wju7s%3D
    • Crick F, Koch C. Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex? Nature. 1995;375:121-3.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 121-123
    • Crick, F.1    Koch, C.2
  • 51
    • 0002572395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness and the cerebral hemispheres
    • Cambridge: MIT Press
    • Gazzaniga M. Consciousness and the cerebral hemispheres. In: The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1996.
    • (1996) The Cognitive Neurosciences
    • Gazzaniga, M.1
  • 52
    • 85004795398 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure
    • 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x
    • Masters RSW. Knowledge, knerves and know-how: the role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. Br J Psychol. 1992;83:343-58.
    • (1992) Br J Psychol , vol.83 , pp. 343-358
    • Masters, R.S.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.