Multidisciplinary approaches to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Cancer

Volumn 119, Issue 22, 2013, Pages 3929-3942

  Maithel, Shishir K ^a   Clark Gamblin, T ^b   Kamel, Ihab ^c   Corona Villalobos, Celia Pamela ^c   Thomas, Melanie ^d   Pawlik, Timothy M ^c  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

chemotherapy; imaging; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; locoregional; multidisciplinary; resection

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CETUXIMAB; CISPLATIN; ERLOTINIB; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; GADOXETIC ACID; GEMCITABINE; OXALIPLATIN; PANITUMUMAB; SELUMETINIB; SORAFENIB; YTTRIUM 90;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ABLATION THERAPY; BILE DUCT CARCINOMA; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DUODENUM ULCER; ECHOGRAPHY; FATIGUE; HUMAN; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OVERALL SURVIVAL; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIATION THERAPY; VOMITING;

CHEMOTHERAPY; IMAGING; INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; LOCOREGIONAL; MULTIDISCIPLINARY; RESECTION;

CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; PROGNOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84887087327     PISSN: 0008543X     EISSN: 10970142     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28312     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Edge S, Byrd D, Compton C, Fritz A, Greene F, Trotti A, eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2010.
2. El-Serag HB, Engels EA, Landgren O, et al. Risk of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers after hepatitis C virus infection: a population-based study of U.S. veterans. Hepatology. 2009; 49: 116-123.
3. Endo I, Gonen M, Yopp AC, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: rising frequency, improved survival, and determinants of outcome after resection. Ann Surg. 2008; 248: 84-96.
4. Malhi H, Gores GJ,. Cholangiocarcinoma: modern advances in understanding a deadly old disease. J Hepatol. 2006; 45: 856-867.
5. Shaib YH, Davila JA, McGlynn K, El-Serag HB,. Rising incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a true increase? J Hepatol. 2004; 40: 472-477.
6. Khan SA, Toledano MB, Taylor-Robinson SD,. Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2008; 10: 77-82.
7. Patel T,. Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Hepatology. 2001; 33: 1353-1357.
8. Patel T,. Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies [serial online]. BMC Cancer. 2002; 2: 10.
9. Inoue K, Makuuchi M, Takayama T, et al. Long-term survival and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of mass-forming type cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery. 2000; 127: 498-505.
10. Konstadoulakis MM, Roayaie S, Gomatos IP, et al. Fifteen-year, single-center experience with the surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: operative Results and long-term outcome. Surgery. 2008; 143: 366-374.
11. Nakagohri T, Kinoshita T, Konishi M, Takahashi S, Gotohda N,. Surgical outcome and prognostic factors in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg. 2008; 32: 2675-2680.
12. Fan B, Malato Y, Calvisi DF, et al. Cholangiocarcinomas can originate from hepatocytes in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012; 122: 2911-2915.
13. Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Saitoh S, et al. Incidence of primary cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Cancer. 2000; 88: 2471-2477.
14. Shaib YH, El-Serag HB, Davila JA, Morgan R, McGlynn KA,. Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study. Gastroenterology. 2005; 128: 620-626.
15. Donato F, Gelatti U, Tagger A, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatitis C and B virus infection, alcohol intake, and hepatolithiasis: a case-control study in Italy. Cancer Causes Control. 2001; 12: 959-964.
16. Welzel TM, Graubard BI, El-Serag HB, et al. Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a population-based case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 5: 1221-1228.
17. Srivatanakul P, Parkin DM, Jiang YZ, et al. The role of infection by Opisthorchis viverrini, hepatitis B virus, and aflatoxin exposure in the etiology of liver cancer in Thailand. A correlation study. Cancer. 1991; 68: 2411-2417.
18. Patel AH, Harnois DM, Klee GG, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ,. The utility of CA 19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000; 95: 204-207.
19. Miura F, Okazumi S, Takayama W, et al. Hemodynamics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: evaluation with single-level dynamic CT during hepatic arteriography. Abdom Imaging. 2004; 29: 467-471.
20. Chung YE, Kim MJ, Park YN, et al. Varying appearances of cholangiocarcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2009; 29: 683-700.
21. Yamasaki S,. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: macroscopic type and stage classification. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2003; 10: 288-291.
22. Fukukura Y, Hamanoue M, Fujiyoshi F, et al. Cholangiolocellular carcinoma of the liver: CT and MR findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2000; 24: 809-812.
23. Han JK, Choi BI, Kim AY, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: pictorial essay of CT and cholangiographic findings. Radiographics. 2002; 22: 173-187.
24. Manfredi R, Barbaro B, Masselli G, Vecchioli A, Marano P,. Magnetic resonance imaging of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004; 24: 155-164.
25. Kang Y, Lee JM, Kim SH, Han JK, Choi BI,. Intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma: enhancement patterns on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR images. Radiology. 2012; 264: 751-760.
26. Peporte AR, Sommer WH, Nikolaou K, Reiser MF, Zech CJ,. Imaging features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2013; 82: e101-e106.
27. Hoh CK, Hawkins RA, Glaspy JA, et al. Cancer detection with whole-body PET using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1993; 17: 582-589.
28. Anderson CD, Rice MH, Pinson CW, Chapman WC, Chari RS, Delbeke D,. Fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging in the evaluation of gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004; 8: 90-97.
29. Kim YJ, Yun M, Lee WJ, Kim KS, Lee JD,. Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003; 30: 1467-1472.
30. Corvera CU, Blumgart LH, Akhurst T, et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography influences management decisions in patients with biliary cancer. J Am Coll Surg. 2008; 206: 57-65.
31. Petrowsky H, Wildbrett P, Husarik DB, et al. Impact of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography on staging and management of gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol. 2006; 45: 43-50.
32. Weber SM, Jarnagin WR, Klimstra D, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH,. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: resectability, recurrence pattern, and outcomes. J Am Coll Surg. 2001; 193: 384-391.
33. Choi SB, Kim KS, Choi JY, et al. The prognosis and survival outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following surgical resection: association of lymph node metastasis and lymph node dissection with survival. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009; 16: 3048-3056.
34. de Jong MC, Nathan H, Sotiropoulos GC, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an international multi-institutional analysis of prognostic factors and lymph node assessment. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29: 3140-3145.
35. Fisher SB, Patel SH, Kooby DA, et al. Lymphovascular and perineural invasion as selection criteria for adjuvant therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institution analysis. HPB (Oxford). 2012; 14: 514-522.
36. Greene F, Page D, Flemming I, et al. eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002.
37. Nathan H, Aloia TA, Vauthey JN, et al. A proposed staging system for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. Oncol. 2009; 16: 14-22.
38. Okabayashi T, Yamamoto J, Kosuge T, et al. A new staging system for mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of preoperative and postoperative variables. Cancer. 2001; 92: 2374-2383.
39. Farges O, Fuks D, Le Treut YP, et al. AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: by the AFC-IHCC-2009 Study Group. Cancer. 2011; 117: 2170-2177.
40. Carpizo DR, D'Angelica M,. Management and extent of resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin North Am. 2009; 18: 289-305, viii-ix.
41. Nakagawa T, Kamiyama T, Kurauchi N, et al. Number of lymph node metastases is a significant prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg. 2005; 29: 728-733.
42. Ito H, Ito K, D'Angelica M, et al. Accurate staging for gallbladder cancer: implications for surgical therapy and pathological assessment. Ann Surg. 2011; 254: 320-325.
43. Ito K, Ito H, Allen PJ, et al. Adequate lymph node assessment for extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2010; 251: 675-681.
44. Weaver DL,. Pathology evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: protocol recommendations and rationale. Mod Pathol. 2010; 23 (suppl 2): S26-S32.
45. Ocuin LM, Bagci P, Fisher SB, et al. Discordance between conventional and detailed lymph node analysis in resected biliary carcinoma at or above the cystic duct: are we understaging patients [published online ahead of print July 25, 2013]? Ann Surg. Oncol. 2013.
46. Hyder O, Hatzaras I, Sotiropoulos GC, et al. Recurrence after operative management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery. 2013; 153: 811-818.
47. Yamamoto M, Takasaki K, Otsubo T, Katsuragawa H, Katagiri S,. Recurrence after surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2001; 8: 154-157.
48. Blechacz B, Komuta M, Roskams T, Gores GJ,. Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 8: 512-522.
49. Aishima S, Fujita N, Mano Y, et al. Different roles of S100P overexpression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: carcinogenesis of perihilar type and aggressive behavior of peripheral type. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011; 35: 590-598.
50. Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, et al. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362: 1273-1281.
51. Patt YZ, Hassan MM, Aguayo A, et al. Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma. Cancer. 2004; 101: 578-586.
52. Philip PA, Mahoney MR, Allmer C, et al. Phase II study of erlotinib in patients with advanced biliary cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24: 3069-3074.
53. Alberts SR, Al-Khatib H, Mahoney MR, et al. Gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin in advanced biliary tract and gallbladder carcinoma: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II trial. Cancer. 2005; 103: 111-118.
54. Gruenberger B, Schueller J, Heubrandtner U, et al. Cetuximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010; 11: 1142-1148.
55. Lubner SJ, Mahoney MR, Kolesar JL, et al. Report of a multicenter phase II trial testing a combination of biweekly bevacizumab and daily erlotinib in patients with unresectable biliary cancer: a phase II Consortium study. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28: 3491-3497.
56. Jensen LH, Lindebjerg J, Ploen J, Hansen TF, Jakobsen A,. Phase II marker-driven trial of panitumumab and chemotherapy in KRAS wild-type biliary tract cancer. Ann Oncol. 2012; 23: 2341-2346.
57. El-Khoueiry AB, Rankin CJ, Ben-Josef E, et al. SWOG 0514: a phase II study of sorafenib in patients with unresectable or metastatic gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Invest New Drugs. 2012; 30: 1646-1651.
58. Bekaii-Saab T, Phelps MA, Li X, et al. Multi-institutional phase II study of selumetinib in patients with metastatic biliary cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29: 2357-2363.
59. Wehbe H, Henson R, Meng F, Mize-Berge J, Patel T,. Interleukin-6 contributes to growth in cholangiocarcinoma cells by aberrant promoter methylation and gene expression. Cancer Res. 2006; 66: 10517-10524.
60. Fava G, Alpini G, Rychlicki C, et al. Leptin enhances cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. Cancer Res. 2008; 68: 6752-6761.
61. Furuse J, Kasuga A, Takasu A, Kitamura H, Nagashima F,. Role of chemotherapy in treatments for biliary tract cancer. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012; 19: 337-341.
62. Eckmann KR, Patel DK, Landgraf A, et al. Chemotherapy outcomes for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic and hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2011; 4: 155-160.
63. Utispan K, Sonongbua J, Thuwajit P, et al. Periostin activates integrin alpha5beta1 through a PI3K/AKT-dependent pathway in invasion of cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Oncol. 2012; 41: 1110-1118.
64. Mertens JC, Fingas CD, Christensen JD, et al. Therapeutic effects of deleting cancer-associated fibroblasts in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 2013; 73: 897-907.
65. Fingas CD, Mertens JC, Razumilava N, Bronk SF, Sirica AE, Gores GJ,. Targeting PDGFR-beta in cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int. 2012; 32: 400-409.
66. Sia D, Hoshida Y, Villanueva A, et al. Integrative molecular analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals 2 classes that have different outcomes. Gastroenterology. 2013; 144: 829-840.
67. Andersen JB, Thorgeirsson SS,. Genetic profiling of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012; 28: 266-272.
68. Andersen JB, Spee B, Blechacz BR, et al. Genomic and genetic characterization of cholangiocarcinoma identifies therapeutic targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Gastroenterology. 2012; 142: 1021-1101.e15.
69. Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002; 359: 1734-1739.
70. Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2002; 35: 1164-1171.
71. Walter JF, Bookstein JJ, Bouffard EV,. Newer angiographic observations in cholangiocarcinoma. Radiology. 1976; 118: 19-23.
72. Choi BI, Han JK, Kim YI, et al. Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: sonography, CT, angiography, and iodized-oil CT with pathologic correlation Abdom Imaging. 1994; 19: 43-46.
73. Burger I, Hong K, Schulick R, et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: initial experience in a single institution. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005; 16: 353-361.
74. Hyder O, Marsh JW, Salem R, et al. Intra-arterial therapy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma-a multi-institutional analysis [published online ahead of print July 12, 2013]. Ann Surg. Oncol. 2013.
75. Dhanasekaran R, Kooby DA, Staley CA, Kauh JS, Khanna V, Kim HS,. Comparison of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and chemoembolization with doxorubicin drug eluting beads (DEB) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Surg Oncol. 2010; 101: 476-480.
76. Lammer J, Malagari K, Vogl T, et al. PRECISION V Investigators. Prospective randomized study of doxorubicin-eluting-bead embolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of the PRECISION V study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2010; 33: 41-52.
77. Tang Y, Taylor RR, Gonzalez MV, Lewis AL, Stratford PW,. Evaluation of irinotecan drug-eluting beads: a new drug-device combination product for the chemoembolization of hepatic metastases. J Control Release. 2006; 116: e55-e56.
78. Taylor RR, Tang Y, Gonzalez MV, Stratford PW, Lewis AL,. Irinotecan drug eluting beads for use in chemoembolization: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of drug release properties. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2007; 30: 7-14.
79. Kuhlmann JB, Euringer W, Spangenberg HC, et al. Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: conventional transarterial chemoembolization compared with drug eluting bead-transarterial chemoembolization and systemic chemotherapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 24: 437-443.
80. Ibrahim SM, Mulcahy MF, Lewandowski RJ, et al. Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma using yttrium-90 microspheres: Results from a pilot study. Cancer. 2008; 113: 2119-2128.
81. Halappa VG, Bonekamp S, Corona-Villalobos CP, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with local-regional therapy: quantitative volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient maps for assessment of tumor response. Radiology. 2012; 264: 285-294.
82. Chung KY, Kemeny N,. Regional and systemic chemotherapy for primary hepatobiliary cancers and for colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2005; 15: 284-298.
83. Tse A, Kemeny N,. The role of hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy in the management of patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. In:, McCulloch P, Karpeh M, Kerr D, Ajani J, eds. Gastrointestinal Oncology: Evidence and Analysis. New York: Informa; 2007: 179-198.
84. Ackerman NB,. The blood supply of experimental liver metastases. IV. Changes in vascularity with increasing tumor growth. Surgery. 1974; 75: 589-596.
85. Ensminger WD, Gyves JW,. Clinical pharmacology of hepatic arterial chemotherapy. Semin Oncol. 1983; 10: 176-182.
86. Vogl TJ, Schwarz W, Eichler K, et al. Hepatic intraarterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine in patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinomas and liver metastases of pancreatic cancer: a clinical study on maximum tolerable dose and treatment efficacy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2006; 132: 745-755.
87. Kim JH, Won HJ, Shin YM, Kim KA, Kim PN,. Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011; 196: W205-W209.
88. Young RF,. The role of the gamma knife in the treatment of malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors. CA Cancer J Clin. 1998; 48: 177-188.
89. Lo SS, Dawson LA, Kim EY, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Med. 2010; 9: 404-410.
90. Dawson LA, Eccles C, Bissonnette JP, Brock KK,. Accuracy of daily image guidance for hypofractionated liver radiotherapy with active breathing control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005; 62: 1247-1252.
91. Blomgren H, Lax I, Naslund I, Svanstrom R,. Stereotactic high dose fraction radiation therapy of extracranial tumors using an accelerator. Clinical experience of the first 31 patients. Acta Oncol. 1995; 34: 861-870.
92. Ibarra RA, Rojas D, Snyder L, et al. Multicenter Results of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for nonresectable primary liver tumors. Acta Oncol. 2012; 51: 575-583.