Exploring substance use normalization among adolescents: A multilevel study in 35 countries

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 97, Issue , 2013, Pages 143-151

  Sznitman, Sharon R ^a   Kolobov, Tanya ^a   Bogt, Tom ter ^b   Kuntsche, Emmanuel ^c   Walsh, Sophie D ^d   Boniel Nissim, Meyran ^d   Harel Fisch, Yossi ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c ADDICTION SWITZERLAND   (Switzerland)

^d BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Alcohol use; Cannabis use; Cigarette use; Drunkenness; Substance use normalization

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENCE; DRUG USER; NUMERICAL MODEL; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SOCIAL PROBLEM;

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENCE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOL INTOXICATION; ARMENIA; ARTICLE; BULLYING; CANADA; CANNABIS SMOKING; DENMARK; FAMILY; FIGHTING; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; ICELAND; LATVIA; METHODOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR THEORY; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL; SMOKING; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SUBSTANCE USE NORMALIZATION;

ADOLESCENCE; ALCOHOL USE; CANNABIS USE; CIGARETTE USE; DRUNKENNESS; SUBSTANCE USE NORMALIZATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHILD; EUROPE; FEMALE; HUMANS; ISRAEL; MALE; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; NORTH AMERICA; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

CANNABIS; NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 84886302909     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: 18735347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.038     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Adlaf E.M., Smart R.G., Walsh G.W., Ivis F.J. Is the association between drug use and delinquency weakening?. Addiction 1994, 89:1675-1681.
2. Aldington S., Harwood M., Cox B., Weatherall M., Beckert L., Hansell A., et al. Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. European Respiratory Journal 2008, 31:280-286.
3. Alsaker F.D., Kroger J. Self-concept, self-esteem and identity. Handbook of adolescent development 2006, 90-117. Psychology Press, Hove, UK. S. Jackson, L. Goossens (Eds.).
4. Boden J.M., Fergusson D.M. The short and long term consequences of adolescent alcohol Use. Young people and alcohol: Impact, policy, prevention and treatment 2011, 32-46. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. J. Saunders, J.M. Rey (Eds.).
5. Bonny A.E., Britto M.T., Klostermann B.K., Hornung R.W., Slap G.B. School disconnectedness: identifying adolescents at risk. Pediatrics 2000, 106:1017-1021.
6. Burkhart G. Cannabis prevention in the EU. Acannabis reader: Global issues and local experiences 2008, 217-246. S.R. Sznitman, R. Room, B. Olsson (Eds.).
7. Catalano R.F., Haggerty K.P., Oesterle S., Fleming C.B., Hawkins J.D. The importance of bonding to school for healthy development: findings from the social development research group. Journal of School Health 2004, 74:252-261.
8. Chassin L., Presson C.C., Sherman S.J., Edwards D.A. The natural history of cigarette smoking: predicting young-adult smoking outcomes from adolescent smoking patterns. Health Psychology 1990, 9:701-716.
9. Conrod P.J., Pihl R.O., Stewart S.H., Dongier M. Validation of a system of classifying female substance abusers based on personality and motivational risk factors for substance abuse. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2000, 14.
10. Craig W.M., Harel Y. Bullying, physical fighting and victimization. Young people's health in context 2004, Accessed 07.04.13. http://psycserver.psyc.queensu.ca/craigw/Craig%2520&%2520Yossi.2004.pdf.
11. Currie C., Hurrelmann K., Settertobulte W., Smith R., Todd J. Health and health behaviour among young people 2000, WHO Policy Series: international report Health policy for children and adolescents Issue 1. Regional Office for Europe, WHO, Copenhagen.
12. Currie C., Zanotti C., Morgan A., Currie D., de Looze M., Roberts C., et al. Social determinants of health and well-being among young people 2012, Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2009/2010 survey, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen.
13. D'Amico E.J., Ellickson P.L., Collins R.L., Martino S.C., Klein D.J. Processes linking adolescent problems to substance use problems in late young adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2005, 66:766-775.
14. DeJong W., Wallack L. Acritical perspective on the drug czar's antidrug media campaign. Journal of Health Communication 1999, 4:155-160.
15. Dolcini M.M., Adler N.E., Lee P., Bauman K.E. An assessment of the validity of adolescent self-reported smoking using three biological indicators. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2003, 5:473-474.
16. Donovan J.E., Jessor R., Costa F.M. Adolescent health behavior and conventionality-unconventionality: an extension of problem behavior theory. Health Psychology 1991, 10.
17. Duff C. Party drugs and party people: examining the 'normalisation' of recreational drug use in Melbourne, Australia. International Journal of Drug Policy 2005, 16:161-170.
18. Engels R.M.E., Bogt T. Influences of risk behaviors on the quality of peer relations in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2001, 30:675-695.
19. Erickson P.G., Hathaway A.D. Normalization and harm reduction: research avenues and policy agendas. International Journal of Drug Policy 2010, 21:137-139.
20. Ersche K.D., Jones P.S., Williams G.B., Turton A.J., Robbins T.W., Bullmore E.T. Abnormal brain structure implicated in stimulant drug addiction. Science 2012, 335:601-604.
21. Fagan A.A., Najman J.M. The relative contributions of parental and sibling substance use to adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. Journal of Drug Issues 2005, 35:869-883.
22. Fergusson D.M., Horwood J., Swain-Campbell N. Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood. Addiction 2002, 97:1123-1135.
23. Gage J.C., Overpeck M.D., Nansel T.R., Kogan M.D. Peer activity in the evenings and participation in aggressive and problem behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health 2005, 37:517.
24. Gottfredson M.R., Hirschi T. Ageneral theory of crime 1990, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
25. Hannover B., Kessels U. Self-to-prototype matching as a strategy for making academic choices: why high school students do not like math and science. Learning and Instruction 2004, 14:51-67.
26. Hawkins J.D., Catalano R.F. Promoting science based prevention in communities. Addictive Behaviors 2002, 27:951-976.
27. Hawkins J.D., Catalano R.F., Miller J.Y. Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 112:64-105.
28. Hawkins J.D., Weis J.G. The social development model: an integrated approach to delinquency prevention. Journal of Primary Prevention Science 1985, 6:73-97.
29. Henry L.H., Slater M.D. The contextual effect of school attachment on young adolescents' alcohol use. Journal of School Health 2007, 77:67-74.
30. Hibell B., Guttormsson U., Ahlström S., Balakireva O., Bjarnason T., Kokkevi A., et al. The 2011 ESPAD report - Substance use among students in 36 European countries 2011, The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm: Sweden.
31. Hirschi T. Causes of delinquency 1969, University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif.
32. Jessor R., Donovan J.E., Costa F.M. Beyond adolescence: Problem behaviour and young adult development 1991, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
33. Jessor R., Jessor S.L. Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth 1977, Academic Press, New York.
34. Johnston L.D., O'Malley P.M., Bachman J.G., Schulenberg J.E. Monitoring the future: National results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2010 2011, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Accessed: 07.05.13. http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2010.pdf.
35. Kandel D., Chen K. Types of marijuana users by longitudinal course. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2000, 61:367-378.
36. Kendell R.E. The beneficial consequences of the United Kingdom's declining per capita consumption of alcohol. Alcohol and Alcoholism 1984, 19:271-276.
37. Kokkevi A., Fotiou A., Arapaki A., Richardson C. Prevalence, patterns, and correlates of tranquilizer and sedative use among European adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 2008, 43:584-592.
38. Kokkevi A., Richardson C., Florescu S., Kuzman M., Stergar E. Psychosocial correlates of substance use in adolescence: a cross-national study in six European countries. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2007, 86:67-74.
39. Kuntsche E.N. Progression of a general substance use pattern among adolescents in Switzerland? Investigating the relationship between alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use over a 12-year period. European Addiction Research 2004, 10:118-125.
40. Kuntsche E.N., Gmel G. Emotional wellbeing and violence among social and solitary risky single occasion drinkers in adolescence. Addiction 2004, 99:331-339.
41. Kuntsche, Kuntsche S., Knibbe R., Simons-Morton B., Farhat T., Hublet A., et al. Cultural and gender convergence in adolescent drunkenness, evidence from 23 European and North American countries. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 2011, 165:152-158.
42. Labouvie E.W., McGee C.R. Relation of personality to alcohol and drug use in adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1986, 54:289-293.
43. LaRusso M.D., Romer D., Selman R.L. Teachers as builders of respectful school climates: implications for adolescent drug use norms and depressive symptoms in high school. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2008, 37:386-398.
44. Lenton S., Boys A., Norcross K. Raves, drugs and experience: drug use by a sample in Western Australia. Addiction 1997, 92:1327-1337.
45. Lintonen T., Ahlström S., Metso L. The reliability of self-reported drinking in adolescence. Alcohol & Alcoholism 2004, 39:362-368.
46. Little M., Weaver S.R., King K.M., Liu F., Chassin L. Historical change in the link between adolescent deviance proneness and marijuana use, 1979-2004. Prevention Science 2008, 9:4-16.
47. Lynskey M.T. Alcohol use and violent behaviour among youth: results from a longitudinal study. Alcohol, young persons and violence 2001, 163-182. Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series, Canberra, Australia. P. Williams (Ed.).
48. Macleod J., Oakes R., Copello A., Crome I., Egger M., Hickman M., et al. Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young. Lancet 2004, 363:1579-1588.
49. Mercken L., Snijders T.A.B., Steglich C., Vartiainen E., de Vries H. Dynamics of adolescent friendship networks and smoking behavior. Social Networks 2010, 32:72-81.
50. Mercken L., Steglich C., Knibbe R., De Vries H. Dynamics of friendship networks and alcohol use in early and mid-adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Drugs 2012, 73:99-110.
51. Milich R., Lynam D., Zimmerman R., Logan T.K., Martin C., Leukefeld C., et al. Differences in young adult psychopathology among drug abstainers, experimenters, and frequent users. Journal of Substance Abuse 2000, 11:69-88.
52. Moffitt T.E. Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review 1993, 100:674-701.
53. Molcho M., Harel Y., Lash D. The co-morbidity of substance use and youth violence among Israeli school children. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2004, 16:223-251.
54. Nansel T.R., Overpeck M.D., Haynie D.L., Ruan W., Scheidt P.C. Relationships between bullying and violence among us youth. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2003, 157:348-353.
55. Nansel T.R., Overpeck M., Pilla R.S., Ruan W.J., Simons-Morton B., Scheidt P. Bullying behaviors among US youth: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA 2001, 285:2094-2100.
56. Niedenthal P.M., Cantor N., Kihlstrom J.F. Prototype matching. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1985, 48:575-584.
57. Pape H., Rossow I., Storvoll E.E. Wetter and better? Changes in associations between drunkenness and other problem behaviors among Norwegian youth. European Addiction Research 2008, 14:61-70.
58. Pape H., Storvoll E.E. Ungdom og narkotika - mot normalt?. Ung i Norge: Psychososiale Utfordringer [Young in Norway: Psychosocial Challenges] 2007, 145-160. Cappelen Akademiske Forlag, Oslo. L. Wichstrom, L. Kvalem (Eds.).
59. Parker H. Adolescent drugs pathways in the 1990s. Tackling drugs together: One year on 1997, ISTD, London.
60. Parker H. Pathology of modernity? Rethinking risk factor analyses of young drug users. Addiction Research and Theory 2003, 11:141-144.
61. Parker H., Aldrige J., Measham F. Illegal leisure. The normalisation of adolescent recreational drug use 1998, Routledge, London.
62. Paul C., Fitzjohn J., Herbison P., Dickson N. The determinants of sexual intercourse before age 16. Journal of Adolescent Health 2000, 27:136-147.
63. Pearson M., Michell L. Smoke rings: social network analysis of friendship groups, smoking and drug-taking. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 2000, 7:21-37.
64. Petraitis J., Flay B.R. Reviewing theories of adolescents substance use: organizing pieces in the puzzle. Psychological Bulletin 1995, 117:67-86.
65. Pihl R.O., Peterson J.B. Alcoholism: the role of different motivational systems. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 1995, 20:372-396.
66. Ravens-Sieberer U., Kokonyei G., Thomas C. School and health. Young people's health in context. Health behaviour in schoolaged children study: International report from the 2001/2002 survey 2004, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen. C. Currie (Ed.).
67. Reeve J. Self-determination theory applied to educational settings. Handbook of self-determination research 2002, 183-203. University of Rochester Press, Rochester, NY. E.L. Deci, R.M. Ryan (Eds.).
68. Reuband K.-H. Drug policies and drug prevalence: the role of demand and supply. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 1998, 6:321-336.
69. Rey J., Sawyer M., Raphael B., Patton G., Lynskey M. Mental health of teenagers who use cannabis: results of an Australian survey. British Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 180:216-221.
70. Roberts C., Tynjälä J., Currie D., King M. Annex 1: methods. Young people's health in context: Health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001/2002 survey 2004, 217-227. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. C. Currie, C. Roberts, A. Morgan (Eds.).
71. Rose G., Day S. The population mean predicts the number of deviant individuals. British Medical Journal 1990, 301:1031-1034.
72. Samdal O. Students perceptions of school and their smoking and alcohol use: a cross-national study. Addiction Research 2000, 8:141-167.
73. Shedler J., Block J. Adolescent drug use and psychological health. A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist 1990, 45:612-630.
74. Single E., Christie P., Ali R. The impact of cannabis decriminalisation in Australia and the United States. Journal of Public Health Policy 2000, 21:157-186.
75. Spriggs A.L., Iannotti R.J., Nansel T.R., Haynie D.L. Adolescent bullying involvement and perceived family, peer and school relations: commonalities and differences across race/ethnicity. Journal of Adolescent Health 2007, 41:283-293.
76. Springer A., Parcel G., Baumler E., Ross M. Supportive social relationships and adolescent health risk behavior among secondary school students in El Salvador. Social Science & Medicine 2006, 62:1628-1640.
77. Sznitman An examination of the normalisation of cannabis use among 9th grade school students in Sweden and Switzerland. Addiction Research and Theory 2007, 15:601-616.
78. Sznitman Drug normalization and the case of Sweden. Contemporary Drug Problems 2009, 35:447-480.
79. Sznitman R.S. Peer social network and adolescent alcohol use. OA Alcohol 2013, 1:9.
80. Sznitman R.,S., Dunlop S., Nalkur P., Khurana A., Romer D. Student drug testing in the context of positive and negative school climates: results from a national survey. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2012, 41:146-155.
81. Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics 2001, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, MA.
82. Torsheim T., Wold B., Samdal O., Haugland S. Test-retest reliability of survey indicators measuring adolescent health and health behaviour 1997, University of Bergen, Research Center for Health Promotion, Bergen, Norway.
83. Watts R.K., Rabow J. Alcohol availability and alcohol-related problems in 213 Californian cities. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1983, 7:47-58.
84. Windle M. Parental, sibling, and peer influences on adolescent substance use and alcohol problems. Applied Developmental Science 2000, 4:98-110.