Carbon Nano Onions

Chemistry of Nanocarbons

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 463-483

  Echegoyen, Luis ^a   Ortiz, Angy ^a   Chaur, Manuel N ^a   Palkar, Amit J ^b  

^a CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Phillips Research Center 224GB   (United States)

Author keywords

Annealing temperature effect on carbon nano onion fate; Arc discharge synthesis of carbon nano onions underwater; Carbon nano onion (CNO) reactivity; Carbon nano onions; Carbon nano onions obtained from annealing; Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; High resolution transmission electron microscopy TEM ; HRTEM images of nanodiamond; Nanodiamonds and carbon nano onions and strong EPR signals; Raman Spectroscopy of carbon nano onions by nanodiamond annealing

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886194824     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470660188.ch19     Document Type: Chapter

References (58)

1. H.W. Kroto, J.R. Heath, S.C. Obrien, R.F. Curl and R.E. Smalley, C-60 - Buckminsterfullerene. Nature, 318, 162-163 (1985).
2. W. Kratschmer, L.D. Lamb, K. Fostiropoulos and D.R. Huffman, Solid C60: a new form of carbon. Nature, 347, 354-358 (1990).
3. S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 354, 56-58 (1991).
4. T.W. Ebbesen and P.M. Ajayan, Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Nature, 358, 220-222 (1992).
5. Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Inagaki, M. Tomita and T. Hayashi, Growth and structure of graphitic tubules and polyhedral particles in arc-discharge. Chem. Phys. Lett., 204, 277-282 (1993).
6. R.S. Ruoff, D.C. Lorents, B. Chan, R. Malhotra and S. Subramoney, Single crystal metals encapsulated in carbon nanoparticles. Science, 259, (5093) 346-348 (1993).
7. D. Ugarte, Onion-Like graphitic particles. Carbon, 33, 989-993 (1995).
8. D. Ugarte, Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation. Nature, 359, 707-709 (1992).
9. V.L. Kuznetsov, A.L. Chuvilin, E.M. Moroz, V.N. Kolomiichuk, S.K. Shaikhutdinov, Y.V. Butenko and I.Y. Malkov, Effect of explosion conditions on the structure of detonation soots - ultradisperse diamond and onion carbon. Carbon, 32, 873-882 (1994).
10. V.L. Kuznetsov, A.L. Chuvilin, Y.V. Butenko, I.Y. Malkov and V.M. Titov, Onion-Like carbon from ultra-disperse diamond. Chem. Phys. Lett., 222, 343-348 (1994).
11. V.Z. Mordkovich, The observation of large concentric shell fullerenes and fullerene-like nanoparticles in laser pyrolysis carbon blacks. Chem. Mater., 12, 2813-2818 (2002).
12. V.Z. Mordkovich, Multishell and giant fullerenes in laser pyrolysis carbon blacks. Mol. Mater., 13, 371-376 (2000).
13. V.Z. Mordkovich, A.G. Umnov, T. Inoshita and M. Endo, The observation of multiwall fullerenes in thermally treated laser pyrolysis carbon blacks. Carbon, 37, 1855-1858 (1999).
14. O. Mamezaki, H. Adachi, S. Tomita, M. Fujii and S. Hayashi, Thin films of carbon nanocapsules and onion-like graphitic particles prepared by the cosputtering method. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1, 39, 6680-6683 (2000).
15. V.L. Kuznetsov, I.L. Zilberberg, Y.V. Butenko, A.L. Chuvilin and B. Segall, Theoretical study of the formation of closed curved graphite-like structures during annealing of diamond surface. J. Appl. Phys., 86, 863-870 (1999).
16. E.D. Obraztsova, M. Fujii, S. Hayashi, V.L. Kuznetsov and Y.V. Butenko, Raman identification of onion-like carbon. Carbon, 36, 821-826 (1998).
17. S. Tomita, T. Sakurai, H. Ohta, M. Fujii and S. Hayashi, Structure and electronic properties of carbon onions. J. Chem. Phys., 114, 7477-7482 (2001).
18. V.L. Kuznetsov, A.L. Chuvilin, Y.V. Butenko, I.Y. Malkov, A.K. Gutakovskii, S.V. Stankus and S.P. Krdirulin, Science and technology of fullerene materials. MRS Symposium. Procceedings., 359, 105 (1995).
19. Y.V. Butenko, V.L. Kuznetsov, E.A. Paukshtis, A.I. Stadnichenko, I.N. Mazov, S.I. Moseenkov, A.I. Boronin and S.V.Kosheev, The thermal stability of nanodiamond surface groups and onset of nanodiamond graphitization. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 14, 557-564 (2006).
20. S. Tomita, A. Burian, J.C. Dore, D. LeBolloch, M. Fujii and S. Hayashi, Diamond nanoparticles to carbon onions transformation: X-ray diffraction studies. Carbon, 40, 1469-1474 (2002).
21. V.L. Kuznetsov, Y.V. Butenko, A.L. Chuvilin, A.I. Romanenko and A.V. Okotrub, Electrical resistivity of graphitized ultra-disperse diamond and onion-like carbon. Chem. Phys. Lett., 336, 397-404 (2001).
22. A. Palkar, F. Melin, C.M. Cardona, B. Elliot, A.K. Naskar, D.D. Edie, A. Kumar and L. Echegoyen, Reactivity differences between carbon nano onions (CNOs) prepared by different methods. Chem. Asian J., 2, 625-633 (2007).
23. N. Sano, H. Wang, M. Chhowalla, I. Alexandrou and G.A.J. Amaratunga, Synthesis of carbon 'onions' in water. Nature, 414, 506-507 (2001).
24. N. Sano, H. Wang, I. Alexandrou, M. Chhowalla, K.B.K. Teo and G.A.J. Amaratunga, Properties of carbon onions produced by an arc discharge in water. J. Appl. Phys., 92, 2783-2788 (2002)
25. J. Guo, X.Wang, Y. Yao, X. Yang, X. Liu and B. Xu, Structure of Nanocarbons Prepared by Arc Discharge in Water. Mater. Chem. Phys., 105, 175-178 (2007).
26. M. Chhowalla, H.Wang, N. Sano, K.B.K. Teo, S.B. Lee and G.A.J. Amaratunga, Carbon onions: carriers of the 217.5 nm interstellar absorption feature. Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, 155504-1/155504-4 (2003).
27. D. Roy, M. Chhowalla, H. Wang, N. Sano, I. Alexandrou, T.W. Clyne and G.A.J. Amaratunga, Characterisation of carbon nano-onions using raman spectroscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett., 373, 52-56 (2003).
28. W. Lian, H. Song, X. Chen, L. Li, J. Huo, M. Zhao and G.Wang, The transformation of acetylene black into onion-like hollow carbon nanoparticles at 100 °C using iron catalyst. Carbon, 46, 525-530 (2008).
29. L.C. Qin and S. Iijima, Onion-like graphitic particles produced from diamond. Chem. Phys. Lett., 262, 252-258 (1996).
30. V.V. Roddatis, V.L. Kuznetsov, Y.V. Butenko, D.S. Su and R. Schlogl, Onion-like graphitic particles produced from diamond. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 1964-1967 (2002).
31. A.V. Gubarevich, J. Kitamura, S. Usuba, H. Yokoi, Y. Kakudate and O. Odawara, Onion-like carbon deposition by plasma spraying of nanodiamonds. Carbon, 41, 2601-2606 (2003).
32. T. Gorelik, S. Urban, F. Falk, U. Kaiser and U. Glatzel, Carbon onions produced by laser irradiation of amorphous silicon carbide. Chem. Phys. Lett., 373, 642-645 (2003).
33. H.E. Troiani, A. Camacho-Bragado, V. Armendariz, J.L.G. Torresday and M.J. Yacaman, Synthesis of carbon onions by gold nanoparticles and electron irradiation. Chem. Mater., 15, 1029-1031 (2003).
34. G. Radhakrishnan, P.M. Adams and L.S. Bernstein, Plasma characterization and room temperature growth of carbon nanotubes and nano-onions by excimer laser ablation. Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, 7651-7655 (2007).
35. J. Hiraki, H. Mori, E. Taguchi, H. Yasuda, H. Kinoshita and N. Ohmae, Transformation of diamond nanoparticles into onion-like carbon by electron irradiation studied directly inside an ultrahigh-vacuum transmission electron microscope. Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 22310111-22310113 (2005).
36. S. Hu, P. Bai, F. Tian, S. Cao and J. Sun, Hydrophilic carbon onions synthesized by millisecond pulsed laser irradiation. Carbon, 47, 876-883 (2009).
37. J. Du, Z. Liu, Z. Li, B. Han, Z. Sun and Y. Huang, Carbon onions synthesized via thermal reduction of glycerin with magnesium. Mater. Chem. Phys., 93, 178-180 (2005).
38. Y. Yan, H. Yang, F. Zhang, B. Tu and D. Zhao, Low-temperature solution synthesis of carbon nanoparticles, onions and nanoropes by the assembly of aromatic molecules. Carbon, 45, 2209-2216 (2007).
39. X.H. Chen, F.M. Deng, J.X.Wang, H.S.Yang, G.T.Wu, X.B. Zhang, J.C. Peng andW.Z. Li, New method of carbon onion growth by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Chem. Phys. Lett., 336, 201-204 (2001).
40. C. He, N. Zhao, X. Du, C. Shi, J. Ding, J. Li and Y. Li, Low-temperature synthesis of carbon onions by chemical deposition using a nickel catalyst supported on aluminum. Scripta Mater., 54, 689-693 (2006).
41. F. Shoji, Z. Feng, A. Kono and T. Nagai, Spherical carbon particle growth in a methane plasma. Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 171504 (2006).
42. S.S. Hou, D.H. Chung and T.H. Lin, High-yield synthesis of carbon nano-onions in counterflow diffusion flames. Carbon, 47, 938-947 (2009).
43. T. Kobayashi, T. Sekine and H. He,Chem. Mater., Formation of carbon onion from heavily shocked SiC,. Chem. Mater., 15, 2681-2683 (2003).
44. V. Georgakilas, D.M. Guldi, R. Signorini, R. Bozio and M. Prato, Organic functionalization and optical properties of carbon onions. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 14268-14269 (2003).
45. A.S. Rettenbacher, B. Elliott, J.S. Hudson, A. Amirkhanian and L. Echegoyen, Preparation and functionalization of multilayer fullerenes (carbon nano-onions). Chem. Eur. J., 12, 376-387 (2006).
46. A. Palkar, A. Kumbhar, A.J. Athans and L. Echegoyen, Pyridyl-functionalized and water-soluble carbon nano onions: first supramolecular complexes of carbon nano onions. Chem. Mater., 20, 1685-1687 (2008).
47. S. Tomita, M. Fujii and S. Hayashi, Optical extinction properties of carbon onions prepared from diamond nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. B, 66, 245424-1/245424-7 (2002).
48. L. Zhou, C. Gao, D. Zhu, W. Xu, F.F. Chen, A. Palkar, L. Echegoyen and E.S-W. Kong, Facile functionalization of multilayer fullerenes (carbon nano-onions) by nitrene chemistry and 'grafting from' strategy. Chem. Eur. J., 15, 1389-1396 (2009).
49. Y. Liu, R.L Vander Wal and V.N. Khabashesku, Functionalization of carbon nano-onions by direct fluorination. Chem. Mater., 19, 778-786 (2007).
50. A.S. Rettenbacher, M.W. Perpall, L. Echegoyen, J. Hudson and D.W. Smith, Radical addition of a conjugated polymer to multilayer fullerenes (carbon nano-onions). Chem. Mater., 19, 1411-1417 (2007).
51. E.Koudoumas, O.Kokkinaki, M.Konstantaki, S. Couris, S.Korovin, P. Detkov,V. Kuznetsov, S. Pimenov and V. Pustovoi, Onion-like carbon and diamond nanoparticles for optical limiting. Chem. Phys. Lett., 357, 336-340 (2002).
52. N.Keller, N.I. Maksimova,V.V. Roddatis, M. Schur, G. Mestl,Y.V. Butenko,V.L. Kuznetsov and R. Schlogl, The catalytic use of onion-like carbon materials for styrene synthesis by oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, 1885-1888 (2002).
53. T. Cabioc'h, E. Thune, J.P. Riviére, S. Camelio, J.C. Girard, P. Guérin, M. Jaouen, L. Henrard and Ph. Lambin, structure and properties of carbon onion layers deposited onto various substrates. J. Appl. Phys., 91, 1560-1567 (2002).
54. K.W. Street, M. Marchetti, R.L. Vander Wal, and A.J. Tomasek, Evaluation of the tribological behavior of nano-onions in Krytox 143AB. Tribol. Lett., 16, 143-149 (2004).
55. A. Hirata, M. Igarashi and T. Kaito, Study on solid lubricant properties of carbon onions produced by heat treatment of diamond clusters or particles. Tribol. Int., 37, 899-905 (2004).
56. L. Joly-Pottuz N. Matsumoto, H. Kinoshita, B.Vacher, M. Belin, G. Montagnac, J.M. Martin and N. Ohmae, Diamond-derived carbon onions as lubricant additives. Tribol. Int., 41, 69-78 (2008).
57. L. Joly-Pottuz and N. Ohmae, Carbon-based Nanolubricants, in Nanolubricants, Wiley, Great Britain, 2008.
58. L. Joly-Pottuz, B.Vacher, N. Ohmae, J.M. Martin and T. Epicier, Anti-wear and friction reducing mechanisms of carbon nano-onions as lubricant additives. Tribol. Lett., 30, 69-80 (2008).