Dimensions of juvenile psychopathy distinguish bullies, bully-victims, and victims

Psychology of Violence

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 396-409

  Fanti, Kostas A ^a   Kimonis, Eva R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS   (Cyprus)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

bullying; callous unemotional traits; impulsivity; narcissism; person centered analysis; Psychopathy; victimization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885957949     PISSN: 21520828     EISSN: 2152081X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0033951     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL14-18, YSR and TRF profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Andreou, E. (2000). Bully/victim problems and their association with psychological constructs in 8-to 12-year-old Greek school children. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 49-56. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(2000)26:13.0.CO;2-M
4. Andreou, E., Vlachou, A., & Didaskalou, E. (2005). The roles of self-efficacy, peer interactions and attitudes in bully-victim incidents implications for intervention policy-practices. School Psychology International, 26(5), 545-562. doi:10.1177/0143034305060789
5. Ang, R. P., Ong, E. Y. L., Lim, J. C. Y., & Lim, E. W. (2010). From narcissistic exploitativeness to bullying behavior: The mediating role of approval-of-aggression beliefs. Social Development, 19, 721-735. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2009.00557.x
6. Archer, J. (2004). Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings: A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8, 291-322. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.4.291
7. Bagwell, C. L., Molina, B. S., Pelham, W., & Hoza, B. (2001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and problems in peer relations: Predictions from childhood to adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1285-1292. doi:10.1097/00004583- 200111000-00008
8. Barker, E. D., Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Vitaro, F., & Lacourse, E. (2006). Development of male proactive and reactive physical aggression during adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(8), 783-790. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01585.x
9. Barry, T. D., Thompson, A., Barry, C. T., Lochman, J. E., Adler, K., & Hill, K. (2007). The importance of narcissism in predicting proactive and reactive aggression in moderately to highly aggressive children. Aggressive Behavior, 33, 185-197. doi: 10.1002/ab.20198
10. Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-Esteem, narcissism, and aggression does violence result from low self-esteem or from threatened egotism? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 26-29. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00053
11. Caldwell, M., Skeem, J., Salekin, R., & Van Ry-broek, G. (2006). Treatment response of adolescent offenders with psychopathy features: A 2-year follow-up. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33, 571-596. doi:10.1177/ 0093854806288176
12. Carney, A. G., & Merrell, K. W. (2001). Bullying in schools. School Psychology International, 22, 364-382. doi:10.1177/0143034301223011
13. Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 597-600. doi:10.1017/S0954579400007318
14. Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). Saint Louis, MO: Mosby.
15. Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 65-83. doi:10.1037/a0020149
16. Essau, C. A., Sasagawa, S., & Frick, P. J. (2006). Callous-unemotional traits in community sample of adolescents. Assessment, 13, 454-469. doi: 10.1177/1073191106287354
17. Fanti, K. A., Frick, P. J., & Georgiou, S. (2009). Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and non-instrumental forms of aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 285-298. doi:10.1007/s10862-008-9111-3
18. Fossati, A., Borroni, S., Eisenberg, N., & Maffei, C. (2010). Relations of proactive and reactive dimensions of aggression to overt and covert narcissism in nonclinical adolescents. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 21-27. doi:10.1002/ab.20332
19. Frick, P. J. (2004). The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits. Unpublished rating scale.
20. Frick, P. J. (2009). Extending the construct of psychopathy to youth: Implications for understanding, diagnosing, and treating antisocial children and adolescents. The Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal/La Revue de l'Association des psy-chiatres du Canada, 54, 803-812.
21. Frick, P. J., & Hare, R. D. (2001). The antisocial process screening device. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
22. Georgiou, S., & Fanti, K. A. (2010). A transactional model of bullying and victimization. Social Psychology of Education, 13, 295-311. doi:10.1007/s11218-010-9116-0
23. Griffin, R. S., & Gross, A. M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current empirical findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 379-400. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(03)00033-8
24. Hawes, D. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2005). The treatment of conduct problems in children with callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 737-741. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.737
25. Hawker, D. S. J., & Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twenty years' research on peer victimization and psycho-social maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 441-455. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00629
26. Hay, D. F., Payne, A., & Chadwick, A. (2004). Peer relations in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 84-108. doi:10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00308.x
27. Haynie, D. L., Nansel, T., Eitel, P., Davis-Crump, A., Saylor, K., Yu, K., & Simons-Morton, B. (2001). Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of at risk youth. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 29-49. doi:10.1177/0272431601021001002
28. Higgins, G. E., Jennings, W. G., Tewksbury, R., & Gibson, C. L. (2009). Exploring the link between low self-control and violent victimization trajectories in adolescents. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 1070-1084. doi:10.1177/0093854809344046
29. Hodges, E. V., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F., & Bukowski, W. (1999). The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Developmental Psychology, 35, 94-101. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.35. 1.94
30. Hodges, E. V., Malone, M. J., & Perry, D. G. (1997). Individual risk and social risk as interacting determinants of victimization in the peer group. Developmental Psychology, 33, 1032-1039. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.1032
31. Hoza, B. (2007). Peer functioning in children with ADHD. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32, 655-663. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm024
32. Hunt, M. H., Meyers, J., Jarrett, O., & Neel, J. (2005). Student survey of bullying behavior: Preliminary development and results from six elementary schools. Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University Center for School Safety.
33. Jang, K. L., Stein, M. B., Taylor, S., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Livesley, W. J. (2003). Exposure to traumatic events and experiences: Aetiological relationships with personality function. Psychiatry Research, 120, 61-69. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00172-0
34. Kamphaus, R. W., & Frick, P. J. (1996). Clinical assessment of child and adolescent personality and behavior. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
35. Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., Skeem, J., Marsee, M. A., Cruise, K., Munoz, L. C., Aucoin, K. J., & Morris, A. S. (2008). Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: Validation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 31, 241-252. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.04.002
36. Kimonis, E. R., Pardini, D., Pasalich, D., & McMahon, R. (in press). Callous and unemotional specifier for conduct disorder. In G. Gabbard (Ed.), Gabbard's treatments of psychiatric disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
37. Kristensen, S. M., & Smith, P. K. (2003). The use of coping strategies by Danish children classed as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and not involved, in response to different (hypothetical) types of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44, 479-488. doi:10.1046/j.1467-9450.2003. 00369.x
38. Marini, Z. A., Dane, A. V., Bosacki, S. L., & Cura, Y. (2006). Direct and indirect bully-victims: Differential psychosocial risk factors associated with adolescents involved in bullying and victimization. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 551-569. doi:10.1002/ab.20155
39. McDonald, R., Dodson, M., Rosenfield, D., & Jouriles, E. N. (2011). Effects of a parenting intervention on features of psychopathy in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 1013-1023. doi:10.1007/s10802-011- 9512-8
40. McMahon, R. J., Witkiewitz, K., Kotler, J. S., & the Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2010). Predictive validity of callous-unemotional traits measured in early adolescence with respect to multiple antisocial outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 752-763. doi:10.1037/a0020796
41. Mynard, H., & Joseph, S. (1997). Bully victim problems and their association with Eysenck's personality dimensions in 8-to13-year-olds. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 51-54. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1997. tb01226.x
42. O'Brennan, L. M., Bradshaw, C. P., & Sawyer, A. L. (2009). Examining development differences in the social-emotional problems among frequent bullies, victims, and bully/victims. Psychology in the Schools, 46, 100-115. doi:10.1002/pits.20357
43. O'Brien, B. S., & Frick, P. J. (1996). Reward dominance: Associations with anxiety, conduct problems and psychopathy in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 223-240. doi: 10.1007/BF01441486
44. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
45. Olweus, D. (1995). Bullying or peer abuse at school: Facts and interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 196-200. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772640
46. Pakaslahti, L., & Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (2001). Peer-attributed prosocial behavior among aggressive/preferred, aggressive/non-preferred, non-aggressive/preferred and non-aggressive/nonpre-ferred adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 903-916. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00) 00082-9
47. Pardini, D. A., & Byrd, A. L. (2012). Perceptions of aggressive conflicts and others' distress in children with callous-unemotional traits: 'I'll show you who's boss, even if you suffer and I get in trouble. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 283-291. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011. 02487.x
48. Patrick, C. J., Fowles, D. C., & Krueger, R. (2009). Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 913-938. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000492
49. Peeters, M., Cillessen, A. H. N., & Scholte, R. H. J. (2010). Clueless or powerful? Identifying subtypes of bullies in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1041-1052. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9478-9
50. Pellegrini, A. D., & Bartini, M. (2000). A longitudinal study of bullying, victimization, and peer affiliation during the transition from primary to middle school. American Educational Research Journal, 37, 699-725. doi:10.3102/00028312037003699
51. Reijntjes, A., Kamphuis, J. H., Prinzie, P., & Telch, M. J. (2010). Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 244-252. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.07.009
52. Rigby, K. (2002). New perspective on bullying. London, UK: Jessica Kingsley.
53. Roussos, A., Francis, K., Zoubou, V., Kiprianos, S., Prokopiou, A., & Richardson, C. (2001). The standardization of Achenbach's Youth Self-Report in Greece in a national sample of high school students. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 10, 47-53.
54. Roussos, A., Karantanos, G., Richardson, C., Hart-man, C., Karajiannis, D., Kyprianos, H.,.. Zoubou, B. (1999). Achenbach' s Child Behavior Checklist and Teachers' Report form in a normative sample of Greek children 6-12 years old. European Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 8, 165-172. doi:10.1007/s007870050125
55. Sadeh, N., Verona, E., Javdani, S., & Olson, L. (2009). Examining psychopathic tendencies in adolescence from the perspective of personality theory. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 399-407. doi: 10.1002/ab.20316
56. Salmivalli, C., & Nieminen, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 30-44. doi:10.1002/ab.90004
57. Salmon, G., James, A., Cassidy, E. L., & Javal-oyes, M. A. (2000). Bullying a review: Presentations to an adolescent psychiatric service and within a school for emotionally and behav-iourally disturbed children. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 5, 563-579. doi: 10.1177/1359104500005004010
58. Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype-environment effects. Child Development, 424-435.
59. Schwartz, D., Proctor, L. J., & Chien, D. H. (2001). The aggressive victim of bullying: Emotional and behavioral dysregulation as a pathway to victimization by peers. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 147-174). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
60. Solberg, M. E., & Olweus, D. (2003). Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus bully/victim questionnaire. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 239-268. doi:10.1002/ab.10047
61. Solberg, M. E., Olweus, D., & Endresen, I. M. (2007). Bullies and victims at school: Are they the same pupils? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 441-464. doi:10.1348/000709906X105689
62. Stavrinides, P., Paradeisiotou, A., Tziogouros, C., & Lazarou, C. (2010). Prevalence of bullying among Cyprus elementary and high school students. International Journal of Violence and School, 11, 114-128.
63. Sutton, J., & Keogh, E. (2000). Social competition in school: Relationships with bullying, Machiavellianism and personality. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 443-456. doi:10.1348/000709900158227
64. Varjas, K., Meyers, J., & Hunt, M. H. (2006). Student Survey of Bullying Behavior-Revised 2 (SSBB-R2). Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University, Center for Research on School Safety, School Climate and Classroom Management.
65. Viding, E., Simmonds, E., Petrides, K. V., & Fred-erickson, N. (2009). The contribution of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems to bullying in early adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 471-481. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02012.x
66. Wang, J., Iannotti, R., & Nansel, T. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 368-375. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021
67. Washburn, J. J., McMahon, S. D., King, C. A., Reinecke, M. A., & Silver, C. (2004). Narcissistic features in young adolescents: Relations to aggression and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 247-260. doi:10.1023/B: JOYO.0000025323.94929.d9
68. Wolke, D., Woods, S., Stanford, K., & Schulz, H. (2001). Bullying and victimization of primary school children in England and Germany: Prevalence and school factors. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 673-696. doi:10.1348/000712601162419