Life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions analysis for bio-liquid jet fuel from open pond-based micro-algae under China conditions

Energies

Volumn 6, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 4897-4923

  Ou, Xunmin ^a   Yan, Xiaoyu ^b   Zhang, Xu ^a   Zhang, Xiliang ^a  

^a TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Algae; Bio liquid fuel; China; Life cycle analysis

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; BIOGAS; COGENERATION PLANTS; CULTIVATION; EMISSION CONTROL; EXTRACTION; FIGHTER AIRCRAFT; FUELS; GAS EMISSIONS; GAS FUEL ANALYSIS; GREENHOUSE GASES; JET FUEL; LAKES; NITROGEN OXIDES;

CHINA; CO-GENERATION OF HEAT AND POWER; ELECTRICITY GENERATION; ENERGY CONSERVATION AND EMISSION REDUCTIONS; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; MASS BALANCE CONDITIONS; MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS; PETROLEUM CONSUMPTION;

LIFE CYCLE;

EID: 84885463803     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19961073     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/en6094897     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. International Energy Agency (IEA). World Energy Outlook 2011; IEA: Paris, France, 2011.
2. National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistics 2012; China Statistics Press: Beijing, China, 2012.
3. British Petroleum (BP). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012. Available online: http://bp.com/statisticalreview (accessed on 26 November 2012).
4. Wang, Q.Y. China Energy Data 2011 [in Chinese]; China Automotive Energy Research Center (CAERC): Beijing, China, 2011.
5. China Energy Research Society. China Energy Development Report 2013 [in Chinese]; China Electric Power Press: Beijing, China, 2013.
6. China Automotive Energy Research Center (CAERC). China Automotive Energy Outlook 2012 [in Chinese]; Scientific Press: Beijing, China, 2012.
7. Yan, X.; Crookes, R.J. Reduction potentials of energy demand and GHG emissions in China's road transport sector. Energy Policy 2009, 37, 658-668.
8. Yan, X.; Crookes, R.J. Energy demand and emissions from road transportation vehicles in China. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2010, 36, 651-676.
9. Delluchi, M.A. A Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM); Institute of Transportation Studies: Davis, CA, USA, 2003.
10. Wang, M.Q.; Santini, D. Magnitude and value of electric vehicles emissions reduction for six driving cycles in four US cities with varying air quality problems. Transp. Res. Rec. 1993, 1416, 33-42.
11. Delluchi, M.A. A Revised Model of Emissions of GHG from the Use of Transportation Fuels and Electricity; Institute of Transportation Studies: Davis, CA, USA, 1997.
12. Wang, M.Q. Development and Use of GREET 1.6 Fuel-Cycle Model for Transportation Fuels and Vehicle Technologies; Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory: Argonne, IL, USA, 2001.
13. Wang, M.; Wu, Y.; Elgowainy, A. Operating Manual for GREET Version 1.7. Available online: http://greet.anl.gov/publications.html (accessed on 26 November 2012).
14. Wang, M.Q.; Weber, T. Well-to-Wheels Energy Use and GHG Emissions of Advanced Fuel/Vehicles System-North American Analysis; Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory: Argonne, IL, USA, 2001.
15. China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC) and General Motor. Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions of Multi Vehicle Fuel in Future China; CATARC: Beijing, China, 2007.
16. Nguyen, T.L.T.; Gheewala, S.H.; Garivait, S. Full chain energy analysis of fuel EtOH from cane molasses in Thailand. Appl. Energy 2008, 85, 722-734.
17. Yan, X.; Boies, A.M. Quantifying the uncertainties in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for UK wheat ethanol. Environ. Res. Lett. 2013, 8, 015024:1-015024:12.
18. Yan, X.; Tan, D.K.Y.; Inderwildi, O.R.; Smith, J.A.C.; King, D.A. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas analysis for agave-derived bioethanol. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 3110-3121.
19. Shirvani, T.; Yan, X.; Inderwildi, O.R.; Edwards, P.; King, D.A. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas analysis for algae-derived biodiesel. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 3773-3778.
20. Allen, D.T.; Allport, C.; Atkins, K. Framework and Guidance for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Footprints of Aviation Fuels; Air Force Research Laboratory: Wright-Patterson, OH, USA, 2009.
21. Lardon, L.; Helias, A.; Sialve, B.; Stayer, J.; Bernard, O. Life-cycle assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 6475-6481.
22. Clarens, A.F.; Resurreccion, E.P.; White, M.A.; Colosi, L.M. Environmental life cycle comparison of algae to other bioenergy feedstocks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 1813-1819.
23. Campbell, P.K.; Beer, T.; Batten, D. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae in ponds. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102, 50-56.
24. Collet, P.; Hélias, A.; Lardon, L.; Ras, M.; Goy, R.A.; Steyer, J.P. Life-cycle assessment of microalgae culture coupled to biogas production. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102, 207-214.
25. Frank, E.D.; Han, J.; Wang, M.Q. Life-Cycle Analysis of Algal Lipid Fuels with the GREET Model; Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory: Argonne, IL, USA, 2011.
26. National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC). Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2012.
27. Yan, X.; Crookes, R.J. Life cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for road transportation fuels in China. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2009, 13, 2505-2514.
28. Hou, J.; Zhang, P.; Yuan, X.; Zheng, Y. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel from soybean, jatropha and microalgae in China conditions. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 5081-5091.
29. Stratton, R.W.; Wong, H.M.; Hileman, J.I. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Alternative Jet Fuels; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2010.
30. Ou, X.; Zhang, X.; Chang, S. Energy consumption and GHG emissions of six biofuel pathways by LCA in (the) People's Republic of China. Appl. Energy 2009, 86, S197-S208.
31. Ou, X.; Chang, S.; Zhang, X. Alternative fuel buses currently in use in China: Life-cycle fossil energy use, GHG emissions and policy recommendations. Energy Policy 2010, 38, 406-418.
32. Li, X.; Ou, X.; Zhang, X. Life-cycle fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission intensity of dominant secondary energy pathways of China in 2010. Energy 2013, 50, 15-23.
33. Murphy, C.F.; Allen, D.T. Energy-Water Nexus for Mass Cultivation of Algae. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 5861-5868.
34. UOP A Honeywell Company. Green Jet Fuel. Available online: http://www.uop.com/processing-solutions/biofuels/green-jet-fuel/ (accessed on 26 November 2012).
35. Hu, X.; Li, Z.; Fu, X. Liquid Biofuels: From Fossil to Biomass [in Chinese]; Chemical Industry Press: Beijing, China, 2012.
36. China Automotive Energy Research Center (CAERC). Aviation Fuel Life Cycle Analysis in China; CAERC: Beijing, China, 2013.
37. Wang, M.; Lee, H.; Molburg, J. Allocation of energy use in petroleum refineries to petroleum products: Implications for life-cycle energy use and emission inventory of petroleum transportation fuels. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2004, 9, 34-44.
38. Davis, R.; Aden, A.; Pienkos, P.T. Techno-economic analysis of autotrophic microalgae for fuel production. Appl. Energy 2011, 88, 3524-3531.
39. Kadam, K.L. Environmental implications of power generation via coal-microalgae cofiring. Energy 2002, 27, 905-922.
40. Vasudevan, V.; Stratton, R.W.; Pearlson, M.N.; Jersey, G.R.; Beyene, A.G.; Weissman, J.C.; Rubino, M.; Hileman, J.I. Environmental performance of algal biofuel technology options. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 2451-2459.
41. Lundquist, T.J. Realistic Technology and Engineering Assessment of Algae Biofuel Production; Energy Biosciences Institute: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010.
42. Harris, R.W. Process Design and Cost Estimating Algorithms for the Computer Assisted Procedure for Design and Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Systems; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA, 1982.
43. Ren, G.; Guo, J. Chang in pan evaporation and influential factors over China: 1965-2000 [in Chinese]. J. Nat. Resour. 2006, 21, 31-44.
44. Hu, G.; Ou, X.; Zhang, Q.; Karplus, V.J. Analysis on energy-water nexus by Sankey diagram: The case of Beijing. Desalin. Water Treat. 2013, 51, 4183-4193.
45. Mohn, F.H. Experiences and Strategies in the Recovery of Biomass from Mass Cultures of Microalgae. In Algae Biomass; Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 1980; pp. 547-571.
46. Uduman, N.; Qi, Y.; Danquah, M.K.; Forde, G.M.; Hoadley, A. Dewatering of Microalgal Cultures: A Major Bottleneck to Algae-Based Fuels. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2010, 2, 012701:1-012701:15.
47. 2 to Biomass; Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center: Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1996.
48. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Emerging Technologies for Bio Solids Management; EPA: Washington, DC, USA, 2006.
49. Klein-Marcuschamer, D.; Turner, C.; Allen, M.; Gray, P.; Dietzgen, R.G.; Gresshoff, P.M.; Hankamer, B.; Heimann, K.; Scott, P.T.; Stephens, E.; et al. Technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata, and sugarcane. Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefin. 2013, 7, 416-428.
50. Ras, M. Experimental study on a coupled process of production and anaerobic digestion of Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102, 200-206.
51. Petersson, A.; Wellinger, A. Biogas Upgrading Technologies: Developments and Innovations; IEA: Paris, France, 2009.
52. Flesch, T.K.; Raymond, L.; Desjardins, D.W. Fugitive CH4 Emissions from an Agricultural Biodigester. Biomass Bioenergy 2011, 9, 3927-3935.
53. Ou, X.; Zhang, X. Life-Cycle Analysis of Automotive Energy Pathways in China [in Chinese]; Tsinghua University Press: Beijing, China, 2011.
54. Jaramillo, P.; Samaras, C.; Wakeley, H.; Meisterling, K. Greenhouse gas implications of using coal for transportation: Life cycle assessment of coal-to-liquids, plug-in hybrids, and hydrogen pathways. Energy Policy 2009, 37, 2689-2695.
55. Handler, R.M.; Canter, C.E.; Kalnes, T.N.; Lupton, F.S.; Kholiqov, O.; Shonnard, D.R.; Blowers, P. Evaluation of environmental impacts from microalgae cultivation in open-air raceway ponds: Analysis of the prior literature and investigation of wide variance in predicted impacts. Algal Res. 2012, 1, 83-92.
56. Jorquera, O.; Kiperstok, A.; Sales, E.A.; Embiruau, M.; Ghirardi, M.L. Comparative energy life-cycle analyses of microalgal biomass production in open ponds and photobioreactors. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 1406-1413.
57. Sander, K.; Murthy, G.S. Life cycle analysis of algae biodiesel. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2010, 15, 704-714.
58. Stephenson, A.L.; Kazamia, E.; Dennis, J.S. Life-cycle assessment of potential algal biodiesel production in the United Kingdom: A comparison of raceways and air-lift tubular bioreactors. Energy Fuels 2010, 24, 4062-4077.
59. Liu, X.; Clarens, A.F.; Colosi, L.M. Algae biodiesel has potential despite inconclusive results to date. Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 104, 803-806.
60. Cordell, D.; Dragnet, J.-O.; White, S. The Story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2009, 19, 292-305.
61. Vaccari, D.A.; Strigul, N. Extrapolating phosphorus production to estimate resource reserves. Chemosphere 2011, 84, 792-797.