Rapid ecosystem change and polar bear conservation

Conservation Letters

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 368-375

  Derocher, Andrew E ^a   Aars, Jon ^b   Amstrup, Steven C ^c   Cutting, Amy ^c,d   Lunn, Nick J ^e   Molnár, Péter K ^f   Obbard, Martyn E ^g   Stirling, Ian ^a,e   Thiemann, Gregory W ^h   Vongraven, Dag ^b   Wiig, Øystein ⁱ   York, Geoffrey ^j  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b NORWEGIAN POLAR INSTITUTE   (Norway)

^c Polar Bears International   (United States)

^d OREGON ZOO   (United States)

^e ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^f PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g TRENT UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^h YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^j Arctic Species Conservation   (Canada)

more..

Author keywords

Arctic; Climate change; Conservation planning; Management; Polar bear

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885447162     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1755263X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/conl.12009     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Amstrup, S.C., DeWeaver, E.T., Douglas, D.C. et al. (2010) Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss and increase polar bear persistence. Nature, 468, 955-958.
2. Amstrup, S.C., Marcot, B.G. & Douglas, D.C. (2008) A Bayesian network approach to forecasting the 21st century worldwide status of polar bears. Pages 213-268 in E.T. DeWeaver, C.M. Bitz, L.B. Tremblay, editors. Arctic sea ice decline: observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications Geophysical Monograph Series. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
3. Bottrill, M.C. & Pressey, R.L. (2012) The effectiveness and evaluation of conservation planning. Conserv. Lett., 5, 407-420.
4. Brower, C.D., Carpenter, A., Branigan, M.L. et al. (2002) The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: an evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement. Arctic, 55, 362-372.
5. Comiso, J.C., Parkinson, C.L., Gersten, R. & Stock, L. (2008) Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01703. doi: 10.1029/2007GL031972.
6. Derocher, A.E., Andersen, M., Wiig, Ø., Aars, J., Hansen, E. & Biuw, M. (2011) Sea ice and polar bear den ecology at Hopen Island, Svalbard. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 441, 273-279.
7. Durner, G.M., Douglas, D.C., Nielson, R.M. et al. (2009) Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models. Ecol. Monogr., 79, 25-58.
8. Fischbach, A.S., Amstrup, S.C. & Douglas, D.C. (2007) Landward and eastward shift of Alaskan polar bear denning associated with recent sea ice changes. Polar Biol., 30, 1395-1405.
9. Fischer, J. & Lindenmayer, D.B. (2000) An assessment of the published results of animal relocations. Biol. Conserv., 96, 1-11.
10. Harwood, L.A., Smith, T.G. & Auld, J.C. (2012) Fall migration of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) through the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, 2001-02. Arctic, 65, 35-44.
11. Huber, D. (2010) Rehabilitation and reintroduction of captive-reared bears: feasibility and methodology for European brown bears Ursus arctos. Int. Zoo Yearbook, 44, 47-54.
12. Hunter, C.M., Caswell, H., Runge, M.C., Regehr, E.V., Amstrup, S.C. & Stirling, I. (2010) Climate change threatens polar bear populations: a stochastic demographic analysis. Ecology, 91, 2883-2897.
13. IUCN SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (2010) Polar bears: proceedings to the 15th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group. Pages 31-80 in M.E. Obbard, G.W. Thiemann, E. Peacock, T.D. DeBruyn, editors. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
14. Laidre, K.L., Stirling, I., Lowry, L.F., Wiig, Ø., Heide-Jorgensen, M.P. & Ferguson, S.H. (2008) Quantifying the sensitivity of arctic marine mammals to climate-induced habitat change. Ecol. Appl., 18, S97-S125.
15. Maslanik, J., Stroeve, J., Fowler, C. & Emery, W. (2011) Distribution and trends in Arctic sea ice age through spring 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38. doi: 10.1029/2011GL047735.
16. Molnár, P.K., Derocher, A.E., Klanjscek, T. & Lewis, M.A. (2011) Predicting climate change impacts on polar bear litter size. Nat. Commun., 2, 186. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1183.
17. Molnár, P.K., Derocher, A.E., Thiemann, G.W. & Lewis, M.A. (2010) Predicting survival, reproduction and abundance of polar bears under climate change. Biol. Conserv., 143, 1612-1622.
18. Molnár, P.K., Klanjscek, T., Derocher, A.E., Obbard, M.E. & Lewis, M.A. (2009) A body composition model to estimate mammalian energy stores and metabolic rates from body mass and body length, with application to polar bears. J. Exp. Biol., 212, 2313-2323.
19. Peacock, E., Derocher, A.E., Lunn, N.J. & Obbard, M.E. (2010) Polar bear ecology and management in Hudson Bay in the face of climate change. Pages 93-115 in S.H. Ferguson, L.L. Loseto, M.L. Mallory, editors. A little less Arctic: top predators in the world's largest northern inland sea, Hudson Bay. Springer, London.
20. Peacock, E., Derocher, A.E., Thiemann, G.W. & Stirling, I. (2011) Conservation and management of Canada's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in a changing Arctic. Can. J. Zool., 89, 371-385.
21. Prestrud, P. & Stirling, I. (1994) The international polar bear agreement and the current status of polar bear conservation. Aquat. Mamm., 20, 113-124.
22. Ramsay, M.A. & Stirling, I. (1988) Reproductive biology and ecology of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). J. Zool., 214, 601-634.
23. Regehr, E.V., Lunn, N.J., Amstrup, S.C. & Stirling, L. (2007) Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. J. Wildl. Manage., 71, 2673-2683.
24. Rode, K.D., Amstrup, S.C. & Regehr, E.V. (2010) Reduced body size and cub recruitment in polar bears associated with sea ice decline. Ecol. Appl., 20, 768-782.
25. Sahanatien, V. & Derocher, A.E. (2012) Monitoring sea ice habitat fragmentation for polar bear conservation. Anim. Conserv., 15, 397-406.
26. Sakshaug, E. (2004) Primary and secondary production in the Arctic seas. Pages 57-81 in R. Stein, R.W. Macdonald, editors. Organic carbon cycle in the arctic ocean. Springer, New York.
27. Schliebe, S., Rode, K.D., Gleason, J.S. et al. (2008) Effects of sea ice extent and food availability on spatial and temporal distribution of polar bears during the fall open-water period in the Southern Beaufort Sea. Polar Biol., 31, 999-1010.
28. Stenhouse, G.B., Lee, L.J. & Poole, K.G. (1988) Some characteristics of polar bears killed during conflicts with humans in the Northwest Territories, 1976-86. Arctic, 41, 275-278.
29. Stirling, I. & Derocher, A.E. (2012) Effects of climate warming on polar bears: a review of the evidence. Global Change Biol., 18, 2694-2706.
30. Stirling, I., Lunn, N.J. & Iacozza, J. (1999) Long-term trends in the population ecology of polar bears in western Hudson Bay in relation to climatic change. Arctic, 52, 294-306.
31. Stirling, I. & Parkinson, C.L. (2006) Possible effects of climate warming on selected populations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic. Arctic., 59, 261-275.
32. Taylor, M.K., McLoughlin, P.D. & Messier, F. (2008) Sex-selective harvesting of polar bears Ursus maritimus. Wildl. Biol., 14, 52-60.
33. Towns, L., Derocher, A.E., Stirling, I., Lunn, N.J. & Hedman, D. (2009) Spatial and temporal patterns of problem polar bears in Churchill, Manitoba. Polar Biol., 32, 1529-1537.
34. US Fish and Wildlife Service. (2008) 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Special Rule for the Polar Bear. wwfwsgov/policy/library/2008/E8--29675pdf. Accessed January 7, 2013.
35. Vongraven, D. (2009) Guest editorial-the ballyhoo over polar bears. Polar Res., 28, 323-326.
36. Vongraven, D., Aars, J., Amstrup, S. et al. (2012) A circumpolar monitoring framework for polar bears. Ursus Monograph, 5, 1-66.
37. Wolf, C.M., Griffith, B., Reed, C. & Temple, S.A. (1996) Avian and mammalian translocations: update and reanalysis of 1987 survey data. Conserv. Biol., 10, 1142-1154.