Preverbal infants expect members of social groups to act alike

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 110, Issue 41, 2013, Pages

  Powell, Lindsey J ^a   Spelke, Elizabeth S ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Infancy; Social development

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; DANCING; FEMALE; HABITUATION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMITATION; INFANT; MALE; MOTION; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL COGNITION; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

INFANCY; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT;

ATTENTION; BOSTON; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; DISCRIMINATION (PSYCHOLOGY); EYE MOVEMENTS; HUMANS; INFANT; PHOTIC STIMULATION; SOCIAL CONFORMITY; STEREOTYPING;

EID: 84885357326     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304326110     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Boyd R, Richerson PJ (1985) Culture and the Evolutionary Process (The Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago).
2. Henrich J, Boyd R (1998) The evolution of conformist transmission and the emergence of between-group differences. Evol Hum Behav 19(4):215-241.
3. Chartrand TL, Bargh JA (1999) The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction. J Pers Soc Psychol 76(6):893-910.
4. Lakin JL, Chartrand TL, Arkin RM (2008) I am too just like you: Nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion. Psychol Sci 19(8):816-822.
5. Allport GW (1954) The Nature of Prejudice (Addison-Wesley Publishing, Cambridge, MA).
6. Macrae CN, Bodenhausen GV (2000) Social cognition: Thinking categorically about others. Annu Rev Psychol 51:93-120.
7. Aboud FE (1988) Children & Prejudice (Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, MA).
8. Over H, Carpenter M (2012) Putting the social into social learning: Explaining both selectivity and fidelity in children's copying behavior. J Comp Psychol 126(2):182-192.
9. Corriveau KH, Fusaro M, Harris PL (2009) Going with the flow: Preschoolers prefer nondissenters as informants. Psychol Sci 20(3):372-377.
10. Corriveau KH, Harris PL (2010) Preschoolers (sometimes) defer to the majority in making simple perceptual judgments. Dev Psychol 46(2):437-445.
11. Walker MB, Andrade MG (1996) Conformity in the Asch task as a function of age. J Soc Psychol 136(3):367-372.
12. Haun DBM, Tomasello M (2011) Conformity to peer pressure in preschool children. Child Dev 82(6):1759-1767.
13. Kinzler KD, Corriveau KH, Harris PL (2011) Children's selective trust in native-accented speakers. Dev Sci 14(1):106-111.
14. Rakoczy H, Warneken F, Tomasello M (2008) The sources of normativity: Young children's awareness of the normative structure of games. Dev Psychol 44(3):875-881.
15. Schmidt MFH, Rakoczy H, Tomasello M (2012) Young children enforce social norms selectively depending on the violator's group affiliation. Cognition 124(3):325-333.
16. Williams JE, Bennett SM, Best DL (1975) Awareness and expression of sex stereotypes in young children. Dev Psychol 11(5):635-642.
17. Diesendruck G, HaLevi H (2006) The role of language, appearance, and culture in children's social category-based induction. Child Dev 77(3):539-553.
18. Berndt TJ, Heller KA (1986) Gender stereotypes and social inferences: A developmental study. J Pers Soc Psychol 50(5):889-898.
19. Taylor M, Rhodes M, Gelman SA (2009) Boys will be boys; cows will be cows: Children's essentialist reasoning about human and animal development. Child Dev 80(2): 461-481.
20. Yzerbyt V, Rocher S, Schadron G (1997) The Social Psychology of Stereotyping and Group Life, eds Spears R, Oakes PJ, Ellemers N, Haslam SA (Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA), pp 20-50.
21. Asch SE (1956) Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychol Monogr 70(9):1-70.
22. Gelman SA, Taylor MG, Nguyen S (2004) Mother-child conversations about gender: Understanding the acquisition of essentialist beliefs. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 69(1): 1-142.
23. Rhodes M, Leslie SJ, Tworek CM (2012) Cultural transmission of social essentialism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(34):13526-13531.
24. Heyes C (2012) Grist and mills: On the cultural origins of cultural learning. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 367(1599):2181-2191.
25. Quinn PC, Yahr J, Kuhn A, Slater AM, Pascalils O (2002) Representation of the gender of human faces by infants: A preference for female. Perception 31(9):1109-1121.
26. Ramsey JL, Langlois JH, Hoss RA, Rubenstein AJ, Griffin AM (2004) Origins of a stereotype: Categorization of facial attractiveness by 6-month-old infants. Dev Sci 7(2):201-211.
27. Kelly DJ, et al. (2005) Three-month-olds, but not newborns, prefer own-race faces. Dev Sci 8(6):F31-F36.
28. Bar-Haim Y, Ziv T, Lamy D, Hodes RM (2006) Nature and nurture in own-race face processing. Psychol Sci 17(2):159-163.
29. Shutts K, Pemberton CK, Spelke ES (2013) Children's use of social categories in thinking about people and social relationships. J Cogn Dev 14(1):35-62.
30. Campbell DT (1958) Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behav Sci 3(1):14-25.
31. Hamilton DL, Sherman SJ, Lickel B (1998) Intergroup Cognition and Intergroup Behavior, eds Sedikides C, Schopler J, Insko CA (Psychology Press, Mahwah, NJ), pp 47-74.
32. Hirschfeld LA (1996) Race in the Making: Cognition, Culture and the Child's Construction of Human Kinds (MIT, Cambridge, MA).
33. Medin DL, Atran S (2004) The native mind: Biological categorization and reasoning in development and across cultures. Psychol Rev 111(4):960-983.
34. Rhodes M (2012) Naïve theories of social groups. Child Dev 83(6):1900-1916.
35. Hunter MA, Ames EW (1988) A multifactor model of infant preferences for novel and familiar stimuli. Adv Infancy Res 5:69-95.
36. Roder J, Bushnell EW, Sasseville AM (2000) Infants' preferences for familiarity and novelty during the course of visual processing. Infancy 1(4):491-507.
37. Kidd C, Piantadosi ST, Aslin RN (2012) The Goldilocks effect: Human infants allocate attention to visual sequences that are neither too simple nor too complex. PLoS One 7(5):e36399.
38. Kurzban R, Tooby J, Cosmides L (2001) Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(26):15387-15392.
39. Kinzler KD, Dupoux E, Spelke ES (2007) The native language of social cognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(30):12577-12580.
40. Shutts K, Kinzler KD, McKee CB, Spelke ES (2009) Social information guides infants' selection of foods. J Cogn Dev 10(1-2):1-17.
41. Buttelmann D, Zmyj N, Daum M, Carpenter M, Selective imitation of in-group over out-group members in 14-month-olds. Child Dev 84(2):422-428.
42. Meltzoff AN (2011) The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development, ed Goswami U (Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA), 2nd Ed, pp 49-75.
43. Meltzoff AN, Moore MK (1992) Early imitation within a functional framework: The importance of person identity, movement, and development. Infant Behav Dev 15(4): 479-505.
44. Meltzoff AN, Brooks R, Shon AP, Rao RPN (2010) "Social" robots are psychological agents for infants: A test of gaze following. Neural Netw 23(8-9):966-972.
45. Mitchell JP, Heatherton TF, Macrae CN (2002) Distinct neural systems subserve person and object knowledge. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(23):15238-15243.
46. Contreras JM, Banaji MR, Mitchell JP (2012) Dissociable neural correlates of stereotypes and other forms of semantic knowledge. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 7(7): 764-770.
47. Tajfel H (1981) Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK).
48. Olson KR, Dweck CS (2008) A blueprint for social cognitive development. Perspect Psychol Sci 3(3):193-202.
49. Dunham Y, Olson KR (2008) The importance of origins: Why cognitive development is central to a mature understanding of social cognition. Open Psychol J 1:59-65.