Depression is related to an absence of optimistically biased belief updating about future life events

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 579-592

  Korn, C W ^a,b   Sharot, T ^c   Walter, H ^b,d   Heekeren, H R ^a,b   Dolan, R J ^e  

^a FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^b HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Belief updating; bias; depression; information processing; optimism

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANTICIPATION; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; FEMALE; HOPE; HUMAN; IMAGINATION; INTELLIGENCE TEST; LEARNING; LIFE EVENT; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PROBABILITY; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANTICIPATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; FEMALE; HOPE; HUMANS; IMAGINATION; INTELLIGENCE TESTS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PROBABILITY; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SET (PSYCHOLOGY); SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 84885337425     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713001074     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Alloy LB, Ahrens AH (1987). Depression and pessimism for the future: biased use of statistically relevant information in predictions for self versus others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52, 366-378.
2. APA (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, 4th edn, text revision. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC.
3. Armor DA, Taylor SE (2002). When predictions fail: the dilemma of unrealistic optimism. In Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (ed. T. Gilovich, D. W. Griffin and D. Kahneman), pp. 334-438. Cambridge University Press: New York.
4. Beck AT (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy: a 40-year retrospective. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 953-959.
5. Beck AT, Dozois DJA (2011). Cognitive therapy: current status and future directions. Annual Review of Medicine 62, 397-409.
6. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw B, Emery G (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. Guilford Press: New York.
7. Chase HW, Frank MJ, Michael A, Bullmore ET, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW (2010). Approach and avoidance learning in patients with major depression and healthy controls: relation to anhedonia. Psychological Medicine 40, 433-440.
8. Clark L, Chamberlain SR, Sahakian BJ (2009). Neurocognitive mechanisms in depression: implications for treatment. Annual Review of Neuroscience 32, 57-74.
9. Cropley M, MacLeod A (2003). Dysphoria, attributional reasoning and future event probability. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 10, 220-227.
10. Disner SG, Beevers CG, Haigh EAP, Beck AT (2011). Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 12, 467-477.
11. Eil D, Rao JM (2011). The good news-bad news effect: asymmetric processing of objective information about yourself. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 3, 114-138.
12. Elliott R, Baker SC, Rogers RD, O'Leary DA, Paykel ES, Frith CD, Dolan RJ, Sahakian BJ (1997). Prefrontal dysfunction in depressed patients performing a complex planning task: a study using positron emission tomography. Psychological Medicine 27, 931-942.
13. Elliott R, Sahakian BJ, Michael A, Paykel ES, Dolan RJ (1998). Abnormal neural response to feedback on planning and guessing tasks in patients with unipolar depression. Psychological Medicine 28, 559-571.
14. Eshel N, Roiser JP (2010). Reward and punishment processing in depression. Biological Psychiatry 68, 118-124.
15. Gotlib IH, Joormann J (2010). Cognition and depression: current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 6, 285-312.
16. Haaga DAF, Beck AT (1995). Perspectives on depressive realism: implications for cognitive theory of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy 33, 41-48.
17. Hallion LS, Ruscio AM (2011). A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression. Psychological Bulletin 6, 940-958.
18. Hamilton M (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychology 23, 56-62.
19. Haselton MG, Nettle D (2006). The paranoid optimist: an integrative evolutionary model of cognitive biases. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10, 47-66.
20. Hautzinger M, Bailer M, Worall H (1994). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [in German]. Huber: Bern.
21. Huys QJM, Vogelstein JT, Dayan P (2009). Psychiatry: insights into depression through normative decision-making models. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 21 (ed. D Koller, D Schuurmans, Y Bengio and L Bottou), pp. 729-736. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
22. Johnson DDP, Fowler HF (2011). The evolution of overconfidence. Nature 477, 317-320.
23. Korn CW, Prehn K, Park SQ, Walter H, Heekeren HR (2012). Positively biased processing of self-relevant social feedback. Journal of Neuroscience 32, 16832-16844.
24. Leary MR (2007). Motivational and emotional aspects of the self. Annual Review of Psychology 58, 317-344.
25. Mathews A, MacLeod C (2005). Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 1, 167-195.
26. McKay RT, Dennett DC (2009). The evolution of misbelief. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, 493-561.
27. Möbius MM, Niederle M, Niehaus P, Rosenblat TS (2011). Managing self-confidence: theory and experimental evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper No. 17014.
28. Moore MT, Fresco DM (2012). Depressive realism: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review 32, 496-509.
29. Murphy FC, Michael A, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ (2003). Neuropsychological impairment in patients with major depressive disorder: the effects of feedback on task performance. Psychological Medicine 33, 455-467.
30. Peterson C (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist 55, 44-55.
31. Pizzagalli DA, Iosifescu D, Hallett LA, Ratner KG, Fava M (2008). Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: evidence from a probabilistic reward task. Journal of Psychiatric Research 43, 76-87.
32. Pizzagalli DA, Jahn AL, O'Shea JP (2005). Toward an objective characterization of an anhedonic phenotype: a signal-detection approach. Biological Psychiatry 57, 319-327.
33. Puri M, Robinson DT (2007) Optimism and economic choice. Journal of Financial Economics 86, 71-99.
34. Rasmussen HN, Scheier MF, Greenhouse JB (2009). Optimism and physical health: a meta-analytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 37, 239-256.
35. Robinson OJ, Cools R, Carlisi CO, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC (2012). Ventral striatum response during reward and punishment reversal learning in unmedicated major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 196, 152-158.
36. Roiser JP, Elliott R, Sahakian BJ (2012). Cognitive mechanisms of treatment in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 37, 117-136.
37. Scheier MF, Carver CS (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research 16, 201-228.
38. Scheier MF, Carver CS, Bridges MW (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a re-evaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67, 1063-1078.
39. Schmidt K-H, Metzler P (1992). Wortschatztest (WST). Beltz Test GmbH: Weinheim, Germany.
40. Seligman ME (1972). Learned helplessness. Annual Review of Medicine 23, 407-412.
41. Sharot T (2011). The Optimism Bias. Pantheon Books: New York, NY.
42. Sharot T, Guitart-Masip M, Korn CW, Chowdhury R, Dolan RJ (2012a). How dopamine enhances an optimism bias in humans. Current Biology 21, 1477-1481.
43. Sharot T, Kanai R, Marston D, Korn CW, Rees G, Dolan RJ (2012b). Selectively altering belief formation in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 109, 17058-17062.
44. Sharot T, Korn CW, Dolan RJ (2011). How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality. Nature Neuroscience 4, 1475-1479.
45. Sharot T, Riccardi AM, Raio CM, Phelps EA (2007). Neural mechanisms mediating optimism bias. Nature 450, 102-105.
46. Sin NL, Lyubomirsky S (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 65, 467-487.
47. Solberg Nes L, Segerstrom SC (2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: a meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10, 235-251.
48. Steele JD, Kumar P, Ebmeier KP (2007). Blunted response to feedback information in depressive illness. Brain 130, 2367-2374.
49. Steyer R, Schwenkmezger P, Notz P, Eid M (1997). Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire (MDBF) [in German]. Hogrefe: Göttingen, Germany.
50. Strunk DR, Adler AD (2009). Cognitive biases in three prediction tasks: a test of the cognitive model of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy 47, 34-40.
51. Strunk DR, Lopez H, DeRubeis RJ (2006). Depressive symptoms are associated with unrealistic negative predictions of future life events. Behaviour Research and Therapy 44, 861-882.
52. Szpunar K, Addis DR, Schacter DL (2012). Memory for emotional simulations: remembering a rosy future. Psychological Science 23, 24-29.
53. Taylor SE, Brown JD (1988). Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin 103, 193-210.
54. Taylor SE, Brown JD (1994). Positive illusion and well-being revisited: separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin 116, 21-27.
55. Thompson SC, Armstrong W, Thomas C (1998). Illusions of control, underestimations, and accuracy: a control heuristic explanation. Psychological Bulletin 123, 143-161.
56. Tremblay LK, Naranjo CA, Graham SJ, Herrmann N, Mayberg HS, Hevenor S, Busto UE (2005). Functional neuroanatomical substrates of altered reward processing in major depressive disorder revealed by a dopaminergic probe. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 1228-1236.
57. Varki A (2009). Human uniqueness and the denial of death. Nature 460, 684.
58. Walker RW, Skowronski JJ, Thompson CP (2003). Life is pleasant-and memory helps keep it that way! Review of General Psychology 7, 203-210.
59. Weinstein ND (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, 806-820.
60. Weinstein ND, Klein WM (1995). Resistance of personal risk perceptions to debiasing interventions. Health Psychology 14, 132-140.
61. Wiswall M, Zafar B (2013). How do college students respond to public information about earnings? Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Report No. 516.
62. Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Fydrich T (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I: Disorders (SCID-I) [in German]. Hogrefe: Göttingen, Germany.