Role of Vitamin D Receptor Activation in Racial Disparities in Kidney Disease Outcomes

Seminars in Nephrology

Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 416-424

  Essien, Utibe ^a   Goel, Narender ^a   Melamed, Michal L ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Albuminuria; Chronic kidney disease; Mortality; Racial differences; Vitamin D

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; ERGOCALCIFEROL; PLACEBO; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

AFRICAN AMERICAN; APOLIPOPROTEIN L1 GENE; ARTICLE; BONE DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CAUCASIAN; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GENE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; LOW DRUG DOSE; MINERAL DEFICIENCY; NEGRO; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RACE DIFFERENCE; RACISM; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SURVIVAL RATE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;

ALBUMINURIA; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; MORTALITY; RACIAL DIFFERENCES; VITAMIN D;

ALBUMINURIA; BLOOD PRESSURE; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; PARATHYROID HORMONE; RECEPTORS, CALCITRIOL; RENAL DIALYSIS; VITAMIN D;

EID: 84885224296     PISSN: 02709295     EISSN: 15584488     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.07.003     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Rostand S.G., Kirk K.A., Rutsky E.A., Pate B.A. Racial differences in the incidence of treatment for end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med 1982, 306:1276-1279.
2. Melamed M.L., Astor B., Michos E.D., Hostetter T.H., Powe N.R., Muntner P. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, race, and the progression of kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 20:2631-2639.
3. Kalantar-Zadeh K., Miller J.E., Kovesdy C.P., et al. Impact of race on hyperparathyroidism, mineral disarrays, administered vitamin D and survival in hemodialysis patients. J Bone Miner Res 2010, 25:2724-2734.
4. Wolf M., Betancourt J., Chang Y., et al. Impact of activated vitamin D and race on survival among hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 19:1379-1388.
5. USRDS 2011 annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States 2011, United States Renal Data Systems, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
6. Kucirka L.M., Grams M.E., Lessler J., et al. Association of race and age with survival among patients undergoing dialysis. JAMA 2011, 306:620-626.
7. Holick M.F. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007, 357:266-281.
8. Dawson-Hughes B. Racial/ethnic considerations in making recommendations for vitamin D for adult and elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 80:1763S-1766SS.
9. Loomis W.F. Skin-pigment regulation of vitamin-D biosynthesis in man. Science 1967, 157:501-506.
10. Clemens T.L., Adams J.S., Henderson S.L., Holick M.F. Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3. Lancet 1982, 1:74-76.
11. Tareen N., Martins D., Zadshir A., Pan D., Norris K.C. The impact of routine vitamin supplementation on serum levels of 25 (OH) D3 among the general adult population and patients with chronic kidney disease. Ethn Dis 2005, 15:S5-102-6.
12. Jarvis J.K., Miller G.D. Overcoming the barrier of lactose intolerance to reduce health disparities. J Natl Med Assoc 2002, 94:55-66.
13. Scragg R., Camargo C.A. Frequency of leisure-time physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the US population: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 2008, 168:577-586. (discussion 587-91).
14. Yanoff L.B., Parikh S.J., Spitalnik A., et al. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in obese Black Americans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006, 64:523-529.
15. Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., Johnson C.L. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA 2002, 288:1723-1727.
16. Ito N., Fukumoto S., Takeuchi Y., et al. Effect of acute changes of serum phosphate on fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 levels in humans. J Bone Miner Metab 2007, 25:419-422.
17. Antoniucci D.M., Yamashita T., Portale A.A. Dietary phosphorus regulates serum fibroblast growth factor-23 concentrations in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91:3144-3149.
18. Isakova T., Wahl P., Vargas G.S., et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is elevated before parathyroid hormone and phosphate in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2011, 79:1370-1378.
19. Block G.A., Klassen P.S., Lazarus J.M., Ofsthun N., Lowrie E.G., Chertow G.M. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004, 15:2208-2218.
20. Parker B.D., Schurgers L.J., Brandenburg V.M., et al. The associations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein with mortality in coronary artery disease: the Heart and Soul Study. Ann Intern Med 2010, 152:640-648.
21. Isakova T., Xie H., Yang W., et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and risks of mortality and end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. JAMA 2011, 305:2432-2439.
22. Gutierrez O.M., Mannstadt M., Isakova T., et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:584-592.
23. Foley R.N., Parfrey P.S., Sarnak M.J. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:S16-S23.
24. De Boer I.H., Gorodetskaya I., Young B., Hsu C.Y., Chertow G.M. The severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal insufficiency is GFR-dependent, race-dependent, and associated with cardiovascular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002, 13:2762-2769.
25. Kalantar-Zadeh K., Miller J.E., Kovesdy C.P., et al. Impact of race on hyperparathyroidism, mineral disarrays, administered vitamin D mimetic, and survival in hemodialysis patients. J Bone Miner Res 2010, 25:2724-2734.
26. Palmer S.C., McGregor D.O., Craig J.C., Elder G., Macaskill P., Strippoli G.F. Vitamin D compounds for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009, 4:CD005633.
27. Palmer S.C., McGregor D.O., Craig J.C., Elder G., Macaskill P., Strippoli G.F. Vitamin D compounds for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009, 4:CD008175.
28. Kandula P., Dobre M., Schold J.D., Schreiber M.J., Mehrotra R., Navaneethan S.D. Vitamin D supplementation in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011, 6:50-62.
29. Powe N.R., Melamed M.L. Racial disparities in the optimal delivery of chronic kidney disease care. Med Clin North Am 2005, 89:475-488.
30. Hsu C.Y., Lin F., Vittinghoff E., Shlipak M.G. Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003, 14:2902-2907.
31. Klag M.J., Whelton P.K., Randall B.L., Neaton J.D., Brancati F.L., Stamler J. End-stage renal disease in African-American and white men. 16-year MRFIT findings. JAMA 1997, 277:1293-1298.
32. Hoy W.E., Rees M., Kile E., Mathews J.D., Wang Z. A new dimension to the Barker hypothesis: low birthweight and susceptibility to renal disease. Kidney Int 1999, 56:1072-1077.
33. Lipkowitz M.S., Freedman B.I., Langefeld C.D., et al. Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants associate with hypertension-attributed nephropathy and the rate of kidney function decline in African Americans. Kidney Int 2013, 83:114-120.
34. Genovese G., Friedman D.J., Ross M.D., et al. Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans. Science 2010, 329:841-845.
35. Freedman B.I., Murea M. Target organ damage in African American hypertension: role of APOL1. Curr Hypertens Rep 2012, 14:21-28.
36. Kopp J.B., Nelson G.W., Sampath K., et al. APOL1 genetic variants in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011, 22:2129-2137.
37. Guo F., He D., Zhang W., Walton R.G. Trends in prevalence, awareness, management, and control of hypertension among United States adults, 1999 to 2010. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012, 60:599-606.
38. Rostand S.G. Ultraviolet light may contribute to geographic and racial blood pressure differences. Hypertension 1997, 30:150-156.
39. Resnick L.M., Muller F.B., Laragh J.H. Calcium-regulating hormones in essential hypertension. Relation to plasma renin activity and sodium metabolism. Ann Intern Med 1986, 105:649-654.
40. Forman J.P., Williams J.S., Fisher N.D. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in humans. Hypertension 2010, 55:1283-1288.
41. Forman J.P., Giovannucci E., Holmes M.D., et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension. Hypertension 2007, 49:1063-1069.
42. Krause R., Buhring M., Hopfenmuller W., Holick M.F., Sharma A.M. Ultraviolet B and blood pressure. Lancet 1998, 352:709-710.
43. Pfeifer M., Begerow B., Minne H.W., Nachtigall D., Hansen C. Effects of a short-term vitamin D(3) and calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:1633-1637.
44. Sugden J.A., Davies J.I., Witham M.D., Morris A.D., Struthers A.D. Vitamin D improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and low vitamin D levels. Diabet Med 2008, 25:320-325.
45. Margolis K.L., Ray R.M., Van Horn L., et al. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. Hypertension 2008, 52:847-855.
46. Fiscella K., Winters P., Tancredi D., Franks P. Racial disparity in blood pressure: is vitamin D a factor?. J Gen Intern Med 2011, 26:1105-1111.
47. Li Y.C., Kong J., Wei M., Chen Z.F., Liu S.Q., Cao L.P. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:229-238.
48. Migliori M., Giovannini L., Panichi V., et al. Treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 preserves glomerular slit diaphragm-associated protein expression in experimental glomerulonephritis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005, 18:779-790.
49. Schwarz U., Amann K., Orth S.R., Simonaviciene A., Wessels S., Ritz E. Effect of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 on glomerulosclerosis in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Kidney Int 1998, 53:1696-1705.
50. Wan g., Y, Zhou J., Minto A.W., et al. Altered vitamin D metabolism in type II diabetic mouse glomeruli may provide protection from diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2006, 70:882-891.
51. Aschenbrenner J.K., Sollinger H.W., Becker B.N., Hullett D.A. 1,25-(OH(2))D(3) alters the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway in renal tissue. J Surg Res 2001, 100:171-175.
52. de Boer I.H., Ioannou G.N., Kestenbaum B., Brunzell J.D., Weiss N.S. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and albuminuria in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am J Kidney Dis 2007, 50:69-77.
53. Damasiewicz M.J., Magliano D.J., Daly R.M., et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and chronic kidney disease in the AusDiab (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle) study. BMC Nephrol 2012, 13:55.
54. de Boer I.H., Sachs M.C., Cleary P.A., et al. Circulating vitamin D metabolites and kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012, 97:4780-4788.
55. Fiscella K.A., Winters P.C., Ogedegbe G. Vitamin D and racial disparity in albuminuria: NHANES 2001-2006. Am J Hypertens 2011, 24:1114-1120.
56. de Zeeuw D., Agarwal R., Amdahl M., et al. Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010, 376:1543-1551.
57. Fishbane S., Chittineni H., Packman M., Dutka P., Ali N., Durie N. Oral paricalcitol in the treatment of patients with CKD and proteinuria: a randomized trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2009, 54:647-652.
58. Alborzi P., Patel N.A., Peterson C., et al. Paricalcitol reduces albuminuria and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: a randomized double-blind pilot trial. Hypertension 2008, 52:249-255.
59. Agarwal R., Hynson J.E., Hecht T.J., Light R.P., Sinha A.D. Short-term vitamin D receptor activation increases serum creatinine due to increased production with no effect on the glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int 2011, 80:1073-1079.
60. de Boer I.H., Katz R., Chonchol M., et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and change in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011, 6:2141-2149.
61. Ravani P., Malberti F., Tripepi G., et al. Vitamin D levels and patient outcome in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2009, 75:88-95.
62. Xiang W., Kong J., Chen S., et al. Cardiac hypertrophy in vitamin D receptor knockout mice: role of the systemic and cardiac renin-angiotensin systems. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005, 288:E125-E132.
63. O'Connell T.D., Berry J.E., Jarvis A.K., Somerman M.J., Simpson R.U. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulation of cardiac myocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. Am J Physiol 1997, 272:H1751-8.
64. Faul C., Amaral A.P., Oskouei B., et al. FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 2011, 121:4393-4408.
65. Thadhani R., Appelbaum E., Pritchett Y., et al. Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012, 307:674-684.
66. Tamez H., Zoccali C., Packham D., et al. Vitamin D reduces left atrial volume in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease. Am Heart J 2012, 164:902-909. e2.
67. Thadhani R. Activated vitamin D regresses cardiac hypertrophy and attenuates progression to heart failure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 19:F-FC321.
68. Freedman B.I., Wagenknecht L.E., Hairston K.G., et al. Vitamin D, adiposity, and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in African-Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010, 95:1076-1083.
69. Watson K.E., Abrolat M.L., Malone L.L., et al. Active serum vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with coronary calcification. Circulation 1997, 96:1755-1760.
70. Lau W.L., Leaf E.M., Hu M.C., et al. Vitamin D receptor agonists increase klotho and osteopontin while decreasing aortic calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease fed a high phosphate diet. Kidney Int 2012, 82:1261-1270.
71. Dobnig H., Pilz S., Scharnagl H., et al. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:1340-1349.
72. Wang T.J., Pencina M.J., Booth S.L., et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008, 117:503-511.
73. Brondum-Jacobsen P., Benn M., Jensen G.B., Nordestgaard B.G. 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death: population-based study and meta-analyses of 18 and 17 studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012, 32:2794-2802.
74. Wang A.Y., Lam C.W., Sanderson J.E., et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and cardiovascular outcomes in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients: a 3-y prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:1631-1638.
75. Wolf M., Shah A., Gutierrez O., et al. Vitamin D levels and early mortality among incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2007, 72:1004-1013.
76. Thomas A.J., Eberly L.E., Davey Smith G., Neaton J.D., Race/ethnicity Stamler J. income, major risk factors, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Am J Public Health 2005, 95:1417-1423.
77. Reis J.P., Michos E.D., von Muhlen D., Miller E.R. Differences in vitamin D status as a possible contributor to the racial disparity in peripheral arterial disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 88:1469-1477.
78. Fiscella K., Franks P. Vitamin D, race, and cardiovascular mortality: findings from a national US sample. Ann Fam Med 2010, 8:11-18.
79. Michos E.D., Reis J.P., Post W.S., et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with fatal stroke among whites but not blacks: the NHANES-III linked mortality files. Nutrition 2012, 28:367-371.
80. Autier P., Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:1730-1737.
81. LaCroix A.Z., Kotchen J., Anderson G., et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009, 64:559-567.
82. Newsome B.B., McClellan W.M., Coffey C.S., Allison J.J., Kiefe C.I., Warnock D.G. Survival advantage of black patients with kidney disease after acute myocardial infarction. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 1:993-999.
83. USRDS 2006 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease 2006, United States Renal Data Systems.
84. Ross A.C., Manson J.E., Abrams S.A., et al. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011, 96:53-58.
85. Gutierrez O.M., Farwell W.R., Kermah D., Taylor E.N. Racial differences in the relationship between vitamin D, bone mineral density, and parathyroid hormone in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Osteoporos Int 2011, 22:1745-1753.
86. Aloia J.F., Chen D.G., Chen H. The 25(OH)D/PTH threshold in black women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010, 95:5069-5073.
87. Nelson D.A., Jacobsen G., Barondess D.A., Parfitt A.M. Ethnic differences in regional bone density, hip axis length, and lifestyle variables among healthy black and white men. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10:782-787.
88. Barrett-Connor E., Siris E.S., Wehren L.E., et al. Osteoporosis and fracture risk in women of different ethnic groups. J Bone Miner Res 2005, 20:185-194.
89. Cauley J.A., Danielson M.E., Boudreau R., et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and clinical fracture risk in a multiethnic cohort of women: the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). J Bone Miner Res 2011, 26:2378-2388.
90. Aloia J.F., Talwar S.A., Pollack S., Yeh J.A. randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation in African American women. Arch Intern Med 2005, 165:1618-1623.
91. Powe C.E., Ricciardi C., Berg A.H., et al. Vitamin D-binding protein modifies the vitamin D-bone mineral density relationship. J Bone Miner Res 2011, 26:1609-1616.
92. Bhan I., Powe C.E., Berg A.H., et al. Bioavailable vitamin D is more tightly linked to mineral metabolism than total vitamin D in incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2012, ;82:84-89.
93. Jovanovich A., Chonchol M., Cheung A.K., et al. Racial differences in markers of mineral metabolism in advanced chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012, 7:640-647.
94. Cosman F., Morgan D.C., Nieves J.W., et al. Resistance to bone resorbing effects of PTH in black women. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12:958-966.
95. Bryant R.J., Wastney M.E., Martin B.R., et al. Racial differences in bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adolescent females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88:1043-1047.
96. Uhlig K., Berns J.S., Kestenbaum B., et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2009 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Am J Kidney Dis 2010, 55:773-799.
97. Zadshir A., Tareen N., Pan D., Norris K., Martins D. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among US adults: data from the NHANES III. Ethn Dis 2005, 15:S5-97-101.
98. de Boer I.H., Kestenbaum B., Shoben A.B., Michos E.D., Sarnak M.J., Siscovick D.S. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels inversely associate with risk for developing coronary artery calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 20:1805-1812.
99. Cowie C.C., Rust K.F., Byrd-Holt D.D., et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the U.S. population: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetes Care 2006, 29:1263-1268.
100. Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Kit B.K., Ogden C.L. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA 2012, 307:491-497.