메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 368, Issue 1630, 2013, Pages

Hand before foot? Cortical somatotopy suggests manual dexterity is primitive and evolved independently of bipedalism

Author keywords

Electrophysiology; Fingers; Neuroimaging; Somatotopic representation; Toes

Indexed keywords

ANCESTRY; BIPEDALISM; FOSSIL RECORD; HUMAN EVOLUTION; NEUROLOGY; TOOL USE;

EID: 84885192927     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0417     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0000329647 scopus 로고
    • DNA divergence among hominoids
    • (doi:10.2307/ 2409575)
    • Caccone A, Powell JR. 1989 DNA divergence among hominoids. Evolution 43, 925-942. (doi:10.2307/ 2409575)
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 925-942
    • Caccone, A.1    Powell, J.R.2
  • 2
    • 0031049003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny of the hominoids: Inferences from multiple independent DNA sequence data sets
    • (doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025761)
    • Ruvolo M. 1997 Molecular phylogeny of the hominoids: inferences from multiple independent DNA sequence data sets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14, 248-265. (doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025761)
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 248-265
    • Ruvolo, M.1
  • 3
    • 0037830613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited
    • (doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019)
    • Richmond BG, Begun DR, Strait DS. 2001 Origin of human bipedalism: the knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. Suppl. 33, 70-105. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019)
    • (2001) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. Suppl. , vol.33 , pp. 70-105
    • Richmond, B.G.1    Begun, D.R.2    Strait, D.S.3
  • 4
    • 45849118745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580. 2008.00865.x)
    • Tocheri MW, Orr CM, Jacofsky MC, Marzke MW. 2008 The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo. J. Anat. 212, 544-562. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580. 2008.00865.x)
    • (2008) J. Anat. , vol.212 , pp. 544-562
    • Tocheri, M.W.1    Orr, C.M.2    Jacofsky, M.C.3    Marzke, M.W.4
  • 5
    • 77952745183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coevolution of human hands and feet
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00944.x)
    • Rolian C, Lieberman DE, Hallgrimsson B. 2010 The coevolution of human hands and feet. Evolution 64, 1558-1568. (doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00944.x)
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 1558-1568
    • Rolian, C.1    Lieberman, D.E.2    Hallgrimsson, B.3
  • 6
    • 80052609127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australopithecus sediba hand demonstrates mosaic evolution of locomotor and manipulative abilities
    • (doi:10.1126/ science.1202625)
    • Kivell TL, Kibii JM, Churchill SE, Schmid P, Berger LR. 2011 Australopithecus sediba hand demonstrates mosaic evolution of locomotor and manipulative abilities. Science 333, 1411-1417. (doi:10.1126/ science.1202625)
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1411-1417
    • Kivell, T.L.1    Kibii, J.M.2    Churchill, S.E.3    Schmid, P.4    Berger, L.R.5
  • 7
    • 84885217397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tool making, hand morphology and fossil hominins
    • (doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0414)
    • Marzke MW. 2013 Tool making, hand morphology and fossil hominins. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 368, 20120414. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0414)
    • (2013) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.368 , pp. 20120414
    • Marzke, M.W.1
  • 8
    • 0000618228 scopus 로고
    • The riddle of man's ancestry
    • (doi:10.1086/397067)
    • Straus Jr WL. 1949 The riddle of man's ancestry. Quat. Rev. Biol. 24, 200-223. (doi:10.1086/397067)
    • (1949) Quat. Rev. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 200-223
    • Straus Jr., W.L.1
  • 10
    • 70349658844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Careful climbing in the Miocene: The forelimbs of Ardipithecus ramidus and humans are primitive
    • (doi:10.1126/ science.1175827)
    • Lovejoy CO, Simpson SW, White TD, Asfaw B, Suwa G. 2009 Careful climbing in the Miocene: the forelimbs of Ardipithecus ramidus and humans are primitive. Science 326, e7071-e7078. (doi:10.1126/ science.1175827)
    • (2009) Science , vol.326
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1    Simpson, S.W.2    White, T.D.3    Asfaw, B.4    Suwa, G.5
  • 11
    • 70349687238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining prehension and propulsion: The foot of Ardipithecus ramidus
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1175832)
    • Lovejoy CO, Latimer B, Suwa G, Asfaw B, White TD. 2009 Combining prehension and propulsion: the foot of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science 326, 72e71-72e78. (doi:10.1126/science.1175832)
    • (2009) Science , vol.326
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1    Latimer, B.2    Suwa, G.3    Asfaw, B.4    White, T.D.5
  • 12
    • 70349687237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The great divides: Ardipithecus ramidus reveals the postcrania of our last common ancestors with African apes
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1175833)
    • Lovejoy CO, Suwa G, Simpson SW, Matternes JH, White TD. 2009 The great divides: Ardipithecus ramidus reveals the postcrania of our last common ancestors with African apes. Science 326, 100-106. (doi:10.1126/science.1175833)
    • (2009) Science , vol.326 , pp. 100-106
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1    Suwa, G.2    Simpson, S.W.3    Matternes, J.H.4    White, T.D.5
  • 13
    • 70349694225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pelvis and femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: The emergence of upright walking
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1175831)
    • Lovejoy CO, Suwa G, Spurlock L, Asfaw B, White TD. 2009 The pelvis and femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: the emergence of upright walking. Science 326, 71e1-71e6. (doi:10.1126/science.1175831)
    • (2009) Science , vol.326
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1    Suwa, G.2    Spurlock, L.3    Asfaw, B.4    White, T.D.5
  • 15
    • 53349156575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capuchin monkey tool use: Overview and implications
    • (doi:10.1002/evan.20185)
    • Ottoni E, Izar P. 2008 Capuchin monkey tool use: overview and implications. Evol. Anthropol. 17, 171-178. (doi:10.1002/evan.20185)
    • (2008) Evol. Anthropol. , vol.17 , pp. 171-178
    • Ottoni, E.1    Izar, P.2
  • 16
    • 77649260628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and the evolvability of human limbs
    • (doi:10. 1073/pnas.0911856107)
    • Young NM, Wagner GP, Hallgri{dotless}́mssonc B. 2010 Development and the evolvability of human limbs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 3400-3405. (doi:10. 1073/pnas.0911856107)
    • (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 3400-3405
    • Young, N.M.1    Wagner, G.P.2    Hallgrímssonc, B.3
  • 17
    • 45049088576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The magnificent compromise: Cortical field evolution in mammals
    • (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.002)
    • Krubitzer L. 2007 The magnificent compromise: cortical field evolution in mammals. Neuron 56, 201-208. (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.002)
    • (2007) Neuron , vol.56 , pp. 201-208
    • Krubitzer, L.1
  • 18
    • 0001487470 scopus 로고
    • Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in the cerebral cortex of the monkey as indicated by evoked potentials
    • Woolsey CN, Marshall WH, Bard P. 1942 Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in the cerebral cortex of the monkey as indicated by evoked potentials. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 70, 399-411.
    • (1942) Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. , vol.70 , pp. 399-411
    • Woolsey, C.N.1    Marshall, W.H.2    Bard, P.3
  • 20
    • 0034662965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional MRI at 1.5 tesla: A comparison of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal and electrophysiology
    • (doi:10.1073/pnas.170205497)
    • Disbrow EA, Slutsky DA, Roberts TP, Krubitzer LA. 2000 Functional MRI at 1.5 tesla: a comparison of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal and electrophysiology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9718-9723. (doi:10.1073/pnas.170205497)
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 9718-9723
    • Disbrow, E.A.1    Slutsky, D.A.2    Roberts, T.P.3    Krubitzer, L.A.4
  • 21
    • 28044456070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of anesthetics on brain activity and cognitive function
    • (doi:10.1097/01.aco. 0000189879.67092.12)
    • Heinke W, Koelsch S. 2005 The effects of anesthetics on brain activity and cognitive function. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. 18, 625-631. (doi:10.1097/01.aco. 0000189879.67092.12)
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. , vol.18 , pp. 625-631
    • Heinke, W.1    Koelsch, S.2
  • 22
    • 0037194549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of the bloodoxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal
    • (doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1114)
    • Logothetis NK. 2002 The neural basis of the bloodoxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 357, 1003-1037. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1114)
    • (2002) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.357 , pp. 1003-1037
    • Logothetis, N.K.1
  • 23
    • 0031929190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Footedness is a better predictor than is handedness of emotional lateralization
    • (doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00107-3)
    • Elias LJ, Bryden MP, Bulman-Fleming MB. 1998 Footedness is a better predictor than is handedness of emotional lateralization. Neuropsychologia 36, 37-43. (doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00107-3)
    • (1998) Neuropsychologia , vol.36 , pp. 37-43
    • Elias, L.J.1    Bryden, M.P.2    Bulman-Fleming, M.B.3
  • 24
    • 0001798025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysics of tactile perception
    • In, (ed. L Kruger), San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Greenspan JD, Bolanowski SJ. 1996 Psychophysics of tactile perception. In Pain and touch (ed. L Kruger), pp. 25-86. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1996) Pain and touch , pp. 25-86
    • Greenspan, J.D.1    Bolanowski, S.J.2
  • 25
    • 33947168674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration-dependent response of SI to vibrotactile stimulation in squirrel monkey
    • (doi:10.1152/jn. 00513.2006)
    • Simons SB, Chiu J, Favorov OV, Whitsel BL, Tommerdahl M. 2007 Duration-dependent response of SI to vibrotactile stimulation in squirrel monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 97, 2121-2129. (doi:10.1152/jn. 00513.2006)
    • (2007) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.97 , pp. 2121-2129
    • Simons, S.B.1    Chiu, J.2    Favorov, O.V.3    Whitsel, B.L.4    Tommerdahl, M.5
  • 26
    • 0029118783 scopus 로고
    • Retrospective estimation and correction of physiological fluctuation in functional MRI
    • (doi:10.1002/mrm.1910340211)
    • Hu X, Le TH, Parrish T, Erhard P. 1995 Retrospective estimation and correction of physiological fluctuation in functional MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 34, 201-212. (doi:10.1002/mrm.1910340211)
    • (1995) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.34 , pp. 201-212
    • Hu, X.1    Le, T.H.2    Parrish, T.3    Erhard, P.4
  • 27
    • 0020619564 scopus 로고
    • Functional subdivisions representing different finger regions in area 3 of the first somatosensory cortex of the conscious monkey
    • (doi:10.1007/BF00237868)
    • Iwamura Y, Tanaka M, Sakamoto M, Hikosaka O. 1983 Functional subdivisions representing different finger regions in area 3 of the first somatosensory cortex of the conscious monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 51, 315-326. (doi:10.1007/BF00237868)
    • (1983) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.51 , pp. 315-326
    • Iwamura, Y.1    Tanaka, M.2    Sakamoto, M.3    Hikosaka, O.4
  • 28
    • 0018940315 scopus 로고
    • Overlapping representation of fingers in the somatosensory cortex (area 2) of the conscious monkey
    • (doi:10.1016/ 0006-8993(80)91139-7)
    • Iwamura Y, Tanaka M, Hikosaka O. 1980 Overlapping representation of fingers in the somatosensory cortex (area 2) of the conscious monkey. Brain Res. 197, 516-520. (doi:10.1016/ 0006-8993(80)91139-7)
    • (1980) Brain Res. , vol.197 , pp. 516-520
    • Iwamura, Y.1    Tanaka, M.2    Hikosaka, O.3
  • 29
    • 0001183372 scopus 로고
    • The cytoarchitecture of the postcentral gyrus of the monkey Macaca mulatta
    • Powell TP, Mountcastle VB. 1959 The cytoarchitecture of the postcentral gyrus of the monkey Macaca mulatta. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 105, 108-131.
    • (1959) Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. , vol.105 , pp. 108-131
    • Powell, T.P.1    Mountcastle, V.B.2
  • 30
    • 58149197165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digit somatotopy within cortical areas of the postcentral gyrus in humans
    • (doi:10.1093/cercor/ bhm257)
    • Nelson AJ, Chen R. 2008 Digit somatotopy within cortical areas of the postcentral gyrus in humans. Cereb. Cortex 18, 2341-2351. (doi:10.1093/cercor/ bhm257)
    • (2008) Cereb. Cortex , vol.18 , pp. 2341-2351
    • Nelson, A.J.1    Chen, R.2
  • 31
    • 4544360562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cutaneous contribution to adaptive precision grip
    • (doi:10.1016/j. tins.2004.08.006)
    • Witney AG, Wing A, Thonnard JL, Smith AM. 2004 The cutaneous contribution to adaptive precision grip. Trends Neurosci. 27, 637-643. (doi:10.1016/j. tins.2004.08.006)
    • (2004) Trends Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 637-643
    • Witney, A.G.1    Wing, A.2    Thonnard, J.L.3    Smith, A.M.4
  • 32
    • 0029913509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coding of modified body schema during tool use by macaque postcentral neurones
    • (doi:10.1097/00001756-199610020-00010)
    • Iriki A, Tanaka M, Iwamura Y. 1996 Coding of modified body schema during tool use by macaque postcentral neurones. Neuroreport 7, 2325-2330. (doi:10.1097/00001756-199610020-00010)
    • (1996) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 2325-2330
    • Iriki, A.1    Tanaka, M.2    Iwamura, Y.3
  • 33
    • 0000338136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzee and human grips: A new classification with a focus on evolutionary morphology
    • (doi:10.1007/BF02696162)
    • Marzke MW, Wullstein KL. 1996 Chimpanzee and human grips: a new classification with a focus on evolutionary morphology. Int. J. Primatol. 17, 117-139. (doi:10.1007/BF02696162)
    • (1996) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.17 , pp. 117-139
    • Marzke, M.W.1    Wullstein, K.L.2
  • 34
    • 0002656666 scopus 로고
    • Grasping techniques and hand preferences in hominoidea
    • In, (eds H Preuschoft, DJ Chivers), New York, NY: Springer
    • Christel M. 1993 Grasping techniques and hand preferences in hominoidea. In Hands of primates (eds H Preuschoft, DJ Chivers), pp. 91-108. New York, NY: Springer.
    • (1993) Hands of primates , pp. 91-108
    • Christel, M.1
  • 35
    • 70349600329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of grip in Macaca mulatta
    • (doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1909-z)
    • Macfarlane NB, Graziano MS. 2009 Diversity of grip in Macaca mulatta. Exp. Brain Res. 197, 255-268. (doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1909-z)
    • (2009) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.197 , pp. 255-268
    • McFarlane, N.B.1    Graziano, M.S.2
  • 36
    • 26844528323 scopus 로고
    • Note on the organization of the tactile sensory area of the cerebral cortex of the chimpanzee
    • Woolsey CN, Marshall WH, Bard P. 1943 Note on the organization of the tactile sensory area of the cerebral cortex of the chimpanzee. J. Neurophysiol. 6, 287-291.
    • (1943) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.6 , pp. 287-291
    • Woolsey, C.N.1    Marshall, W.H.2    Bard, P.3
  • 38
    • 0000759336 scopus 로고
    • Kinesiological characteristics of primate walking: Its significance in human walking
    • In, (eds N Gomberg, H Preuschoft, ME Morbeck), New York, NY: Urban and Fischer bei Elsevier
    • Kimura T, Okada M, Ishida H. 1979 Kinesiological characteristics of primate walking: its significance in human walking. In Environment, behavior and morphology: dynamic interactions in primates (eds N Gomberg, H Preuschoft, ME Morbeck), pp. 287-311. New York, NY: Urban and Fischer bei Elsevier.
    • (1979) Environment, behavior and morphology: Dynamic interactions in primates , pp. 287-311
    • Kimura, T.1    Okada, M.2    Ishida, H.3
  • 39
    • 0024264975 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms of absolute tactile localization in monkeys
    • (doi:10. 3109/08990228809144640)
    • Vierck Jr CJ, Favorov O, Whitsel BL. 1988 Neural mechanisms of absolute tactile localization in monkeys. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 6, 41-61. (doi:10. 3109/08990228809144640)
    • (1988) Somatosens. Mot. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 41-61
    • Vierck Jr., C.J.1    Favorov, O.2    Whitsel, B.L.3
  • 40
    • 77950822383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief communication: Dynamic plantar pressure distribution during locomotion in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
    • (doi:10.1002/ajpa.21240)
    • Hirasaki E, Higurashi Y, Kumakura H. 2010 Brief communication: dynamic plantar pressure distribution during locomotion in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 142, 149-156. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.21240)
    • (2010) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.142 , pp. 149-156
    • Hirasaki, E.1    Higurashi, Y.2    Kumakura, H.3
  • 41
    • 3042607993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of plantar cutaneous sensation in unperturbed stance
    • (doi:10.1007/ s00221-003-1804-y)
    • Meyer PF, Oddsson LI, De Luca CJ. 2004 The role of plantar cutaneous sensation in unperturbed stance. Exp. Brain Res. 156, 505-512. (doi:10.1007/ s00221-003-1804-y)
    • (2004) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.156 , pp. 505-512
    • Meyer, P.F.1    Oddsson, L.I.2    De Luca, C.J.3
  • 42
    • 0032880722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying a relationship between tactile and vibration sensitivity of the human foot with plantar pressure distributions during gait
    • (doi:10.1016/S0268-0033(99)00020-0)
    • Nurse MA, Nigg BM. 1999 Quantifying a relationship between tactile and vibration sensitivity of the human foot with plantar pressure distributions during gait. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 14, 667-672. (doi:10.1016/S0268-0033(99)00020-0)
    • (1999) Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) , vol.14 , pp. 667-672
    • Nurse, M.A.1    Nigg, B.M.2
  • 43
    • 33745591114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees
    • (doi:10.1038/nature04789)
    • Patterson N, Richter DJ, Gnerre S, Lander ES, Reich D. 2006 Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees. Nature 441, 1103-1108. (doi:10.1038/nature04789)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 1103-1108
    • Patterson, N.1    Richter, D.J.2    Gnerre, S.3    Lander, E.S.4    Reich, D.5
  • 44
    • 84863230553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence
    • (doi:10.1038/nature10842)
    • Scally A et al. 2012 Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence. Nature 483, 169-175. (doi:10.1038/nature10842)
    • (2012) Nature , vol.483 , pp. 169-175
    • Scally, A.1
  • 45
    • 34548190009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new species of great ape from the late Miocene epoch in Ethiopia
    • (doi:10. 1038/nature06113)
    • Suwa G, Kono RT, Katoh S, Asfaw B, Beyene Y. 2007 A new species of great ape from the late Miocene epoch in Ethiopia. Nature 448, 921-924. (doi:10. 1038/nature06113)
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 921-924
    • Suwa, G.1    Kono, R.T.2    Katoh, S.3    Asfaw, B.4    Beyene, Y.5
  • 46
    • 79952158855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dating primate divergences through an integrated analysis of palaeontological and molecular data
    • (doi:10. 1093/sysbio/syq054)
    • Wilkinson RD, Steiper ME, Soligo C, Martin RD, Yang Z, Tavaré S. 2011 Dating primate divergences through an integrated analysis of palaeontological and molecular data. Syst. Biol. 60, 16-31. (doi:10. 1093/sysbio/syq054)
    • (2011) Syst. Biol. , vol.60 , pp. 16-31
    • Wilkinson, R.D.1    Steiper, M.E.2    Soligo, C.3    Martin, R.D.4    Yang, Z.5    Tavaré, S.6
  • 47
    • 84866856766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation times in wild chimpanzees and gorillas suggest earlier divergence times in great ape and human evolution
    • (doi:10.1073/pnas.1211740109)
    • Langergraber KE et al. 2012 Generation times in wild chimpanzees and gorillas suggest earlier divergence times in great ape and human evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 15 716-15 721. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1211740109)
    • (2012) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.109 , pp. 15716-15721
    • Langergraber, K.E.1
  • 48
    • 84876054317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing the demographic history of the human lineage using whole-genome sequences from human and three great apes
    • (doi:10.1093/gbe/evs075)
    • Hara Y, Imanishi T, Satta Y. 2012 Reconstructing the demographic history of the human lineage using whole-genome sequences from human and three great apes. Genome Biol. Evol. 4, 1133-1145. (doi:10.1093/gbe/evs075)
    • (2012) Genome Biol. Evol. , vol.4 , pp. 1133-1145
    • Hara, Y.1    Imanishi, T.2    Satta, Y.3
  • 49
    • 0037062933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geology and palaeontology of the Upper Miocene Toros-Menalla hominid locality, Chad
    • (doi:10.1038/nature00880)
    • Vignaud P et al. 2002 Geology and palaeontology of the Upper Miocene Toros-Menalla hominid locality, Chad. Nature 418, 152-155. (doi:10.1038/nature00880)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 152-155
    • Vignaud, P.1
  • 50
    • 0035198758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya)
    • (doi:10.1016/S0764-4442(00) 01786-9)
    • Senut B, Pickford M, Gommery D, Mein P, Cheboi K, Coppens Y. 2001 First hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 332, 137-144. (doi:10.1016/S0764-4442(00) 01786-9)
    • (2001) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris , vol.332 , pp. 137-144
    • Senut, B.1    Pickford, M.2    Gommery, D.3    Mein, P.4    Cheboi, K.5    Coppens, Y.6
  • 51
    • 1542347684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Miocene teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and early hominid dental evolution
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1092978)
    • Haile-Selassie Y, Suwa G, White TD. 2004 Late Miocene teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and early hominid dental evolution. Science 303, 1503-1505. (doi:10.1126/science.1092978)
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 1503-1505
    • Haile-Selassie, Y.1    Suwa, G.2    White, T.D.3
  • 52
    • 75649105382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying extant species to model our past
    • (doi:10.1126/science.327.5964.410-b)
    • Lovejoy CO, Suwa G, White TD. 2010 Studying extant species to model our past. Science 327, 410-411. (doi:10.1126/science.327.5964.410-b)
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 410-411
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1    Suwa, G.2    White, T.D.3
  • 53
    • 0025333431 scopus 로고
    • Hallucal tarsometatarsal joint in Australopithecus afarensis
    • (doi:10.1002/ ajpa.1330820202)
    • Latimer BM, Lovejoy CO. 1990 Hallucal tarsometatarsal joint in Australopithecus afarensis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 81, 125-133. (doi:10.1002/ ajpa.1330820202)
    • (1990) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.81 , pp. 125-133
    • Latimer, B.M.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2
  • 54
    • 79951480043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete fourth metatarsal and arches in the foot of Australopithecus afarensis
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1201463)
    • Ward CV, Kimbel WH, Johanson DC. 2011 Complete fourth metatarsal and arches in the foot of Australopithecus afarensis. Science 331, 750-753. (doi:10.1126/science.1201463)
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 750-753
    • Ward, C.V.1    Kimbel, W.H.2    Johanson, D.C.3
  • 56
    • 67349226842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible and persistent tool-using strategies in honey-gathering by wild chimpanzees
    • (doi:10.1007/s10764-009-9350-5)
    • Sanz CM, Morgan DB. 2009 Flexible and persistent tool-using strategies in honey-gathering by wild chimpanzees. Int. J. Primatol. 30, 411-427. (doi:10.1007/s10764-009-9350-5)
    • (2009) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.30 , pp. 411-427
    • Sanz, C.M.1    Morgan, D.B.2
  • 57
    • 33846897251 scopus 로고
    • Monkeys opening oysters
    • (doi:10.1038/036053d0)
    • Carpenter A. 1887 Monkeys opening oysters. Nature 36, 53. (doi:10.1038/036053d0)
    • (1887) Nature , vol.36 , pp. 53
    • Carpenter, A.1
  • 58
    • 67650786529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical characteristics and usage patterns of stone axe and pounding hammers used by long-tailed macaques in the Andaman Sea region of Thailand
    • (doi:10.1002/ ajp.20694)
    • Gumert MD, Kluck M, Malaivijitnond S. 2009 The physical characteristics and usage patterns of stone axe and pounding hammers used by long-tailed macaques in the Andaman Sea region of Thailand. Am. J. Primatol. 71, 594-608. (doi:10.1002/ ajp.20694)
    • (2009) Am. J. Primatol. , vol.71 , pp. 594-608
    • Gumert, M.D.1    Kluck, M.2    Malaivijitnond, S.3
  • 59
    • 84867574434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine prey processed with stone tools by Burmese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea) in intertidal habitats
    • (doi:10.1002/ajpa.22143)
    • Gumert MD, Malaivijitnond S. 2012 Marine prey processed with stone tools by Burmese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea) in intertidal habitats. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 149, 447-457. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.22143)
    • (2012) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.149 , pp. 447-457
    • Gumert, M.D.1    Malaivijitnond, S.2
  • 60
    • 84885194996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-tailed macaques select mass of stone tools according to food type
    • 20120413. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0413)
    • Gumert MD, Malaivijitnond S. 2013 Long-tailed macaques select mass of stone tools according to food type. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 368, 20120413. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0413)
    • (2013) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.368
    • Gumert, M.D.1    Malaivijitnond, S.2
  • 61
    • 70349100444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The representation of tool use in humans and monkeys: Common and uniquely human features
    • (doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2040-09.2009)
    • Peeters R, Simone L, Nelissen K, Fabbri-Destro M, Vanduffel W, Rizzolatti G, Orban GA. 2009 The representation of tool use in humans and monkeys: common and uniquely human features. J. Neurosci. 16, 11 523-11 539. (doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2040-09.2009)
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 11523-11539
    • Peeters, R.1    Simone, L.2    Nelissen, K.3    Fabbri-Destro, M.4    Vanduffel, W.5    Rizzolatti, G.6    Orban, G.A.7
  • 62
    • 81555210787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The posterior parietal cortex and non-spatial cognition
    • (doi:10.3410/B1-74)
    • Yamazaki Y, Hashimoto T, Iriki A. 2009 The posterior parietal cortex and non-spatial cognition. Biol. Rep. 1, 74. (doi:10.3410/B1-74)
    • (2009) Biol. Rep. , vol.1 , pp. 74
    • Yamazaki, Y.1    Hashimoto, T.2    Iriki, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.