Liver in cardiopulmonary disease

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 497-512

  Polavarapu, Naveen ^a   Tripathi, Dhiraj ^a  

^a QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy; Diastolic dysfunction; Hepatopulmonary syndrome; Portal hypertension; Portopulmonary hypertension; Pulmonary hypertension

Indexed keywords

AMBRISENTAN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BOSENTAN; ILOPROST; PROSTACYCLIN; SILDENAFIL; TADALAFIL; TREPROSTINIL;

ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; CIRRHOTIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME; HUMAN; HYPOXEMIA; LIVER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG VASCULAR RESISTANCE; LUNG VASOCONSTRICTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PORTOPULMONARY HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; QT PROLONGATION; VASODILATATION;

EID: 84885171532     PISSN: 15216918     EISSN: 15321916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.06.020     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Rodriguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ, Herve P, Fallon MB. Pulmonary-hepatic vascular disorders (PHD). Eur Respir J 2004;24(5): 861-80 (Pubitemid 39504442)
2. Rodriguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ. Hepatopulmonary syndrome - a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(22):2378-87
3. Teuber G, Teupe C, Dietrich CF, Caspary WF, Buhl R, Zeuzem S. Pulmonary dysfunction in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2002;13(5):311-8 (Pubitemid 34812342)
4. De BK, Sen S, Biswas PK, Mandal SK, Das D, Das U, et al. Occurrence of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Budd-Chiari syndrome and the role of venous decompression. Gastroenterology 2002;122(4):897-903 (Pubitemid 34267272)
5. Maganty K, Ghanta R, Bejarano P, Weppler D, Tekin A, Moon J, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome due to noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Transplant Proc 2011;43(7):2814-6
6. Regev A, Yeshurun M, Rodriguez M, Sagie A, Neff GW, Molina EG, et al. Transient hepatopulmonary syndrome in a patient with acute hepatitis A. J Viral Hepat 2001;8(1):83-6 (Pubitemid 32115918)
7. Fuhrmann V, Madl C, Mueller C, Holzinger U, Kitzberger R, Funk GC, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with hypoxic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 2006;131(1):69-75 (Pubitemid 44015748)
8. Schenk P, Fuhrmann V, Madl C, Funk G, Lehr S, Kandel O, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: prevalence and predictive value of various cut offs for arterial oxygenation and their clinical consequences. Gut 2002;51(6):853-9 (Pubitemid 35408608)
9. Moller S, Krag A, Madsen JL, Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F. Pulmonary dysfunction and hepatopulmonary syndrome in cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Liver Int 2009;29(10):1528-37
10. Berthelot P, Walker JG, Sherlock S, Reid L. Arterial changes in the lungs in cirrhosis of the liver-lung spider nevi. N Engl J Med 1966;274(6):291-8
11. Grace JA, Angus PW. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: update on recent advances in pathophysiology, investigation, and treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28(2):213-9
12. Zhang J, Luo B, Tang L, Wang Y, Stockard CR, Kadish I, et al. Pulmonary angiogenesis in a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 2009;136(3):1070-80
13. Zhang J, Yang W, Luo B, Hu B, Maheshwari A, Fallon MB. The role of CX(3)CL1/CX(3)CR1 in pulmonary angiogenesis and intravascular monocyte accumulation in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Hepatol 2012;57(4):752-8
14. Roberts KE, Kawut SM, Krowka MJ, Brown Jr RS, Trotter JF, Shah V, et al. Genetic risk factors for hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology 2010;139(1):130-9
15. Fallon MB, Abrams GA. Pulmonary dysfunction in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2000;32(4 Pt 1):859-65
16. Lima BL, Franca AV, Pazin-Filho A, Araujo WM, Martinez JA, Maciel BC, et al. Frequency, clinical characteristics, and respiratory parameters of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79(1):42-8 (Pubitemid 38018583)
17. Abrams GA, Sanders MK, Fallon MB. Utility of pulse oximetry in the detection of arterial hypoxemia in liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl 2002;8(4):391-6 (Pubitemid 34467375)
18. Krowka MJ, Tajik AJ, Dickson ER, Wiesner RH, Cortese DA. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVD) in liver transplant candidates. Screening by two-dimensional contrast-enhanced echocardiography. Chest 1990;97(5):1165-70 (Pubitemid 20166810)
19. Lenci I, Alvior A, Manzia TM, Toti L, Neuberger J, Steeds R. Saline contrast echocardiography in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome awaiting liver transplantation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22(1):89-94
20. Nishiyama Y, Yamamoto Y, Satoh K, Ohkawa M, Morotomi Y, Tanabe M. Tc-99m MAA perfusion lung scanning in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Clin Nucl Med 1999;24(8):616-7 (Pubitemid 29357430)
21. Abrams GA, Jaffe CC, Hoffer PB, Binder HJ, Fallon MB. Diagnostic utility of contrast echocardiography and lung perfusion scan in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 1995;109(4):1283-8
22. Martinez G, Barbera JA, Navasa M, Roca J, Visa J, Rodriguez-Roisin R. Hepatopulmonary syndrome associated with cardiorespiratory disease. J Hepatol 1999;30(5):882-9 (Pubitemid 29248990)
23. Swanson KL, Wiesner RH, Krowka MJ. Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: impact of liver transplantation. Hepatology 2005;41(5):1122-9 (Pubitemid 40593920)
24. Arguedas MR, Abrams GA, Krowka MJ, Fallon MB. Prospective evaluation of outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation. Hepatology 2003;37(1):192-7 (Pubitemid 36042160)
25. Swanson KL, Wiesner RH, Nyberg SL, Rosen CB, Krowka MJ. Survival in portopulmonary hypertension: Mayo Clinic experience categorized by treatment subgroups. Am J Transplant 2008;8(11):2445-53
26. Fallon MB, Mulligan DC, Gish RG, Krowka MJ. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Liver Transpl 2006;12(12 Suppl. 3):S105-7 (Pubitemid 44911784)
27. Iyer VN, Swanson KL, Cartin-Ceba R, Dierkhising RA, Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: favorable outcomes in the MELD exception era. Hepatology 2013 Jun;57(6):2427-35
28. Gupta S, Castel H, Rao RV, Picard M, Lilly L, Faughnan ME, et al. Improved survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Transplant 2010;10(2):354-63
29. Schenk P, Madl C, Rezaie-Majd S, Lehr S, Muller C. Methylene blue improves the hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med 2000;133(9):701-6
30. Gupta S, Faughnan ME, Lilly L, Hutchison S, Fowler R, Bayoumi AM. Norfloxacin therapy for hepatopulmonary syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8(12):1095-8
31. De BK, Dutta D, Pal SK, Gangopadhyay S, Das BS, Pani A. The role of garlic in hepatopulmonary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Gastroenterol 2010;24(3):183-8
32. Houlihan DD, Holt A, Elliot C, Ferguson JW. Review article: liver transplantation for the pulmonary disorders of portal hypertension. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;37(2):183-94
33. Safdar Z, Bartolome S, Sussman N. Portopulmonary hypertension: an update. Liver Transpl 2012;18(8):881-91
34. Colle IO, Moreau R, Godinho E, Belghiti J, Ettori F, Cohen-Solal A, et al. Diagnosis of portopulmonary hypertension in candidates for liver transplantation: a prospective study. Hepatology 2003;37(2):401-9 (Pubitemid 36152540)
35. Benjaminov FS, Prentice M, Sniderman KW, Siu S, Liu P,Wong F. Portopulmonary hypertension in decompensated cirrhosis with refractory ascites. Gut 2003;52(9):1355-62 (Pubitemid 37026471)
36. Le Pavec J, Souza R, Herve P, Lebrec D, Savale L, Tcherakian C, et al. Portopulmonary hypertension: survival and prognostic factors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178(6):637-43
37. Kawut SM, Krowka MJ, Trotter JF, Roberts KE, Benza RL, Badesch DB, et al. Clinical risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension. Hepatology 2008;48(1):196-203 (Pubitemid 351975544)
38. Lebrec D, Capron JP, Dhumeaux D, Benhamou JP. Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;120(4):849-56 (Pubitemid 10194952)
39. Pietra GG, Edwards WD, Kay JM, Rich S, Kernis J, Schloo B, et al. Histopathology of primary pulmonary hypertension. A qualitative and quantitative study of pulmonary blood vessels from 58 patients in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Registry. Circulation 1989;80(5):1198-206 (Pubitemid 19282508)
40. Panos RJ, Baker SK. Mediators, cytokines, and growth factors in liver-lung interactions. Clin Chest Med 1996;17(1): 151-69
41. Krowka MJ, Miller DP, Barst RJ, Taichman D, Dweik RA, Badesch DB, et al. Portopulmonary hypertension: a report from the US-based REVEAL Registry. Chest 2012;141(4):906-15
42. Mukhtar NA, Fix OK. Portopulmonary hypertension. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011;45(8):703-10
43. Provencher S, Herve P, Jais X, Lebrec D, Humbert M, Simonneau G, et al. Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients with portopulmonary hypertension. Gastroenterology 2006;130(1): 120-6 (Pubitemid 43049842)
44. Krowka MJ, Plevak DJ, Findlay JY, Rosen CB, Wiesner RH, Krom RA. Pulmonary hemodynamics and perioperative cardiopulmonary-related mortality in patients with portopulmonary hypertension undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2000;6(4):443-50 (Pubitemid 30489117)
45. Lee SS. Cardiac abnormalities in liver cirrhosis. West J Med 1989;151(5):530-5 (Pubitemid 19285470)
46. Caramelo C, Fernandez-Munoz D, Santos JC, Blanchart A, Rodriguez-Puyol D, Lopez-Novoa JM, et al. Effect of volume expansion on hemodynamics, capillary permeability and renal function in conscious, cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 1986;6(1): 129-34 (Pubitemid 16137857)
47. Limas CJ, Guiha NH, Lekagul O, Cohn JN. Impaired left ventricular function in alcoholic cirrhosis with ascites. Ineffectiveness of ouabain. Circulation 1974;49(4):754-60
48. Krag A, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH, Moller S. Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut 2010;59(1):105-10
49. Ruiz-del-Arbol L, Monescillo A, Arocena C, Valer P, Gines P, Moreira V, et al. Circulatory function and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005;42(2):439-47 (Pubitemid 41061097)
50. Krag A, Bendtsen F, Mortensen C, Henriksen JH, Moller S. Effects of a single terlipressin administration on cardiac function and perfusion in cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22(9):1085-92
51. Fields NG, Yuan BX, Leenen FH. Sodium-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac sympathetic activity versus volume load. Circ Res 1991;68(3):745-55
52. Moller S, Henriksen JH. Cardiovascular dysfunction in cirrhosis. Pathophysiological evidence of a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36(8):785-94 (Pubitemid 32656551)
53. Wong F, Girgrah N, Graba J, Allidina Y, Liu P, Blendis L. The cardiac response to exercise in cirrhosis. Gut 2001;49(2): 268-75 (Pubitemid 32675122)
54. Merli M, Calicchia A, Ruffa A, Pellicori P, Riggio O, Giusto M, et al. Cardiac dysfunction in cirrhosis is not associated with the severity of liver disease. Eur J Intern Med 2013;24(2):172-6
55. Nazar A, Guevara M, Sitges M, Terra C, Sola E, Guigou C, et al. LEFT ventricular function assessed by echocardiography in cirrhosis: relationship to systemic hemodynamics and renal dysfunction. J Hepatol 2013;58(1):51-7
56. Lotterer E, Wengert A, Fleig WE. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: short-term and long-term effects on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999;29(3):632-9 (Pubitemid 29109572)
57. Rabie RN, Cazzaniga M, Salerno F, Wong F. The use of E/A ratio as a predictor of outcome in cirrhotic patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104(10):2458-66
58. Gerbes AL,Wernze H, Arendt RM, Riedel A, Sauerbruch T, Paumgartner G. Atrial natriuretic factor and renin-aldosterone in volume regulation of patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1989;9(3):417-22 (Pubitemid 19074974)
59. Vinel JP, Denoyel P, Viossat I, Cales P, Caucanas JP, Chabrier PE, et al. Atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity, plasma volume, systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output in patients with cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1989;4(6):529-35 (Pubitemid 20046717)
60. Pateron D, Beyne P, Laperche T, Logeard D, Lefilliatre P, Sogni P, et al. Elevated circulating cardiac troponin I in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999;29(3):640-3 (Pubitemid 29109573)
61. Saner FH, Neumann T, Canbay A, Treckmann JW, Hartmann M, Goerlinger K, et al. High brain-natriuretic peptide level predicts cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant patients. Transpl Int 2011;24(5):425-32
62. Trevisani F, Merli M, Savelli F, Valeriano V, Zambruni A, Riggio O, et al. QT interval in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension and in cirrhotic patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt. J Hepatol 2003;38(4): 461-7 (Pubitemid 36399249)
63. Moller S, Henriksen JH. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. J Hepatol 2010;53(1):179-90
64. Bernardi M, Calandra S, Colantoni A, Trevisani F, Raimondo ML, Sica G, et al. Q-T interval prolongation in cirrhosis: prevalence, relationship with severity, and etiology of the disease and possible pathogenetic factors. Hepatology 1998; 27(1):28-34 (Pubitemid 28041530)
65. Moller S, Iversen JS, Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F. Reduced baroreflex sensitivity in alcoholic cirrhosis: relations to hemodynamics and humoral systems. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;292(6):H2966-72 (Pubitemid 47084548)
66. Mani AR, Montagnese S, Jackson CD, Jenkins CW, Head IM, Stephens RC, et al. Decreased heart rate variability in patients with cirrhosis relates to the presence and degree of hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296(2):G330-8
67. Kim YK, Hwang GS, Shin WJ, Bang JY, Cho SK, Han SM. Effect of propranolol on the relationship between QT interval and vagal modulation of heart rate variability in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011;43(5): 1654-9
68. Zambruni A, Trevisani F, Di Micoli A, Savelli F, Berzigotti A, Bracci E, et al. Effect of chronic beta-blockade on QT interval in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2008;48(3):415-21
69. Serste T, Melot C, Francoz C, Durand F, Rautou PE, Valla D, et al. Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Hepatology 2010;52(3):1017-22
70. Ripoll C, Catalina MV, Yotti R, Olmedilla L, Perez-Pena J, Lo IO, et al. Cardiac dysfunction during liver transplantation: incidence and preoperative predictors. Transplantation 2008;85(12):1766-72
71. Mohamed R, Forsey PR, Davies MK, Neuberger JM. Effect of liver transplantation on QT interval prolongation and autonomic dysfunction in end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 1996;23(5):1128-34 (Pubitemid 26137057)
72. Zamirian M, Tavassoli M, Aghasadeghi K. Corrected QT interval and QT dispersion in cirrhotic patients before and after liver transplantation. Arch Iran Med 2012;15(6):375-7
73. Zhang J, Ling Y, Tang L, Luo B, Pollock DM, Fallon MB. Attenuation of experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome in endothelin B receptor-deficient rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009;296(4):G704-8
74. Rolla G, Brussino L, Colagrande P, Dutto L, Polizzi S, Scappaticci E, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide and oxygenation abnormalities in hepatic cirrhosis. Hepatology 1997;26(4):842-7 (Pubitemid 27413646)
75. Rabiller A, Nunes H, Lebrec D, Tazi KA, Wartski M, Dulmet E, et al. Prevention of gram-negative translocation reduces the severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166(4):514-7
76. Sztrymf B, Rabiller A, Nunes H, Savale L, Lebrec D, Le Pape A, et al. Prevention of hepatopulmonary syndrome and hyperdynamic state by pentoxifylline in cirrhotic rats. Eur Respir J 2004;23(5):752-8 (Pubitemid 38618148)
77. Ling Y, Zhang J, Luo B, Song D, Liu L, Tang L, et al. The role of endothelin-1 and the endothelin B receptor in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome in the rat. Hepatology 2004;39(6):1593-602 (Pubitemid 38702660)
78. Arguedas MR, Drake BB, Kapoor A, Fallon MB. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 2005;128(2):328-33 (Pubitemid 40431086)
79. Zhang J, Ling Y, Luo B, Tang L, Ryter SW, Stockard CR, et al. Analysis of pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 and nitric oxide synthase alterations in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 2003;125(5):1441-51 (Pubitemid 37409764)
80. Simonneau G, Robbins IM, Beghetti M, Channick RN, Delcroix M, Denton CP, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54(Suppl. 1):S43-54
81. Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, McGoon MD, Rich S, Badesch DB, et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 1996;334(5):296-301 (Pubitemid 26033085)
82. Gerbes AL, Remien J, Jungst D, Sauerbruch T, Paumgartner G. Evidence for down-regulation of beta-2-adrenoceptors in cirrhotic patients with severe ascites. Lancet 1986;1(8495):1409-11
83. Lee SS, Marty J, Mantz J, Samain E, Braillon A, Lebrec D. Desensitization of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 1990;12(3 Pt 1):481-5 (Pubitemid 20382015)
84. Ceolotto G, Papparella I, Sticca A, Bova S, Cavalli M, Cargnelli G, et al. An abnormal gene expression of the beta-adrenergic system contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 2008;48(6):1913-23
85. Ma Z, Lee SS, Meddings JB. Effects of altered cardiac membrane fluidity on beta-adrenergic receptor signalling in rats with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. J Hepatol 1997;26(4):904-12 (Pubitemid 27145716)
86. Batkai S, Mukhopadhyay P, Harvey-White J, Kechrid R, Pacher P, Kunos G. Endocannabinoids acting at CB1 receptors mediate the cardiac contractile dysfunction in vivo in cirrhotic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;293(3): H1689-95 (Pubitemid 47367216)
87. Gaskari SA, Liu H, Moezi L, Li Y, Baik SK, Lee SS. Role of endocannabinoids in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in bile duct-ligated rats. Br J Pharmacol 2005;146(3):315-23 (Pubitemid 41486673)
88. Garcia-Estan J, Ortiz MC, Lee SS. Nitric oxide and renal and cardiac dysfunction in cirrhosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2002;102(2): 213-22 (Pubitemid 34185049)
89. Liu H, Ma Z, Lee SS. Contribution of nitric oxide to the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in bile duct-ligated rats. Gastroenterology 2000;118(5):937-44 (Pubitemid 30243757)
90. Tavakoli S, Hajrasouliha AR, Jabehdar-Maralani P, Ebrahimi F, Solhpour A, Sadeghipour H, et al. Reduced susceptibility to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in cirrhotic rats: the roles of nitric oxide and endogenous opioid peptides. J Hepatol 2007;46(3):432-9 (Pubitemid 46185697)
91. Ward CA, Ma Z, Lee SS, Giles WR. Potassium currents in atrial and ventricular myocytes from a rat model of cirrhosis. Am J Phys 1997;273(2 Pt 1):G537-44
92. Glenn TK, Honar H, Liu H, ter Keurs HE, Lee SS. Role of cardiac myofilament proteins titin and collagen in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2011;55(6):1249-55