A qualitative study of the perceived effects of blue lights in washrooms on people who use injection drugs

Harm Reduction Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Crabtree, Alexis ^a,b   Mercer, Gareth ^a   Horan, Robert ^c   Grant, Shannon ^d,e   Tan, Tracy ^e   Buxton, Jane A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b BRITISH COLUMBIA CENTRE FOR DISEASE CONTROL   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^e MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

Fluorescent blue lights; Harm reduction; Injection drug use; Internalized oppression; Public injection

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BLUE LIGHT; CANADA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DRUG USE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HARM REDUCTION; HUMAN; MALE; MORALITY; PERCEPTION; PRIVACY; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; COLOR; ILLUMINATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SANITATION; SHAME; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BRITISH COLUMBIA; COLOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIGHTING; MALE; PERCEPTION; PRIVACY; PUBLIC FACILITIES; SHAME; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS;

EID: 84885012709     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14777517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-22     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. DeBeck K, Small W, Wood E, Li K, Montaner J, Kerr T. Public injecting among a cohort of injecting drug users in Vancouver, Canada. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009, 63(1):81-6. 10.1136/jech.2007.069013, 18628270.
2. Gibson EK, Exner H, Stone R, Lindquist J, Cowen L, Roth EA. A mixed methods approach to delineating and understanding injection practices among clientele of a Victoria, British Columbia needle exchange program. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011, 30(4):360-5. 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00219.x, 21355916.
3. Small W, Kerr T, Charette J, Schechter MT, Spittal PM. Impacts of intensified police activity on injection drug users: evidence from an ethnographic investigation. Int J Drug Policy 2006, 17(2):85-95.
4. Cooper H, Moore L, Gruskin S, Krieger N. The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors' ability to practice harm reduction: a qualitative study. Soc Sci Med 2005, 61(3):673-84. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.030, 15899325.
5. Marshall BD, Kerr T, Qi J, Montaner JS, Wood E. Public injecting and HIV risk behaviour among street-involved youth. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010, 110(3):254-8. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.022, 2905504, 20456875.
6. Small W, Rhodes T, Wood E, Kerr T. Public injection settings in Vancouver: Physical environment, social context and risk. Int J Drug Policy 2007, 18(1):27-36. 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.11.019, 17689341.
7. Briggs D, Rhodes T, Marks D, Kimber J, Holloway G, Jones S. Injecting drug use and unstable housing: scope for structural interventions in harm reduction. Drugs Educ Prev Pol 2009, 16(5):436-50.
8. Bourgois P. The moral economies of homeless heroin addicts: confronting ethnography, HIV risk, and everyday violence in San Francisco shooting encampments. Subst Use Misuse 1998, 33(11):2323-51. 10.3109/10826089809056260, 9758016.
9. Rhodes T, Kimber J, Small W, Fitzgerald J, Kerr T, Hickman M, Holloway G. Public injecting and the need for 'safer environment interventions' in the reduction of drug-related harm. Addiction 2006, 101(10):1384-93. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01556.x, 16968336.
10. Rhodes T, Watts L, Davies S, Martin A, Smith J, Clark D, et al. Risk, shame and the public injector: a qualitative study of drug injecting in South Wales. Soc Sci Med 2007, 65(3):572-85. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.033, 17475383.
11. Tempalski B, McQuie H. Drugscapes and the role of place and space in injection drug use-related HIV risk environments. Int J Drug Policy 2009, 20(1):4-13. 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.02.002, 3615636, 18554896.
12. Masuda JR, Crabtree A. Environmental justice in the therapeutic inner city. Health Place 2010, 16(4):656-65. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.02.003, 20303316.
13. Taylor A, Cusick L, Kinder J, Hickman M, Rhodes T. The social impact of public injecting. Report of the Independent Working Group on Drug Consumption Rooms 2006, York UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
14. Flemen K. Blue light blues: The use of coloured lights as a deterrent to injecting http://www.kfx.org.uk/resources/blue%20light%20blues.pdf.
15. Parkin S, Coomber R. Fluorescent blue lights, injecting drug use and related health risk in public conveniences: findings from a qualitative study of micro-injecting environments. Health Place 2010, 16(4):629-37. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.01.007, 20167527.
16. Rhodes T, Stoneman A, Hope V, Hunt N, Martin A, Judd A. Groin injecting in the context of crack cocaine and homelessness: from 'risk boundary' to 'acceptable risk'?. Int J Drug Policy 2006, 17(3):164-70.
17. Thorne SE. Interpretive description 2008, Walnut Creek CA: Left Coast Press.
18. Wood E, Tyndall MW, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Summary of findings from the evaluation of a pilot medically supervised safer injecting facility. Can Med Assoc J 2006, 175(11):1399-404.
19. Wacquant LJD. Toward a social praxeology: the structure and logic of bourdieu's sociology. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology 1992, 1-59. Chicago, Il: The University of Chicago Press, Bourdieu P, Wacquant LJD.
20. Friedman SR. The political economy of drug-user scapegoating-and the philosophy and politics of resistance. Drugs Educ Prev Pol 1998, 5(1):15-32.
21. Petrar S, Kerr T, Tyndall MW, Zhang R, Montaner JS, Wood E. Injection drug users' perceptions regarding use of a medically supervised safer injecting facility. Addict Behav 2007, 32(5):1088-93. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.07.013, 16930849.
22. Fry CL. Injecting drug user attitudes towards rules for supervised injecting rooms: Implications for uptake. Int J Drug Policy 2002, 13(6):471-6.
23. Small W, Ainsworth L, Wood E, Kerr T. IDU perspectives on the design and operation of North America's first medically supervised injection facility. Subst Use Misuse 2011, 46(5):561-8. 10.3109/10826084.2010.517714, 20874006.
24. Small W, Shoveller J, Moore D, Tyndall M, Wood E, Kerr T. Injection drug users' access to a supervised injection facility in Vancouver, Canada: the influence of operating policies and local drug culture. Qual Health Res 2011, 21(6):743-56. 10.1177/1049732311400919, 21378259.
25. Carruthers S. The organization of a community: community-based prevention of injecting drug use-related health problems. Subst Use Misuse 2007, 42(12-13):1971-7.
26. Crofts N, Herkt D. A history of peer-based drug-user groups in Australia. J Drug Issues 1995, 25(3):599-616.
27. Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC, Sotheran JL, Garber J, Cohen H, Smith D. AIDS and self-organization among intravenous drug users. Int J Addict 1987, 22(3):201-19.
28. Friedman SR, De Jong W, Rossi D, Touzé G, Rockwell R, Des Jarlais DC, Elovich R. Harm reduction theory: users' culture, micro-social indigenous harm reduction, and the self-organization and outside-organizing of users' groups. Int J Drug Policy 2007, 18(2):107-17. 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.11.006, 1945155, 17689353.
29. Jose B, Friedman SR, Neaigus A, Curtis R, Sufian M, Stepherson B, Des Jarlais DC. Collective organising of injecting drug users and the struggle against AIDS. AIDS, Drugs and Prevention: Perspectives on Individual and Community Action 1996, 216-33. London: GBR: Routledge, Rhodes T, Hartnoll R.
30. Kerr T, Douglas D, Peeace W, Pierre A, Wood E. Responding to an emergency: Education, advocacy, and community care by a peer-driven organization of drug users: A case study of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU) 2001, Ottawa, ON: Health Canada Hepatitis C Prevention, Support, and Research Program.
31. Southwell M. People who use drugs and their role in harm reduction. Harm Reduction: Evidence, Impacts and Challenges 2010, 101-4. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
32. Curtis M. Drug user community organizing in harm reduction and the war on drugs. War on Drugs, HIV/AIDS, and Human Rights 2004, 284-304. New York: International Debate Education Association, Malinowska-Sempruch K, Elovich R.
33. Kerr T, Small W, Peeace W, Douglas D, Pierre A, Wood E. Harm reduction by a " user-run" organization: a case study of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU). Int J Drug Policy 2006, 17(2):61-9.
34. Henman AR, Paone D, Des Jarlais DC, Kochems LM, Friedman SR. Injection drug users as social actors: a stigmatized community's participation in the syringe exchange programmes of New York City. AIDS Care 1998, 10(4):397-408. 10.1080/09540129850123939, 9828960.
35. Moore LD, Wenger LD. The social context of needle exchange and user-self-organization in San Francisco: possibilities and pitfalls. J Drug Issues 1995, 25(3):583-98.
36. Jauffret-Roustide M. Self-support for drug users in the context of harm reduction policy: a lay expertise defined by drug users' life skills and citizenship. Health Sociol Rev 2009, 18(2):159-72.
37. Kravetz D. Consciousness-Raising groups in the 1970's. Psychol Women Quart 1978, 3(2):168-86.
38. Sowards SK, Renegar VR. The rhetorical functions of consciousness-raising in third wave feminism. Commun Stud 2004, 55(4):535-52.