Growing water scarcity in agriculture: Future challenge to global water security

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Volumn 371, Issue 2002, 2013, Pages

  Falkenmark, Malin ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM RESILIENCE CENTRE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Blue water; Global food supply; Green water; Planetary freshwater boundary; Water crowding; Water scarcity

Indexed keywords

FOOD SUPPLY; WATER SUPPLY;

BLUE WATER; CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT; GREEN WATER; PLANETARY FRESHWATER BOUNDARY; SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS; WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM; WATER SCARCITY;

WATER CONSERVATION;

EID: 84885011499     PISSN: 1364503X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0410     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Grey D, Garrick D, Blackmore D, Kelman J, Muller M, Sadoff C. 2013 Water security in one blue planet: twenty-first century policy challenges for science. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 371, 20120406. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0406)
2. Allan JA. 2010 Prioritizing the processes beyond the water sector that will secure water for society-farmers, fair international trade and food consumption and waste. In Rethinking water and food security. Fourth Botín Foundation Water Workshop, pp. 93-106. Leyden, The Netherlands: CRC Press.
3. Rio+20. 2012 Water security for a planet under pressure. Transition to sustainability: interconnected challenges and solutions. Rio+20 Policy Brief no. 1. Planet under Pressure, 20-29 March 2012, London.
4. Rockstrom J et al. 2009 Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecol. Soc. 14, 32.
5. Falkenmark M, Rockström J. 2008 Building resilience to drought in desertification-prone savannas in Sub-Saharan Africa: the water perspective. Nat. Resour. Forum 32, 93-102. (doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00177.x)
6. Falkenmark M. 1995 Land-water linkages-a synopsis. Land and water integration and river basin management, pp. 15-16. Rome: FAO Land and Water Bulletin.
7. WWF. 2011 Assssing water risk. A practical approach for financial institutions. WWF Report D 2011, World Wildlife Fund and DEG KFW Bankengruppe, Berlin, Germany.
8. Ripl W. 2003 Water: the bloodstream of the biosphere. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 358, 1921-1934. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1378)
9. Kummu M, Varis O. 2011 A world by latitudes: a global analysis of human population, development level and environment across the north-south axis over the past half-century. Appl. Geogr. 31, 495-507. (doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.10. 009)
10. Key PW, van der Ent RJ, Gordon LJ, Hoff H, Nikoli R, Savenije HG. 2012 Biogeosciences 9, 733-746. (doi:10.5194/bg-9-733-2012)
11. FalkenmarkM. 2013Water security-the multiform water scarcity. InWater security: principles, perspectives and practices (eds BA Lankford, K Bakker, M Zeitoun, D Conway). London, UK: Earthscan Publications.
12. Liu J, Yang H. 2010 Global agricultural green and blue water consumptive uses and virtual water trade. In Rethinking water and food security. Fourth Botin Foundation Water Workshop, pp. 23-32. Leyden, The Netherlands: CRC Press.
13. SIWI. 2007 On the verge of a new water scarcity: a call for good governance and human ingenuity. SIWI Policy Briefs. Stockholm: SIWI.
14. Lundqvist J, FalkenmarkM. 2010 Adaptation to rainfall variability and unpredictability. Water Resour. Dev. 26, 595-612. (doi:10.1080/07900627.2010. 519488)
15. Molden D et al. 2007 Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. London, UK: Earthscan.
16. Chahed J, Besbes M, Handame A. 2010 Water scarcity and food security: a global assessment of water potentiality in Tunisia. In Rethinking water and food security, pp. 33-52. Fourth Botín FoundationWater Workshop. Layden, The Netherlands: CRC Press.
17. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and human wellbeing: a framework for assessment.Washington, DC: Island Press.
18. Bahri A, Sally H, McCarteny M, Namara R, Awulachev SB, von Kppen B, van Rooijen D. 2011 Integrated water shed management: towards sustainable solutions in Africa. In Water for food in a changing world (eds A Garrido, H Ingram). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
19. Falkenmark M, Rockström J. 2004 Balancing water for humans and nature: the new approach in ecohydrology, p. 247. London, UK: Earthscan.
20. Barron J, Enfors E, Cambridge H, Moustapha AM. 2010 Coping with rainfall variability: dryspell mitigation and implication on landscape water balances in small-scale farming systems in semi-arid Niger. Water Resour. Dev. 26, 543-559. (doi:10.1080/07900627.2010. 519519)
21. Rockström J. 2003Water for food and nature in drought prone tropics: vapour shift in rainfed agriculture. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 358, 1997-2010. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1400)
22. Rockström J, FalkenmarkM. 2000 Semi-arid crop production from a hydrological perspective. Gap between potential and actual yields. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 19, 319-346.
23. Rockström J. 1997 On-farm agrohydrological analysis of the Sahelian yield crisis. PhD dissertation, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
24. Rockström J, LannerstadM, FalkenmarkM. 2007 Assessing the water challenge of a new green revolution in developing countries. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 6253-6260. (doi:10.1073/ pnas.0605739104)
25. Pale M et al. 2011 Assessment of wheat yield gap in the Mediterranean: case studies from Morocco, Syria, and Turkey. Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, ICARDA, Syria.
26. Falkenmark M, Molden D. 2008 Wake up to realities of river basin closure. Water Resour. Dev. 24, 201-215. (doi:10.1080/07900620701723570)
27. Loucks DP. 2011 Optimizing water for life. InWater for food in a changing world (eds A Garrido, H Ingram), pp. 171-196. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
28. Falkenmark M, Lindh G. 1976 Water for a starving world. Boulder, CO:Westview Press.
29. Falkenmark M. 1986 Fresh water-time for a modified approach. Ambio 15, 192-200.
30. Kummu M,Ward PJ, de Moel H, Varis O. 2010 Is physical water scarcity a new phenomenon? Global assessment of water shortage over the last two millennia. Environ. Res. Lett. 5, 034006. (doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034006)
31. UN (CSD). 1997 Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World. Economic and Social Council, fifth session, 5-25 April. E/CN.171997/9/. New York, NY: United Nations.
32. Falkenmark M. 1997 Meeting water requirements of an expanding world population. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 352, 929-936. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1997. 0072)
33. Xia J, Qiu B, Li Y. 2012 Water resources vulnerability and adaptive management in the Huang, Huai, and Hai river basins of China. Water Int. 37, 523-536. (doi:10.1080/02508060. 2012.724649)
34. Smakhtin V. 2008 Basin closure and environmental flow requirements. Int. J.Water Resour. Dev. 24, 227-233. (doi:10.1080/07900620701723729)
35. Falkenmark M. 2003 Water management and ecosystems. Living with change. TAC, Report No. 9. GlobalWater Partnership, Stockholm.
36. Seckler D. 1996 The new era of water resource management: from 'dry' to 'wet' water savings. IWMI Research Report 001. IIMI Research, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
37. Molden D, Sakthivadivel R, Samad M, BurtonM. 2005 Phases of river basin development: the need for adaptive institutions. In Irrigation and river basin management: options for governance and institutions (ed. M Svendsen), pp. 19-29.Wallingford, Colombo: CABI, IWMI.
38. Molle F,Wester P, Hirsch P. 2007 River basin development and management. In Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture (eds. D Molden et al.). London, UK: Earthscan.
39. FAO. 2011 The state of the world's land and water resources for food and agriculture. Managing systems at risk. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization.
40. Lundqvist J, Gleick P. 1997 Sustaining Our Waters into the 21st Century. Stockholm Environment Institute. Stockholm. Background document to the Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of theWorld report. (WMO, 1997).
41. FalkenmarkM, Xia J. 2012 Urban water supply under expanding water scarcity. InWastewater treatment: source separation and decentralization (eds TA Larsen, KM Udert, J Lienert). London, UK: IWA Press.
42. Xia J, Zhang L, Liu C, Yu J. 2007 Towards better water security in North China. Water Resour. Manag. 21, 233-247. (doi:10.1007/s11269-006-9051-1)
43. Varis O, Kummu M. 2012 Themajor Central Asian river basins: an assessment of vulnerability. Water Resour. Dev. 28, 433-452. (doi:10.1080/07900627.2012. 684309)
44. Grey D, Sadoff C. 2007 Sink or swim? Water security for growth and development. Water Policy 9, 545-571. (doi:10.2166/wp.2007.021)
45. Falkenmark M, Lannerstad M. 2010 Food security in water short countries-coping with carrying capacity overshoot. In Rethinking water and food security (eds LMartinez-Corina et al.), pp. 3-22. Fourth Botín FoundationWater Workshop. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
46. Rockström J, Karlberg L, Falkenmark M. 2010 Global food production in a water-constrained world: exploring green and blue challenges and solutions. In Water resources planning and management (eds Q Grafton, K Hussey). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
47. LannerstadM. 2009Water realities and development trajectories: global and local agricultural production dynamics. PhD thesis, University of Linköping, Sweden.
48. Rockström J, Gordon L, Folke C, Falkenmark M, Engwall M. 1999 Linkages among water vapor flows, food production, and terrestrial ecosystem services. Conserv. Ecol. 3, 5.
49. Rockström J, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Hoff H, Rost S, Gerten D. 2009 Future water availability for global food production: the potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change. Water Resour. Res. 45, W00A12. (doi:10.1029/2007WR006767)
50. Sagardoy J, Varela-Ortega C. 2010 Present and future roles of water and food trade in achieving food security, reducing poverty and water use. In Rethinking water and food security, pp. 109-143. Fourth Botin FoundationWaterWorkshop. Leyden, The Netherlands: CRC Press.
51. Dadson S, Acreman M, Harding R. 2013 Water security, global change and land-atmosphere feedbacks. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 371, 20120412. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0412)
52. L'vovich MI, White GF. 1990 Use and transformations of terrestrial water systems. In The Earth as transformed by human action: global and regional changes in the biosphere over the past 300 years (ed. BL Turner II). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
53. Gordon LJ, Steffen W, Jönsson BF, Folke C, Falkenmark M, Johannessen A. 2005 Human modification of global water vapor flows from the land surface. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 7612-7617. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0500208102)
54. Rockström J, FalkenmarkM, LannerstadM, Karlberg L. 2012 The planetary water drama: dual task of feeding humanity and curbing climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett.
55. de Fraiture C et al. 2007 Looking ahead to 2050: scenarios of alternative investment approaches. In Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture (ed D Molden), pp. 91-148. London, UK: Earthscan.
56. Postel SL. 1998Water for food production: will there be enough in 2025? BioScience 48, 629-637. (doi:10.2307/1313422)
57. Shiklomanov IA, Rodda JC. 2004 World water resources at the beginning of the 21st century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 58. FAO. 2008.
58. Zeitoun M. In press. The global web of national water security. Glob. Policy. (doi:10.1111/ J.1758-5899.2011.00097.x)
59. Ruane J, Sonnino A, Steduto P, Deane C. 2008 Coping with water scarcity: what role for biotechnologies? Rome: Food and Agricultural Organiztion.