The major Central Asian river basins: An assessment of vulnerability

International Journal of Water Resources Development

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 433-452

  Varis, Olli ^a   Kummu, Matti ^a  

^a AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASIAN RIVERS; CENTRAL ASIA; GEO-SPATIAL; HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM; RIVER BASINS; SOCIAL ISSUES; STRESS FACTORS; WATER SCARCITY;

ECONOMICS;

WATERSHEDS;

RESOURCE SCARCITY; RIVER BASIN; VULNERABILITY; WATER SUPPLY;

CENTRAL ASIA;

EID: 84863690961     PISSN: 07900627     EISSN: 13600648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2012.684309     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Agency of Statistics under President of the Republic of Tajikistan (N.d.) (Dushanbe: Agency of Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan). Available at http://www.stat.tj/en/macroeconomic-indicators/ (accessed 10 May 2012).
2. Alkire, S. & Santos, M. E. (2010) Acute Multidimensional Poverty: A New Index for Developing Countries. Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative, Working Paper No. 38 (Oxford: Oxford University).
3. Asia Society (2009) Asia's Next Challenge: Securing the Region's Water Future (Hong Kong: Asia Society).
4. Asian Development Bank (2007) Asian Water Development Outlook (Manila: Asian Development Bank).
5. Azimi, A. & McCauley, D. (2002) Afghanistan's Environment in Transition (Manila: Asian Development Bank).
6. Babel, M. S. & Wahid, S. M. (2008) Freshwater under threat: South Asia, Vulnerability Assessment of Freshwater Resources to Environmental Change (Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Programme).
7. Babel, M. S. & Wahid, S. M. (2009) Freshwater under threat: South East Asia, Vulnerability Assessment of Freshwater Resources to Environmental Change (Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Programme).
8. Bershad, C., Romanazov, A. & Manakov, C. (2010) 2010: [Kazakhstan 2010: The leaders and outsiders], Kursiv.kz, 24 December. Available at http://www.kursiv.kz/1195206620-kazaxstan-2010-lidery-i-autsajderyhtml.
9. Biswas, A. K. (1970) History of Hydrology (Amsterdam: North-Holland).
10. Biswas, A. K. (2005) Integrated water resources management: a reassessment, in: A. K. Biswas, O. Varis & C. Tortajada (Eds) Integrated Water Resources Management in South and South-East Asia, pp. 319-336 (New Delhi: Oxford University Press).
11. CIFP (2007) Country Indicators for Foreign Policy (Toronto: Carleton University).
12. de Mora, S., Sheikholeslami, M. R., Wyse, E., Azemard, S. & Cassi, R. (2004) An assessment of metal contamination in coastal sediments of the Caspian Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, pp. 61-77.
13. Dilley, M., Chen, R. S., Deichmann, U., Lerner-Lam, A. L., Arnold, M., Agwe, J., Buys, P., Kjekstad, O., Lyon, B. & Yetman, G. (2005) Natural disaster hotspots: a global risk analysis, Disaster Risk Management Series, Issue No. 5 (Washington, DC: World Bank).
14. Duke, D. F. (2006) Seizing favours from nature: the rise and fall of Siberian river diversion, in: T. Tvedt & E. Jakobsson (Eds) A History of Water: Water Control and River Biographies, pp. 3-34 (London: Tauris).
15. Dukhovny, V. A. & de Schutter, J. (2011) Water in Central Asia: Past, Present and Future (Oxford: CRC).
16. Dürr, H., Laruelle, G. G., van Kempen, C. M., Slomp, C. P., Meybeck, M. & Middelkoop, H. (2011) Worldwide typology of nearshore coastal systems: defining the estuarine filter of river inputs to the oceans, Estuaries and Coasts, 34, pp. 441-458.
17. EIU (2011) Views Wire: Business Intelligence on 203 Countries (New York: Economist Intelligence Unit).
18. Falkenmark, M. & Molden, D. (2008) Wake up to realities of river basin closure, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 24, pp. 201-215.
19. Global-RIMS (2007) A Global Rapid Indicator Mapping System for Water Cycle and Water Resource Assessment (Global-RIMS), Water Systems Analysis Group, University of New Hampshire.
20. Government of Balochistan (2008) Pakistan: Balochistan Economic Report 2008. Vol. 2: Full Report (Gwadar: The Government of Balochistan, The World Bank and Asian Development Bank).
21. Grübler, A., O'Neill, B., Riahi, K., Chirkov, V., Goujon, A., Kolp, P., Prommer, I., Scherbov, S. & Slentoe, E. (2007) Regional, national, and spatially explicit scenarios of demographic and economic change based on SRES, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74, pp. 980-1029.
22. GRUMP (2004) Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP): Urban/Rural Population Grids (Palisades, NY: CIESIN, Columbia University), Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/ (accessed 18 March 2008).
23. GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008a) Map 7: Water stress (v. 1.0) (Bonn: Center for Development Research, University of Bonn).
24. GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008b) Map 38: Mean annual surface runoff 1950-2000 (v. 1.0) (Bonn: Center for Development Research, University of Bonn).
25. Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas, International Journal of Climatology, 25, pp. 1965-1978.
26. Huang, Y., Cai, M., Zhang, D. & Cai, J. (2008) Freshwater under threat: Northeast Asia, Vulnerability Assessment of Freshwater Resources to Environmental Change (Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Programme).
27. Kobori, I. & Glanz, M. (Eds) (1998) Central Eurasian Water Crisis: Caspian, Aran and Dead Seas (Tokyo: United Nations University Press).
28. Kummu, M. & Varis, O. (2011) The world by latitudes: a global analysis of human population, development level and environment across the north-south axis over the past half century, Applied Geography, 31, pp. 495-507.
29. Kummu, M., Ward, P. J., de Moel, H. & Varis, O. (2010) Is physical water scarcity a new phenomenon? Global assessment of water shortage over the last two millennia, Environmental Research Letters, 5, pp. 034006.
30. LandScan (2007) Global Population Database for 2007 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Available at http://www.ornl.gov/landscan/ (accessed 10 May 2012).
31. Lehner, B. & Döll, P. (2004) Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands, Journal of Hydrology, 296(1-4), pp. 1-22.
32. Lehner, B., Verdin, K. & Jarvis, A. (2008) New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data, EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 89(10), pp. 93-94.
33. Libert, B. & Lipponen, A. (2012) Challenges and opportunities for transboundary water cooperation in Central Asia: findings from UNECE's regional assessment and project work, International Journal of Water Resources Management, 28(3), pp. 565-576.
34. Meybeck, M. (2003) Global analysis of river systems: from Earth system controls to Anthropocene syndromes, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 358, pp. 1935-1955.
35. Molle, F. & Mollinga, P. (2003) Water poverty indicators: conceptual problems and policy issues, Water Policy, 5, pp. 529-544.
36. Molle, F., Wester, P. & Hirsch, P. (2010) River basin closure: processes, implications and responses, Agricultural Water Management, 97, pp. 569-577.
37. Moore, M. J., Mitrofanov, I. V., Valentini, S. S., Volkov, V. V., Kurbskiy, A. V., Zhimbey, E. N., Eglinton, L. B. & Stegeman, J. J. (2003) Cytochrome P4501A expression, chemical contaminants and histopathology in roach, goby and sturgeon and chemical contaminants in sediments from the Caspian Sea, Lake Balkhash and the Ily River Delta, Kazakhstan, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, pp. 107-119.
38. National Bureau of Statistics of China (2011) Annual Data (Beijing: National Bureau of Statistics of China). Available at http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/statisticaldata/yearlydata/ (accessed 10 May 2012).
39. National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyz Republic (2005-2009) Key indicators, in: Statistical Yearbook, Kyrgyz Republic, 2005-2009 (Bishkek: National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyz Republic).
40. Palmer-Moloney, L. J. (2011) Water's role in measuring security and stability in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, Water International, 36(2), pp. 207-221.
41. Perveen, S. & James, L. A. (2011) Scale invariance of water stress indicators: facilitating cross-scale comparisons of water resources vulnerability, Applied Geography, 31, pp. 321-328.
42. Porkka, M., Kummu, M., Siebert, S. & Flörke, M. (2012) The role of virtual water flows in physical water scarcity: the case of Central Asia, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(3), pp. 453-474.
43. Rahaman, M. M, & Varis, O. (Eds) (2009) Central Asian Waters: Social, Economic, Environmental and Governance Puzzle (Espoo: Helsinki University of Technology).
44. Rosstat (2011) The Current Statistical Survey - Quarterly Magazine of Federal State Statistics Service 1/2011 (Moscow: Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation).
45. Shen, D. & Varis, O. (2000) World Water Vision: balancing thoughts after The Hague, Ambio, 29, pp. 523-525.
46. Smakhtin, V. (2008) Basin closure and environmental flow requirements, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 24, pp. 227-233.
47. Starodubtshev, V. M. & Truskavetskiy, S. R. (2011) Desertification processes in the Ili river delta under anthropogenic pressure, Water Resources, 38, pp. 253-256.
48. State Committee of Turkmenistan on Statistics (2010) 2010 [Socio-Economic Status of Turkmenistan 2010] (Ashgabat: State Committee of Turkmenistan on Statistics).
49. Statistical Centre of Iran (2011) Iran Statistical Year Book 1388 (Tehran: Statistical Centre of the Islamic Republic of Iran).
50. Stucki, V. & Sojamo, S. (2012) Nouns and numbers of the water-energy-security nexus in Central Asia, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(3), pp. 399-418.
51. UNDP (2010) Human Development Report 2010 (New York: United Nations Development Programme).
52. USGS (2001) Drainage Basins of the World (Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey).
53. UzDaily (2011) [Samarkand Region became a leader in the growth of GRP in 2010], 28 February. Available at http://www.uzdaily.uz/articles-id-5824.htm (accessed 15 April 2012).
54. Varis, O. (2005) Externalities of integrated water resources management in South and South-East Asia, in: A. K. Biswas, O. Varis & C. Tortajada (Eds) Integrated Water Resources Management in South and South-East Asia, pp. 1-38 (New Delhi: Oxford University Press).
55. Varis, O., Kummu, M. & Salmivaara, A. (2012) Ten major river basins in monsoon Asia-Pacific: an assessment of vulnerability, Applied Geography, 32(2), pp. 441-454.
56. Viviroli, D., Dürr, H., Messerli, B., Meybeck, M. & Weingartner, R. (2007) Mountains of the world, water towers for humanity: typology, mapping, and global significance, Water Resources Research, 43(W07447), pp. 1-13.
57. Vörösmarty, C. J. & Fekete, B. M. (2008) State of the global water systems: "operationalizing" water resource assessment for timely assessment, CREW Technical Reports: NASA WaterNet Candidate Solution Reports and On-Going CREW Research Reports, (Calverton, MD: Center for Research on Environment and Water [CREW]). Available at http://crew.iges.org/techreports/2008-03.CSR.StateoftheGWS.pdf
58. Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S. E., Sullivan, C. A., Reidy Liermann, C. & Davies, P. M (2010) Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity, Nature, 467(7315), pp. 555-561.
59. Vörösmarty, C. J., Sharma, K. P., Fekete, B. M., Copeland, A. H., Holden, J., Marble, J. & Lough, J. A. (1997) The storage and aging of continental runoff in large reservoir systems of the world, Ambio, 26(4), pp. 210-219.
60. Water Resources eAtlas (2007) Watersheds of the World: A Special Collection of River Basin Data (Washington, DC: EarthTrends/World Resource Institute).
61. WCS/CIESIN (2002) Last of the Wild Project, v. 1.0 (LWP-1): Global Human Footprint Dataset, (Wildlife Conservation Society, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Socioeconomic Data and Application Center, and Columbia University).
62. Wegerich, K., Kazbekov, J., Kabilov, F. & Mukhamedova, N. (2012a) Meso-level cooperation on transboundary tributaries and infrastructure in the Ferghana Valley, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(3), pp. 525-543.
63. Wegerich, K., Kazbekov, J., Mukhamedov, K. & Musayeva, S. (2012b) Is it possible to shift to hydrological boundaries? The Ferghana Valley meshed system, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(3), pp. 545-564.
64. World Bank (2010) World Development Indicators 2010 (Washington, DC: World Bank).
65. World Water Assessment Programme (2009) The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World (Paris: UNESCO).