Poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/cellulose nanocrystal bionanocomposites Part I. Processing and morphology

Carbohydrate Polymers

Volumn 96, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 611-620

  Bitinis, Natacha ^a   Verdejo, Raquel ^a   Bras, Julien ^b   Fortunati, Elena ^c   Kenny, Jose Maria ^a,c   Torre, Luigi ^c   Lopez Manchado, Miguel Angel ^a  

^a INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DE POLÍMEROS   (Spain)

^b Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Industry LGP2 UMR CNRS 5518   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bionanocomposite; Cellulose nanocrystal; Morphology; Poly(lactic acid) Melt blending; Surface modification

Indexed keywords

BLENDING; CELLULOSE; CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES; GRAFTING (CHEMICAL); LACTIC ACID; MORPHOLOGY; PROCESSING; SURFACE TREATMENT;

BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE; BIONANOCOMPOSITES; CELLULOSE NANO-CRYSTALS; CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC); HOMOGENEOUS DISPERSIONS; MELT BLENDING; MICRO-CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; MODIFICATION REACTIONS;

NANOCRYSTALS;

CELLULOSE; CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES; LACTIC ACID; MIXING; SURFACE TREATMENT;

EID: 84884703828     PISSN: 01448617     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.068     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Alloin, F., D'Aprea, A., Dufresne, A., El Kissi, N., & Bossard, F. (2011). Poly(oxyethylene) and ramie whiskers based nanocomposites: influence of processing: Extrusion and casting/evaporation. Cellulose, 18(4), 957-973.
2. Angellier, H., Molina-Boisseau, S., Lebrun, L., & Dufresne, A. (2005). Processing and structural properties of waxy maize starch nanocrystals reinforced natural rubber. Macromolecules, 38(9), 3783-3792. (Pubitemid 40672510)
3. Azizi Samir, M. A. S., Alloin, F., & Dufresne, A. (2005). Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules, 6(2), 612-626. (Pubitemid 40467801)
4. Beck-Candanedo, S., Roman, M., & Gray, D. G. (2005). Effect of reaction conditions on the properties and behavior of wood cellulose nanocrystal suspensions. Biomacromolecules, 6(2), 1048-1054. (Pubitemid 40983437)
5. Ben Mabrouk, A., Magnin, A., Belgacem, M. N., & Boufi, S. (2011). Melt rheology of nanocomposites based on acrylic copolymer and cellulose whiskers. Composites Science and Technology, 71(6), 818-827.
6. Bitinis, N., Sanz, A., Nogales, A., Verdejo, R., Lopez-Manchado, M. A., & Ezquerra, T. A. (2012). Deformation mechanisms in polylactic acid/natural rubber/organoclay bionanocomposites as revealed by synchrotron X-ray scattering. Soft Matter, 8(34), 8990-8997.
7. Bitinis, N., Verdejo, R., Maya, E. M., Espuche, E., Cassagnau, P., & Lopez-Manchado, M. A. (2012). Physicochemical properties of organoclay filled polylactic acid/natural rubber blend bionanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 72(2), 305-313.
8. Bondeson, D., Mathew, A., & Oksman, K. (2006). Optimization of the isolation of nanocrystals from microcrystalline cellulose by acid hydrolysis. Cellulose, 13(2), 171-180.
9. Bondeson, D., & Oksman, K. (2007). Dispersion and characteristics of surfactant modified cellulose whiskers nanocomposites. Composite Interfaces, 14(7-9), 617-630. (Pubitemid 350130044)
10. Bordes, P., Pollet, E., & Averous, L. (2009). Nano-biocomposites: Biodegradable polyester/nanoclay systems. Progress in Polymer Science, 34(2), 125-155.
11. Cassagnau, P.(2008). Melt rheology of organoclay and fumed silica nanocomposites. Polymer, 49(9), 2183-2196.
12. Darder, M., Aranda, P., & Ruiz-Hitzky, E. (2007). Bionanocomposites: A new concept of ecological, bioinspired, and functional hybrid materials. Advanced Materials, 19(10), 1309-1319. (Pubitemid 47153162)
13. Favier, V., Canova, G. R., Cavaille, J. Y., Chanzy, H., Dufresne, A., & Gauthier, C. (1995). Nanocomposite materials from latex and cellulose whiskers. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 6(5), 351-355.
14. Fenouillot, F., Cassagnau, P., & Majeste, J. C. (2009). Uneven distribution of nanoparticles in immiscible fluids: Morphology development in polymer blends. Polymer, 50(6), 1333-1350.
15. Fortunati, E., Armentano, I., Zhou, Q., Iannoni, A., Saino, E., Visai, L., et al. (2012). Multifunctional bionanocomposite films of poly(lactic acid), cellulose nanocrystals and silver nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(2), 1596-1605.
16. Fortunati, E., Peltzer, M., Armentano, I., Torre, L., Jimenez, A., & Kenny, J. M. (2012). Effects of modified cellulose nanocrystals on the barrier and migration properties of PLA nano-biocomposites. Carbohydrate Polymers, 90(2), 948-956.
17. Franklin, W.E. (1979). Direct pyrolysis of cellulose and cellulose derivatives in a mass spectrometer with a data system. Analytical Chemistry, 51(7), 992-996.
18. Goffin, A.-L., Raquez, J.-M., Duquesne, E., Siqueira, G., Habibi, Y., Dufresne, A., et al. (2011). From interfacial ring-opening polymerization to melt processing of cellulose nanowhisker-filled polylactide-based nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules, 12(7), 2456-2465.
19. Goffin, A.L., Raquez, J. M., Duquesne, E., Siqueira, G., Habibi, Y., Dufresne, A., et al. (2011). Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) based nanocomposites reinforced by surface-grafted cellulose nanowhiskers via extrusion processing: Morphology, rheology, and thermo-mechanical properties. Polymer, 52(7), 1532-1538.
20. Habibi, Y., Goffin, A.-L., Schiltz, N., Duquesne, E., Dubois, P., & Dufresne, A. (2008). Bionanocomposites based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone)- grafted cellulose nanocrystals by ring-opening polymerization. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 18(41), 5002-5010.
21. Habibi, Y., Lucia, L. A., & Rojas, O. J. (2010). Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, selfassembly, and applications. Chemical Reviews, 110(6), 3479-3500.
22. Henriksson, M., Berglund, L. A., Isaksson, P., Lindstrom, T., & Nishino, T. (2008). Cellulose nanopaper structures of high toughness. Biomacromolecules, 9(6), 1579-1585. (Pubitemid 351954431)
23. Jonoobi, M., Harun, J., Mathew, A. P., & Oksman, K. (2010). Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion. Composites Science and Technology, 70(12), 1742-1747.
24. Julien, S., Chornet, E., & Overend, R. P. (1993). Influence of acid pretreatment (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3) on reaction selectivity in the vacuum pyrolysis of cellulose. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 27(1), 25-43.
25. Kim, D.Y., Nishiyama, Y., Wada, M., & Kuga, S. (2001). High-yield carbonization of cellulose by sulfuric acid impregnation. Cellulose, 8(1), 29-33. (Pubitemid 32824770)
26. Le Corre, D., Bras, J., & Dufresne, A. (2010). Starch nanoparticles: A review. Biomacromolecules, 11(5), 1139-1153.
27. Lin, N., Chen, G., Huang, J., Dufresne, A., & Chang, P. R. (2009). Effects of polymergrafted natural nanocrystals on the structure and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid): A case of cellulose whisker-graft- polycaprolactone. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(5), 3417-3425.
28. Pan, P., & Inoue, Y. (2009). Polymorphism and isomorphism in biodegradable polyesters. Progress in Polymer Science, 34(7), 605-640.
29. Pappa, A., Mikedi, K., Tzamtzis, N., & Statheropoulos, M. (2003). Chemometric methods for studying the effects of chemicals on cellulose pyrolysis by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 67(2), 221-235.
30. Pappa, A., Mikedi, K., Tzamtzis, N., & Statheropoulos, M. (2006). TG-MS analysis for studying the effects of fire retardants on the pyrolysis of pine-needles and their components. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 84(3), 655-661. (Pubitemid 43876871)
31. Pappa, A.A., Tzamtzis, N. E., Statheropoulos, M. K., Liodakis, S. E., & Parissakis, G. K. (1995). A comparative study of the effects of fire retardants on the pyrolysis of cellulose and pinus-helepensis pine-needles. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 31, 85-100.
32. Pei, A.H., Zhou, Q., & Berglund, L. A. (2010). Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as biobased nucleation agents in poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) - Crystallization and mechanical property effects. Composites Science and Technology, 70(5), 815-821.
33. Petersson, L., Kvien, I., & Oksman, K. (2007). Structure and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose whiskers nanocomposite materials. Composites Science and Technology, 67(11-12), 2535-2544. (Pubitemid 46760227)
34. Rhim, J.W. (2007). Potential use of biopolymer-based nanocomposite films in food packaging applications. Food Science and Biotechnology, 16(5), 691-709.
35. Roman, M., & Winter, W. T. (2004). Effect of sulfate groups from sulfuric acid hydrolysis on the thermal degradation behavior of bacterial cellulose. Biomacromolecules, 5(5), 1671-1677. (Pubitemid 39335201)
36. Siqueira, G., Bras, J., & Dufresne, A. (2010). New process of chemical grafting of cellulose nanoparticles with a long chain isocyanate. Langmuir, 26(1), 402-411.
37. Statheropoulos, M., & Kyriakou, S. A. (2000). Quantitative thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric analysis for monitoring the effects of fire retardants on cellulose pyrolysis. Analytica Chimica Acta, 409(1-2), 203-214. (Pubitemid 30114309)
38. Uschanov, P., Johansson, L.-S., Maunu, S. L., & Laine, J. (2011). Heterogeneous modification of various celluloses with fatty acids. Cellulose, 18(2), 393-404.
39. Wang, N., Ding, E., & Cheng, R. (2007). Thermal degradation behaviors of spherical cellulose nanocrystals with sulfate groups. Polymer, 48(12), 3486-3493. (Pubitemid 46802654)
40. Yasuniwa, M., Sakamo, K., Ono, Y., & Kawahara, W. (2008). Melting behavior of poly(l-lactic acid): X-ray and DSC analyses of the melting process. Polymer, 49(7), 1943-1951.
41. Yu, J.H., Ai, F. J., Dufresne, A., Gao, S. J., Huang, J., & Chang, P. R. (2008). Structure and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) filled with (starch nanocrystal)-graftpoly (epsilon-caprolactone). Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 293(9), 763-770.