Meta-analysis of Urine Heme Dipstick Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium Infection, Including Low-Prevalence and Previously-Treated Populations

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2013, Pages

  King, Charles H ^a,b   Bertsch, David ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; EGG; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; REVIEW; SCHISTOSOMIASIS HAEMATOBIA; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; URINALYSIS; URINE HEME DIPSTICK DIAGNOSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICA; ANIMALS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES; FEMALE; HEMATURIA; HEME; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; POINT-OF-CARE SYSTEMS; PREVALENCE; SCHISTOSOMIASIS HAEMATOBIA; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS;

EID: 84884690788     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002431     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Chitsulo L, Engels D, Montresor A, Savioli L, (2000) The global status of schistosomiasis and its control. Acta Trop 77: 41-51.
2. Steinmann P, Keiser J, Bos R, Tanner M, Utzinger J, (2006) Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk. Lancet Infect Dis 6: 411-425.
3. WHO (2002) Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: report of a WHO expert committee. Technical Report Series 912. Geneva: World Health Organization. 912 912. 1-57 p.
4. Schur N, Hurlimann E, Garba A, Traore MS, Ndir O, et al. (2011) Geostatistical model-based estimates of schistosomiasis prevalence among individuals aged < = 20 years in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1194.
5. Schur N, Hurlimann E, Stensgaard AS, Chimfwembe K, Mushinge G, et al. (2011) Spatially explicit Schistosoma infection risk in eastern Africa using Bayesian geostatistical modelling. Acta Trop E-pub ahead of print.
6. Briggs M, Chadfield M, Mummery D, Briggs M, (1971) Screening with reagent strips. Br Med J 3: 433-434.
7. Wilkins HA, Goll P, Marshall TF, Moore P, (1979) The significance of proteinuria and haematuria in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73: 74-80.
8. Warren KS, Mahmoud AAF, Muruka JF, Whittaker LR, Ouma JH, et al. (1979) Schistosomiasis haematobia in Coast Province, Kenya. Relationship between egg output and morbidity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 864-870.
9. Taylor P, Chandiwana SK, Matanhire D, (1990) Evaluation of the reagent strip test for haematuria in the control of Schistosoma haematobium infection in schoolchildren. Acta Trop 47: 91-100.
10. Fatiregun AA, Osungbade KO, Olumide AE, (2009) Cost-effectiveness of screening methods for urinary schistosomiasis in a school-based control programme in Ibadan, Nigeria. Health Policy 89: 72-77.
11. Traore M, Maude GH, Bradley DJ, (1998) Schistosomiasis haematobia in Mali: prevalence rate in school-age children as index of endemicity in the community. Trop Med Int Health 3: 214-221.
12. Magnussen P, Ndawi B, Sheshe AK, Byskov J, Mbwana K, et al. (2001) The impact of a school health programme on the prevalence and morbidity of urinary schistosomiasis in Mwera Division, Pangani District, Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 58-64.
13. Gordis L (2009) Assessing the validity and reliability of diagnostic and screening tests. Epidemiology. 4 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 85-108.
14. Birrie H, Medhin G, Jemaneh L, (1995) Comparison of urine filtration and a chemical reagent strip in the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. East Afr Med J 72: 180-185.
15. Lengeler C, de Savigny D, Mshinda H, Mayombana C, Tayari S, et al. (1991) Community-based questionnaires and health statistics as tools for the cost-efficient identification of communities at risk of urinary schistosomiasis. Int J Epidemiol 20: 796-807.
16. Lengeler C, Kilima P, Mshinda H, Morona D, Hatz C, et al. (1991) Rapid, low-cost, two-step method to screen for urinary schistosomiasis at the district level: the Kilosa experience. Bull World Health Organ 69: 179-189.
17. Lengeler C, Utzinger J, Tanner M, (2002) Questionnaires for rapid screening of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Bull World Health Organ 80: 235-242.
18. Red Urine Study Group (1995) Identification of High Risk Communities for Schistosomiasis in Africa: a Multi-Country Study. Social and Economic Research Project Reports, No. 15. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
19. Takougang I, Meli J, Fotso S, Angwafo F, (2004) Hematuria and dysuria in the self-diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis among school-children in Northern Cameroon. Afr J Health Sci 11: 121-127.
20. WHO (2006) Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis: coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: a manual for health professionals and programme managers. Geneva: World Health Organization.
21. Emukah E, Gutman J, Eguagie J, Miri ES, Yinkore P, et al. (2012) Urine heme dipsticks are useful in monitoring the impact of praziquantel treatment on Schistosoma haematobium in sentinel communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Acta Trop 122: 126-131.
22. van der Werf MJ, de Vlas SJ, (2004) Diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis: a novel approach to compare bladder pathology measured by ultrasound and three methods for hematuria detection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 98-106.
23. Doenhoff MJ, Chiodini PL, Hamilton JV, (2004) Specific and sensitive diagnosis of schistosome infection: can it be done with antibodies? Trends Parasitol 20: 35-39.
24. Wilkins HA, (1986) Are measurements of intensity of infection or morbidity necessary to evaluate schistosomiasis control within PHC? Trop Med Parasitol 37: 223-225.
25. Zamora J, Abraira V, Muriel A, Khan K, Coomarasamy A, (2006) Meta-DiSc: a software for meta-analysis of test accuracy data. BMC Med Res Methodol 6: 31.
26. Dendukuri N, Schiller I, Joseph L, Pai M, (2012) Bayesian meta-analysis of the accuracy of a test for tuberculous pleuritis in the absence of a gold standard reference. Biometrics 68: 1285-1293.
27. Savioli L, Hatz C, Dixon H, Kisumku UM, Mott KE, (1990) Control of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium on Pemba Island: egg excretion and hematuria as indicators of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 289-295.
28. Tiemersma EW, Hafid S, Boelee E, Khallaayoune K, Gryseels B, (1997) Detection of urinary schistosomiasis in a low prevalence region. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91: 285-286.
29. French MD, Rollinson D, Basanez MG, Mgeni AF, Khamis IS, et al. (2007) School-based control of urinary schistosomiasis on Zanzibar, Tanzania: monitoring micro-haematuria with reagent strips as a rapid urological assessment. J Pediatr Urol 3: 364-368.
30. King CH, Muchiri E, Ouma JH, Koech D, (1991) Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. IV. Impact of repeated annual chemotherapy on prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection in an endemic area of Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 45: 498-508.
31. Jemaneh L, Shewakena F, Tedla S, Erko B, Birrie H, (1993) Evaluation of reagent strips for detection of Schistosoma haematobium infection in the lower Awash valley, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 31: 137-150.
32. King CH, Magak P, Salam EA, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, et al. (2003) Measuring morbidity in schistosomiasis mansoni: relationship between image pattern, portal vein diameter and portal branch thickness in large-scale surveys using new WHO coding guidelines for ultrasound in schistosomiasis. Trop Med Int Health 8: 109-117.
33. Blanton RE, Salam EA, Kariuki HC, Magak P, Silva LK, et al. (2002) Population-based differences in Schistosoma mansoni- and hepatitis C-induced disease. J Infect Dis 185: 1644-1649.
34. Mott KE, Dixon H, Osei-Tutu E, England EC, Ekue K, et al. (1985) Evaluation of reagent strips in urine tests for detection of Schistosoma haematobium infection: a comparative study in Ghana and Zambia. Bull World Health Organ 63: 125-133.
35. Tanner M, Holzer B, Marti HP, Saladin B, Degremont AA, (1983) Frequency of haematuria and proteinuria among Schistosoma haematobium infected children of two communities from Liberia and Tanzania. Acta Trop 40: 231-237.
36. Feldmeier H, Poggensee G, Krantz I, (1993) A synoptic inventory of needs for research on women and tropical parasitic diseases. II. Gender-related biases in the diagnosis and morbidity assessment of schistosomiasis in women. Acta Trop 55: 139-169.
37. Hall A, Fentiman A, (1999) Blood in the urine of adolescent girls in an area of Ghana with a low prevalence of infection with Schistosoma haematobium. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93: 411-412.
38. Gundersen SG, Kjetland EF, Poggensee G, Helling-Giese G, Richter J, et al. (1996) Urine reagent strips for diagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium in women of fertile age. Acta Trop 62: 281-287.
39. Eltoum IA, Sulaiman S, Ismail BM, Ali MM, Elfatih M, et al. (1992) Evaluation of haematuria as an indirect screening test for schistosomiasis haematobium: a population-based study in the White Nile province, Sudan. Acta Trop 51: 151-157.
40. Sellin B, Simonkovich E, Ovazza L, Sellin E, Desfontaine M, et al. (1982) [Value of macroscopic urine examination and reagent strips for the detection of hematuria and proteinuria in the mass diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis, before and after treatment]. Med Trop (Mars) 42: 521-526.
41. King CH, Dangerfield-Cha M, (2008) The unacknowledged impact of chronic schistosomiasis. Chronic Illn 4: 65-79.
42. Bosompem KM, Owusu O, Okanla EO, Kojima S, (2004) Applicability of a monoclonal antibody-based dipstick in diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in the Central Region of Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 9: 991-996.
43. Ndyomugyenyi R, Minjas JN, (2001) Urinary schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, and the factors influencing its transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95: 697-706.
44. Kahama AI, Nibbeling HA, van Zeyl RJ, Vennervald BJ, Ouma JH, et al. (1998) Detection and quantification of soluble egg antigen in urine of Schistosoma haematobium-infected children from Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 769-774.
45. Traore M, Traore HA, Kardorff R, Diarra A, Landoure A, et al. (1998) The public health significance of urinary schistosomiasis as a cause of morbidity in two districts in Mali. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 407-413.
46. Akinwale OP, Ajayi MB, Akande DO, Adeleke MA, Gyang PV, et al. (2009) Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a neglected community, south western Nigeria. International Journal of Health Research 2: 149-155.
47. Lengeler C, Komba S, Morona D, (1991) Urinary schistosomiasis: influence of the circadian variation of hematuria and proteinuria on reagent stick testing. Acta Trop 48: 313-317.
48. Doehring E, Vester U, Ehrich JHH, Feldmeier H, (1985) Circadian variation of ova excretion, proteinuria, haematuria, and leukocyturia in urinary schistosomiasis. Kidney Int 27: 667-671.
49. Dodge WF, West EF, Smith EH, Bruce H, (1976) Proteinuria and hematuria in schoolchildren: epidemiology and early natural history. J Pediatr 88: 327-347.
50. Mohr DN, Offord KP, Owen RA, Melton LJ, (1986) Asymptomatic microhematuria and urologic disease. A population-based study. JAMA 256: 224-229.
51. Corwin HL, Silverstein MD, (1988) Microscopic hematuria. Clin Lab Med 8: 601-610.
52. Poggensee G, Krantz I, Kiwelu I, Feldmeier H, (2000) Screening of Tanzanian women of childbearing age for urinary schistosomiasis: validity of urine reagent strip readings and self-reported symptoms. Bull World Health Organ 78: 542-548.
53. Cooppan RM, Schutte CH, Dingle CE, van Deventer JM, Becker PJ, (1987) Urinalysis reagent strips in the screening of children for urinary schistosomiasis in the RSA. S Afr Med J 72: 459-462.
54. Hatz C, Savioli L, Mayombana C, Dhunputh J, Kisumku UM, et al. (1990) Measurement of schistosomiasis-related morbidity at community level in areas of different endemicity. Bull World Health Organ 68: 777-787.
55. Lwambo NJS, Savioli L, Kisumku UM, Alawi KS, Bundy DAP, (1997) The relationship between prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection and different morbidity indicators during the course of a control programme on Pemba Island. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91: 643-646.
56. N'Goran KE, Yapi Yapi Y, Rey JL, Soro B, Coulibaly A, et al. (1989) [Screening for urinary Schistosoma by strips reactive to hematuria. Evaluation in zones of intermediate and weak endemicity in the Ivory Coast]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 82: 236-242.
57. Stephenson LS, Latham MC, Kinoti SN, Oduori ML, (1984) Sensitivity and specificity of reagent strips in screening of Kenyan children for Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 862-871.
58. King CH, Keating CE, Muruka JF, Ouma JH, Houser H, et al. (1988) Urinary tract morbidity in schistosomiasis haematobia: associations with age and intensity of infection in an endemic area of Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39: 361-368.
59. Mafe MA, (1997) The diagnostic potential of three indirect tests for urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria. Acta Trop 68: 277-284.
60. Etard JE, (2004) [Modelling sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of hematuria testing using reagent sticks in the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 97: 24-28.
61. Nduka FO, Ajaero CM, Nwoke BE, (1995) Urinary schistosomiasis among school children in an endemic community in south-eastern Nigeria. Appl Parasitol 36: 34-40.
62. Koukounari A, Webster JP, Donnelly CA, Bray BC, Naples J, et al. (2009) Sensitivities and specificities of diagnostic tests and infection prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium estimated from data on adults in villages northwest of Accra, Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 435-441.
63. Eltoum IA, Suliaman SM, Ismail BM, Ismail AI, Ali MM, et al. (1992) Evaluation of eosinophiluria in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis hematobium: a field-based study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46: 732-736.
64. Macaskill P, Gatsonis C, Deeks JJ, Harbord RM, Takwoingi Y (2010) Analysing and Presenting Results. In: Deeks JJ, Bossuyt PM, Gatsonis C, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy, Version 10, The Cochrane Collaboration. Available from: http://srdta.cochrane.org/.
65. Robinson E, Picon D, Sturrock HJ, Sabasio A, Lado M, et al. (2009) The performance of haematuria reagent strips for the rapid mapping of urinary schistosomiasis: field experience from Southern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 14: 1484-1487.
66. Kaiser C, Bergel F, Doehring-Schwerdtfeger E, Feldmeier H, Ehrich JH, (1992) Urine test strips: reliability of semi-quantitative findings under tropical conditions. Pediatr Nephrol 6: 145-148.
67. Schutte CH, van Deventer JM, Lamprecht T, (1981) A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and intensity of infection with Schistosoma haematobium in students of Northern KwaZulu. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 364-372.
68. Aryeetey ME, Wagatsuma Y, Yeboah G, Asante M, Mensah G, et al. (2000) Urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana: 1. Prevalence and morbidity assessment in three (defined) rural areas drained by the Densu river. Parasitol Int 49: 155-163.
69. Delegue P, Picquet M, Shaw DJ, Vercruysse J, Sambou B, et al. (1998) Morbidity induced by Schistosoma haematobium infections, as assessed by ultrasound before and after treatment with praziquantel, in a recently expanded focus (Senegal River basin). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 775-783.