Effect of Type and Concentration of Ballasting Particles on Sinking Rate of Marine Snow Produced by the Appendicularian Oikopleura dioica

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 9, 2013, Pages

  Lombard, Fabien ^a,b   Guidi, Lionel ^b   Kiørboe, Thomas ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b LABORATOIRE D OCÉANOGRAPHIE DE VILLEFRANCHE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BALLAST MATERIAL; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; INORGANIC COMPOUND; LITHOGENIC MATERIAL; OPAL; ORGANIC COMPOUND; SNOW; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALGA; APPENDICULARIA; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; NONHUMAN; OIKOPLEURA DIOICA; PARTICLE SIZE; SINKING SPEED;

ANIMALS; CARBON; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; OCEANS AND SEAS; PARTICLE SIZE; SEAWATER; UROCHORDATA;

EID: 84884550960     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075676     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Buesseler KO, Lamborg CH, Boyd PW, Lam PJ, Trull TW, et al. (2007) Revisiting carbon flux through the ocean's twilight zone. Science 316: 567-570. doi:10.1126/science.1137959. PubMed: 17463282.
2. Fowler SW, Knauer GA, (1986) Role of large particles in the transport of elements and organic compounds through the ocean water column. Prog Oceanogr 16: 147-194. doi:10.1016/0079-6611(86)90032-7.
3. Volk T, Hoffert MI, (1985) The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations Archean to Present. In: Sundquist ET, Broecker WS, eds. Geophysical Monograph. pp. pp. 99-110.
4. Boyd PW, Trull TW, (2007) Understanding the export of biogenic particles in oceanic waters: Is there consensus? Prog Oceanogr 72: 276-312. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.10.007.
5. Burd AB, Hansell DA, Steinberg DK, Anderson TR, Aristegui J, et al. (2010) Assessing the apparent imbalance between geochemical and biochemical indicators of meso- and bathypelagic biological activity: What the @$#! is wrong with present calculations of carbon budgets? Deep Sea Res II Topical Stud Oceanogr 57: 1557-1571. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.02.022.
6. Turner JT, (2002) Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow and sinking phytoplankton blooms. Aquat Microb Ecol 27: 57-102. doi:10.3354/ame027057.
7. Alldredge AL, Gotschalk C, (1988) In situ settling behavior of marine snow. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 339-351. doi:10.4319/lo.1988.33.3.0339.
8. Guidi L, Jackson GA, Stemmann L, Miquel JC, Picheral M, et al. (2008) Relationship between particle size distribution and flux in the mesopelagic zone. Deep Sea Res I Oceanogr Res Pap 55: 1364-1374. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.05.014.
9. Iversen MH, Nowald N, Ploug H, Jackson GA, Fischer G, (2010) High resolution profiles of vertical particulate organic matter export off Cape Blanc, Mauritania: Degradation processes and ballasting effects. Deep Sea Res I Oceanogr Res Pap 57: 771-784. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.007.
10. Jouandet M-P, Trull TW, Guidi L, Picheral M, Ebersbach F, et al. (2011) Optical imaging of mesopelagic particles indicates deep carbon flux beneath a natural iron-fertilized bloom in the Southern Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 56: 1130-1140. doi:10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.1130.
11. Francois R, Honjo S, Krishfield R, Manganini S, (2002) Factors controlling the flux of organic carbon to the bathypelagic zone of the ocean. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 16.
12. Klaas C, Archer DE, (2002) Association of sinking organic matter with various types of mineral ballast in the deep sea: Implications for the rain ratio. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 16.
13. McDonnell AMP, Buesseler KO, (2010) Variability in the average sinking velocities of marine particles. Limnol Oceanogr 55: 2085-2096. doi:10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.2085.
14. Armstrong RA, Lee C, Hedges JI, Honjo S, Wakeham SG, (2002) A new, mechanistic model for organic carbon fluxes in the ocean based on the quantitative association of POC with ballast minerals. Deep Sea Res II 49: 219-236.
15. Biermann A, Engel A, (2010) Effect of CO2 on the properties and sinking velocity of aggregates of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Biogeosciences 7: 1017-1029. doi:10.5194/bg-7-1017-2010.
16. Engel A, Szlosek J, Abramson L, Liu Z, Lee C, (2009) Investigating the effect of ballasting by CaCO3 in Emiliania huxleyi: I. Formation, settling velocities and physical properties of aggregates. Deep Sea Res II Topical Stud Oceanogr 56: 1396-1407. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.027.
17. Iversen MH, Ploug H, (2010) Ballast minerals and the sinking carbon flux in the ocean: carbon-specific respiration rates and sinking velocity of marine snow aggregates. Biogeosciences 7: 2613-2624. doi:10.5194/bg-7-2613-2010.
18. Riley JS, Sanders R, Marsay C, Le Moigne FAC, Achterberg EP, et al. (2012) The relative contribution of fast and slow sinking particles to ocean carbon export. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26.
19. Sanders R, Morris PJ, Poulton AJ, Stinchcombe MC, Charalampopoulou A, et al. (2010) Does a ballast effect occur in the surface ocean? Geophys Res Lett 37.
20. Logan BE, Kilps JR, (1995) Fractal dimensions of aggregates formed in different fluid mechanical environments. Water Res 29: 443-453. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)00186-B.
21. Flood PR, Deibel D, (1998) The appendicularian house. In: Bone Q, eds. The biology of pelagic tunicates. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. pp. 105-124.
22. Lombard F, Selander E, Kiorboe T, (2011) Active prey rejection in the filter-feeding appendicularian Oikopleura dioica. Limnol Oceanogr 56: 1504-1512. doi:10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1504.
23. Sato R, Tanaka Y, Ishimaru T, (2003) Species-specific house productivity of appendicularians. Mar Ecol Prog S 259: 163-172. doi:10.3354/meps259163.
24. Gorsky G, Chretiennot-Dinet MJ, Blanchot J, Palazzoli I, (1999) Picoplankton and nanoplankton aggregation by appendicularians: Fecal pellet contents of Megalocercus huxleyi in the equatorial Pacific. J Geophys Res, C, Oceans 104: 3381-3390.
25. Passow U, Shipe RF, Murray A, Pak DK, Brzezinski MA, et al. (2001) The origin of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and their role in the sedimentation of particulate matter. Contin Shelf Res 21: 327-346. doi:10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00101-1.
26. Hansen JLS, Kiørboe T, Alldredge AL, (1996) Marine snow derived from abandoned larvacean houses: Sinking rates, particle content and mechanisms of aggregate formation. Mar Ecol Prog S 141: 205-215. doi:10.3354/meps141205.
27. Alldredge AL, Silver MW, (1988) Characteristics, dynamics and significance of marine snow. Prog Oceanogr 20: 41-82. doi:10.1016/0079-6611(88)90053-5.
28. Alldredge AL, (2005) The contribution of discarded appendicularian houses to the flux of particulate organic carbon from oceanic surface waters. In: Gorsky G, Youngbluth MJ, Deibel D, eds. Response of marine ecosystems to global change: Ecological impact of appendicularians. Paris: GB. Scientific Publisher. pp. pp. 309-326.
29. Robison BH, Reisenbichler KR, Sherlock RE, (2005) Giant larvacean houses: Rapid carbon transport to the deep sea floor. Science 308: 1609-1611. doi:10.1126/science.1109104. PubMed: 15947183.
30. Lombard F, Legendre L, Picheral M, Sciandra A, Gorsky G, (2010) Prediction of ecological niches and carbon export by appendicularians using a new multispecies ecophysiological model. Mar Ecol Prog S 398: 109-125. doi:10.3354/meps08273.
31. De La Rocha CL, Passow U, (2007) Factors influencing the sinking of POC and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. Deep Sea Res I Oceanogr Res Pap 54: 639-658.
32. Bouquet JM, Spriet E, Troedsson C, Otterå H, Chourrout D, et al. (2009) Culture optimization for the emergent zooplanktonic model organism Oikopleura dioica. J Plankton Res 31: 359-370. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbn132. PubMed: 19461862.
33. Lombard F, Renaud F, Sainsbury C, Sciandra A, Gorsky G, (2009) Appendicularian ecophysiology I Food concentration dependent clearance rate, assimilation efficiency, growth and reproduction of Oikopleura dioica. J Mar Syst, 76: 151-161. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.1001.1004. PubMed: 20628532.
34. Lombard F, Kiørboe T, (2010) Marine snow originating from appendicularian houses: Age-dependent settling characteristics. Deep Sea Res I Oceanogr Res Pap 57: 1304-1313. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.06.008.
35. Guieu C, Dulac F, Desboeufs K, Wagener T, Pulido-Villena E, et al. (2010) Large clean mesocosms and simulated dust deposition: a new methodology to investigate responses of marine oligotrophic ecosystems to atmospheric inputs. Biogeosciences 7: 2765-2784. doi:10.5194/bg-7-2765-2010.
36. Lombard F, Sciandra A, Gorsky G, (2005) Influence of body mass, food concentration, temperature and filtering activity on the oxygen uptake of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica. Mar Ecol Prog S 301: 149-158. doi:10.3354/meps301149.
37. Fenaux R, (1985) Rhythm of secretion of Oikopleurid's houses. Bull Mar Sci 37: 498-503.
38. Tiselius P, Kuylenstierna M, (1996) Growth and decline of a diatom spring bloom: Phytoplankton species composition, formation of marine snow and the role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates. J Plankton Res 18: 133-155. doi:10.1093/plankt/18.2.133.
39. Guerzoni S, Chester R, Dulac F, Herut B, Loye-Pilot MD, et al. (1999) The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea. Prog Oceanogr 44: 147-190. doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00024-5.
40. De La Rocha CL, Nowald N, Passow U, (2008) Interactions between diatom aggregates, minerals, particulate organic carbon, and dissolved organic matter: Further implications for the ballast hypothesis. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 22.
41. Hamm CE, (2002) Interactive aggregation and sedimentation of diatoms and clay-sized lithogenic material. Limnol Oceanogr 47: 1790-1795. doi:10.4319/lo.2002.47.6.1790.
42. Passow U, De la Rocha CL, (2006) Accumulation of mineral ballast on organic aggregates. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 20.
43. Acuña JL, Keifer M, (2000) Functional response of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica. Limnol Oceanogr 45(3):: 608-618. doi:10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0608.
44. Ploug H, Iversen MH, Fischer G, (2008) Ballast, sinking velocity, and apparent diffusivity within marine snow and zooplankton fecal pellets: Implications for substrate turnover by attached bacteria. Limnol Oceanogr 53: 1878-1886. doi:10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1878.
45. Poulton AJ, Sanders R, Holligan PM, Stinchcombe MC, Adey TR, et al. (2006) Phytoplankton mineralization in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 20.
46. Wilson JD, Barker S, Ridgwell A, (2012) Assessment of the spatial variability in particulate organic matter and mineral sinking fluxes in the ocean interior: Implications for the ballast hypothesis. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26.
47. Henson SA, Sanders R, Madsen E, (2012) Global patterns in efficiency of particulate organic carbon export and transfer to the deep ocean. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26.
48. Le Moigne FAC, Sanders RJ, Villa-Alfageme M, Martin AP, Pabortsava K, et al. (2012) On the proportion of ballast versus non-ballast associated carbon export in the surface ocean. Geophys Res Lett 39.
49. Lam PJ, Doney SC, Bishop JKB, (2011) The dynamic ocean biological pump: Insights from a global compilation of particulate organic carbon, CaCO3, and opal concentration profiles from the mesopelagic. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 25.
50. Guidi L, Stemmann L, Jackson GA, Ibanez F, Claustre H, et al. (2009) Effects of phytoplankton community on production, size and export of large aggregates: A world-ocean analysis. Limnol Oceanogr 54: 1951-1963. doi:10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.1951.
51. Kiørboe T, (2000) Colonization of marine snow aggregates by invertebrate zooplankton: Abundance, scaling, and possible role. Limnol Oceanogr 45: 479-484. doi:10.4319/lo.2000.45.2.0479.