Effects of exposure to thin-ideal media images on body dissatisfaction: Testing the inclusion of a disclaimer versus warning label

Body Image

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 472-480

  Ata, Rheanna N ^a   Thompson, J Kevin ^a   Small, Brent J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Advertisements; Body image; Disclaimers; Eating disturbance; Magazines

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADVERTISEMENTS; ADVERTIZING; ARTICLE; BODY IMAGE; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; DISCLAIMERS; EATING DISTURBANCE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MAGAZINES; MASS MEDIUM; METHODOLOGY; PACKAGING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SATISFACTION; SELF CONCEPT; STUDENT; YOUNG ADULT;

ADVERTISEMENTS; BODY IMAGE; DISCLAIMERS; EATING DISTURBANCE; MAGAZINES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADVERTISING AS TOPIC; BODY IMAGE; BODY MASS INDEX; DIET; DISCLOSURE; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; HUMANS; INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL; MASS MEDIA; PERSONAL SATISFACTION; PRODUCT LABELING; SELF CONCEPT; STUDENTS; THINNESS; WOMEN; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84884532365     PISSN: 17401445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.04.004     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Aiken L.S., West S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions 1991, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
2. Ajzen I., Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior 1980, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
3. Alfano, S. (2006, September 18). Super-thin models: Controversy grows: Spanish fashion show bans them; British counterpart doesn't. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/.
4. Allison D.B., Kalinsky L.B., Gorman B.S. A comparison of the psychometric properties of three measures of dietary restraint. Psychological Assessment 1992, 4:391-398. 10.1037/1040-3590.4.3.391.
5. Ata R.N., Rojas A., Ludden A.B., Thompson J.K. Factors influencing body image during adolescence. Handbook of behavior, food and nutrition 2011, 3221-3240. Springer, New York. V.R. Preedy, R.R. Watson, C.R. Martin (Eds.).
6. Australian Government. (2009). A proposed national strategy on body image. Retrieved from http://apo.org.au/node/19505.
7. BBC News (2012, March 20). Israel passes law banning use of underweight models. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/.
8. Birkeland R., Thompson J.K., Herbozo S., Roehrig M., Cafri G., van den Berg P. Media exposure, mood, and body image dissatisfaction: An experimental test of person versus product priming. Body Image: An International Journal of Research 2005, 2:53-61. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.11.002.
9. Boyer, V., Ameline, N., Beaudouin, P., Bignon, J., Blum, R., Bouchet, J. -C.,. & Zimmermann, M. -J. (2009). Proposed law on photographs of retouched body images. Retrieved from http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/propositions/pion1908.asp.
10. Cash, T. F. (2000). Users' manual for the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (3rd revision). Available at: http://www.body-images.com/.
11. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 112:155-159.
12. Coughlin J.W., Kalodner C. Media literacy as a prevention intervention for college women at low- or high-risk for eating disorders. Body Image: An International Journal of Research 2006, 3:35-43. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.01.001.
13. Dittmar, H., Halliwell, E., Tiggemann, M., Levine, M., Diedrichs, P., Rumsey, N., & Bell, B. T. (2009). The impact of media images on body image and behaviours: A summary of the scientific evidence. Retrieved from http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/.
14. Dittmar H., Howard S. Thin-ideal internalization and social comparison tendency as moderators of media models' impact on women's body-focused anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2004, 23:768-791. 10.1521/jscp.23.6.768.54799.
15. Durkin S.J., Paxton S.J. Predictors of vulnerability to reduced body image satisfaction and psychological wellbeing in response to exposure to idealized female images in adolescent girls. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2002, 53:995-1005. 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00489-0.
16. Erlanger, S. (2009, December 2). Point, shoot, retouch and label? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/.
17. Grabe S., Ward L.M., Hyde J.S. The role of media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin 2008, 134:460-476. 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460.
18. Groesz L.M., Levine M.P., Murnen S.K. The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2002, 31:1-16. 10.1002/eat.10005.
19. Halliwell E., Dittmar H. Does size matter? The impact of model's body size on women's body-focused anxiety and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2004, 23:104-122. 10.1521/jscp.23.1.104.26989.
20. Halliwell E., Dittmar H., Howe J. The impact of advertisements featuring ultra-thin or average-size models on women with a history of eating disorders. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 2005, 15:406-413. 10.1002/casp.831.
21. Hagger M.S., Chatzisarantis N.L.D., Harris J. The process by which relative autonomous motivation affects intentional behavior: Comparing effects across dieting and exercise behaviors. Motivation and Emotion 2006, 30:307-321. 10.1007/s11031-006-9046-5.
22. Harrison, K. Virtually perfect: Image retouching and adolescent physical self-perceptions. Media Psychology, in press.
23. Hawkins N., Richards P.S., Granley H.M., Stein D.M. The impact of exposure to the thin-ideal media image on women. Eating Disorders 2004, 12:35-50. 10.1080/10640260490267751.
24. Heinberg L.J., Thompson J.K. Body image and televised images of thinness and attractiveness: A controlled laboratory investigation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1995, 14:325-338. 10.1521/jscp.1995.14.4.325.
25. Herbozo S., Thompson J.K. The effects of ambiguous appearance-related feedback on body image, mood states, and intentions to use body change strategies in college women: An experimental study. Body Image: An International Journal of Research 2010, 7:327-334. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.05.003.
26. Heymann L.A. Reading the product: Warnings, disclaimers, and literacy theory. Yale Journal of Law and Humanities 2010, 22:393-415. Retrieved from. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1619843.
27. Irving L.M. Mirror image: Effects of the standard of beauty on the self- and body-esteem of women exhibiting varying levels of bulimic symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1990, 9:230-242. 10.1521/jscp.1990.9.2.230.
28. Keery H., van den Berg P., Thompson J.K. An evaluation of the tripartite influence model of body dissatisfaction and eating disturbance with adolescent girls. Body Image: An International Journal of Research 2004, 1:237-251. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.03.001.
29. Lyubomirsky S., Nolen-Hoeksema S. Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1995, 69:176-190. 10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.176.
30. Neumark-Sztainer D., Sherwood N.E., French S.A., Jeffery R.W. Weight control behaviors among adult men and women: Cause for concern?. Obesity Research 1999, 7:179-188. 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00700.x.
31. Ogden J., Sherwood F. An evaluation of the effectiveness of an air-brushing educational intervention on body dissatisfaction. Health Education 2008, 108:489-500. 10.1108/09654280810910890.
32. Posavac H., Posavac S., Posavac E. Exposure to media images of female attractiveness and concern with body weight among young women. Sex Roles 1998, 38:187-201. 10.1023/A:1018729015490.
33. Posavac H.D., Posavac S.S., Weigel R.G. Reducing the impact of media images on women at risk for body image disturbance: Three targeted interventions. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2001, 20:324-340. 10.1521/jscp.20.3.324.22308.
34. Ridolfi D.R., Vander Wal J.S. Eating Disorders Awareness Week: The effectiveness of a one-time body image dissatisfaction prevention session. Eating Disorders 2008, 16:428-443. 10.1080/10640260802370630.
35. Rubin M., Paolini S., Crisp R.J. A processing fluency explanation of bias against migrants. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2010, 46:21-28. 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.006.
36. Slater A., Tiggemann M., Firth B., Hawkins K. Reality check: An experimental investigation of the addition of warning labels to fashion magazine images on women's mood and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2012, 31:105-122. 10.1521/jscp.2012.31.2.105.
37. Sperry S., Thompson J.K., Roehrig M., Vandello J. The influence of communicator weight on psychoeducational messages acceptance in females with high vs. low levels of body image disturbance. Eating Behaviors 2005, 6:247-258. 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.01.002.
38. Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics 2007, Allyn and Bacon, Boston. 5th ed.
39. Telegraph Media Group. (2009, September 21). French MPs want health warnings on airbrushed photographs. Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/.
40. Thompson J.K. The (mis)measurement of body image: Ten strategies to improve assessment for applied and research purposes. Body Image: An International Journal of Research 2004, 1:7-14. 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00004-4.
41. Thompson J.K., Heinberg L.J., Altabe M., Tantleff-Dunn S. Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance 1999, American Psychological Association, Washington.
42. Thompson J.K., Heinberg L., Tantleff S. The physical appearance comparison scale. Behavior Therapist 1991, 14:174.
43. Thompson J.K., Schaefer L.M., Menzel J.E. Internalization of the thin and muscular ideal. Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance 2012, 499-504. Elsevier, Oxford, UK. T.F. Cash (Ed.).
44. Thompson J.K., van den Berg P., Roehrig M., Guarda A.S., Heinberg L.J. The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3): Development and validation. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2004, 35:293-304. 10.1002/eat.10257.
45. Tiggemann M., Polivy J., Hargreaves D. The processing of thin ideals in fashion magazines: A source of social comparison or fantasy?. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2009, 28:73-93. 10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.73.
46. Tiggemann M., Slater A., Bury B., Hawkins K., Firth B. Disclaimer labels on fashion magazine advertisements: Effects on social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Body Image: An International Journal of Research 2013, 10:45-53. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.08.001.
47. Van Strien T., Frijters J.E.R., Bergers G.P.A., Defares P.B. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1986, 5:295-315. doi:10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T.
48. World Health Organization. (2003). Global database on Body Mass Index. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp%3FintroPage=intro_3.html.
49. Yamamiya Y., Cash T.F., Melnyk S.E., Posavac H.D., Posavac S.S. Women's exposure to thin-and-beautiful media images: Body image effects of media-ideal internalization and impact-reduction interventions. Body Image 2005, 2:74-80. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.11.001.
50. Zacharakis, Z. (2009, October 5). German magazine swaps thin models for real women. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-10-05/world/36828147_1_brazilian-model-thin-models-ana-carolina-reston.