Investigating the biological properties of carbohydrate derived fulvic acid (CHD-FA) as a potential novel therapy for the management of oral biofilm infections

BMC Oral Health

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Sherry, Leighann ^a   Millhouse, Emma ^a   Lappin, David F ^a   Murray, Colin ^a   Culshaw, Shauna ^a   Nile, Christopher J ^a   Ramage, Gordon ^a  

^a GLASGOW DENTAL HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antibacterial; Biofilm; Chlorhexidine; Fulvic acid; Inflammation; Periodontitis

Indexed keywords

AUTACOID; BENZOPYRAN DERIVATIVE; CHLORHEXIDINE; FULVIC ACID; INTERLEUKIN 8;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIUM; BIOFILM; BIOSYNTHESIS; CELL LINE; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG EFFECT; EPITHELIUM CELL; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; MICROBIOLOGY; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PERIODONTITIS; TOOTH PLAQUE; BACTERIA; DENTAL PLAQUE; DRUG EFFECTS; TOXICITY; TRANSFORMED CELL LINE;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BACTERIA; BENZOPYRANS; BIOFILMS; CELL LINE, TRANSFORMED; CHLORHEXIDINE; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; DENTAL PLAQUE; DOWN-REGULATION; EPITHELIAL CELLS; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMANS; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; INTERLEUKIN-8; PERIODONTITIS; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 84884493369     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726831     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-47     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Peyyala R, Ebersole JL. Multispecies biofilms and host responses: " discriminating the trees from the forest" Cytokine 2013, 61(1):15-25. 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.006, 23141757.
2. Yamakami K, Tsumori H, Sakurai Y, Shimizu Y, Nagatoshi K, Sonomoto K. Sustainable inhibition efficacy of liposome-encapsulated nisin on insoluble glucan-biofilm synthesis by streptococcus mutans. Pharm Biol 2012, 51(2):267-270.
3. Ramage G, Rajendran R, Sherry L, Williams C. Fungal biofilm resistance. Int J Microbiol 2012, 2012:528521. 3299327, 22518145.
4. Soto SM. Role of efflux pumps in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria embedded in a biofilm. Virulence 2013, 4(3):223-229. 10.4161/viru.23724, 3711980, 23380871.
5. Herrera D. Chlorhexidine mouthwash reduces plaque and gingivitis. Evid Based Dent 2013, 14(1):17-18. 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400915, 23579302.
6. Najafi MH, Taheri M, Mokhtari MR, Forouzanfar A, Farazi F, Mirzaee M, Ebrahiminik Z, Mehrara R. Comparative study of 0.2% and 0.12% digluconate chlorhexidine mouth rinses on the level of dental staining and gingival indices. Dental research journal 2012, 9(3):305-308. 3469897, 23087736.
7. Quirynen M, Avontroodt P, Peeters W, Pauwels M, Coucke W, van Steenberghe D. Effect of different chlorhexidine formulations in mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 2001, 28(12):1127-1136. 10.1034/j.1600-051X.2001.281207.x, 11737510.
8. Jones CG. Chlorhexidine: is it still the gold standard?. Periodontol 2000 1997, 15:55-62. 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00105.x, 9643233.
9. Pemberton MN, Gibson J. Chlorhexidine and hypersensitivity reactions in dentistry. Br Dent J 2012, 213(11):547-550. 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.1086, 23222325.
10. Smith K, Robertson DP, Lappin DF, Ramage G. Commercial mouthwashes are ineffective against oral MRSA biofilms. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013, 115(5):624-629. 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.12.014, 23510687.
11. Turkoglu O, Becerik S, Emingil G, Kutukculer N, Baylas H, Atilla G. The effect of adjunctive chlorhexidine mouthrinse on clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels in untreated plaque-associated gingivitis. Inflamm Res 2009, 58(5):277-283. 10.1007/s00011-008-8129-z, 19184351.
12. Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Guo Y, Xiao S. Prevalence of porphyromonas gingivalis four rag locus genotypes in patients of orthodontic gingivitis and periodontitis. PloS one 2013, 8(4):e61028. 10.1371/journal.pone.0061028, 3617233, 23593379.
13. Houri-Haddad Y, Halabi A, Soskolne WA. Inflammatory response to chlorhexidine, minocycline HCl and doxycycline HCl in an in vivo mouse model. J Clin Periodontol 2008, 35(9):783-788. 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01290.x, 18651847.
14. Ramage G, Milligan S, Lappin DF, Sherry L, Sweeney P, Williams C, Bagg J, Culshaw S. Antifungal, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory properties of tea tree oil and its derivative components: potential role in management of oral candidosis in cancer patients. Front Microbiol 2012, 3:220. 3376416, 22719736.
15. Sherry L, Jose A, Murray C, Williams C, Jones B, Millington O, Bagg J, Ramage G. Carbohydrate derived fulvic acid: an in vitro investigation of a novel membrane active antiseptic agent against Candida albicans biofilms. Front Microbiol 2012, 3:116. 3314872, 22479260.
16. Ahmad A, Khan A, Kumar P, Bhatt RP, Manzoor N. Antifungal activity of coriaria nepalensis essential oil by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candida. Yeast 2011, 28(8):611-617. 10.1002/yea.1890, 21755533.
17. Gandy JJ, Snyman JR, van Rensburg CE. Randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid in topical treatment of eczema. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2011, 4:145-148. 3173016, 21931500.
18. CLSI Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria; approved standard - eighth edition. CLSI document M11-A8, Wayne, PA: CLSI 2012, 27(2). CLSI.
19. CLSI Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard - nineth edition. CLSI document M7-A9, Wayne, PA: CLSI 2011, 26(2). CLSI.
20. Pierce CG, Uppuluri P, Tristan AR, Wormley FL, Mowat E, Ramage G, Lopez-Ribot JL. A simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms and its application to antifungal susceptibility testing. Nat Protoc 2008, 3(9):1494-1500. 10.1038/nport.2008.141, 2741160, 18772877.
21. Kirchner S, Fothergill JL, Wright EA, James CE, Mowat E, Winstanley C. Use of artificial sputum medium to test antibiotic efficacy against pseudomonas aeruginosa in conditions more relevant to the cystic fibrosis lung. Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE 2012, 64:e3857. 3471314, 22711026.
22. Pratten J, Smith AW, Wilson M. Response of single species biofilms and microcosm dental plaques to pulsing with chlorhexidine. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998, 42(4):453-459. 10.1093/jac/42.4.453, 9818743.
23. Erlandsen SL, Kristich CJ, Dunny GM, Wells CL. High-resolution visualization of the microbial glycocalyx with low-voltage scanning electron microscopy: dependence on cationic dyes. J Histochem Cytochem 2004, 52(11):1427-1435. 10.1369/jhc.4A6428.2004, 15505337.
24. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method. Methods 2001, 25(4):402-408. 10.1006/meth.2001.1262, 11846609.
25. ten Cate JM, Zaura E. The numerous microbial species in oral biofilms: how could antibacterial therapy be effective?. Adv Dent Res 2012, 24(2):108-111. 10.1177/0022034512450028, 22899691.
26. van Rensburg CE, van Straten A, Dekker J. An in vitro investigation of the antimicrobial activity of oxifulvic acid. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000, 46(5):853. 10.1093/jac/46.5.853, 11062218.
27. Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006, 19(1):50-62. 10.1128/CMR.19.1.50-62.2006, 1360273, 16418522.
28. Sabi R, Vrey P, van Rensburg CE. Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid (CHD-FA) inhibits carrageenan-induced inflammation and enhances wound healing: efficacy and toxicity study in rats. Drug Dev Res 2011, 73(1):18-23.
29. Berker E, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Blocking Pro-inflammatory cytokine release modulates peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2012, 84(9):1337-1345.
30. Peyyala R, Kirakodu SS, Novak KF, Ebersole JL. Oral epithelial cell responses to multispecies microbial biofilms. J Dent Res 2013, 92(3):235-240. 10.1177/0022034512472508, 23300185.