Optimally actuated spanwise-segmented aerodynamic effectors for rotorcraft power reduction

Annual Forum Proceedings - AHS International

Volumn 2, Issue , 2010, Pages 1897-1910

  Bae, Eui Sung ^a   Gandhi, Farhan ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS; AIRLOAD DISTRIBUTION; ANGLES OF ATTACK; GRADIENT-BASED OPTIMIZATION; POWER REDUCTIONS; POWER REQUIREMENT; PROFILE POWER; RETREATING SIDE;

AIRCRAFT; HELICOPTER ROTORS; ROTORS;

LIFT;

EID: 84884404463     PISSN: 15522938     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (29)

1. Friedmann, P. P., "Rotary Wing Aeroelasticity - Current Status and Future Trends," AIAA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 10, Oct. 2004, pp. 1953-1972.
2. McHugh, F. J., and Shaw, J., "Helicopter Vibration Reduction with Higher Harmonic Blade Pitch," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 23, (4), October 1978, pp. 26-35.
3. Miao, W., Kottapalli, S. B. R., and Frye, H.M., "Flight Demonstration of Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) on S-76," Proceedings of the 42nd AHS Forum, Washington D.C., June 2-4, 1986, pp. 777-791.
4. Walsh, D. M., "Flight Test of an Open Loop Higher Harmonic Control System on an S-76A Helicopter," Proceedings of the 42nd AHS Forum, Washington D.C., June 2-4, 1986, pp. 831-843.
5. Nguyen, K., and Chopra, I., "Application of Higher Harmonic Control to Rotors Operating at High Speed and Thrust," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 35, (3), 1990, pp. 78-89.
6. Yen, J. G., "Higher Harmonic Control for Helicopters with Two-Bladed and Four-Bladed Rotors," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 18, No. 12, pp 1064-1069.
7. Shaw, J., Albion, N., "Active Control of the Helicopter Rotor for Vibration Reduction", American Helicopter Society 36th Forum, Washington, D.C., May 1980.
8. Robinson, L. H., and Friedmann, P. P., "A Study of Fundamental Issues in Higher Harmonic Control Using Aeroelastic Simulation," Journal of American Helicopter Society, Vol. 36, (2), April 1991, pp.32-43.
9. Shaw, J., Albion, N., Hanker, E.J., and Teal, R.S., "Higher Harmonic Control: Wind Tunnel Demonstration of Fully Effective Vibratory Hub Force Suppression," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 34, (1), January 1989, pp. 14-25.
10. Nguyen, K., and Chopra, I., "Effects of Higher Harmonic Control on Rotor Performance and Control Loads," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 29, No. 3, May-June 1992, pp. 336-342.
11. Jacklin, S. A., and Nguyen, K., Blaas, A., and Richter, P., "Full-Scale Wind Tunnel test of a Helicopter Individual Blade Control System," Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 50th Annual Forum, Washington, DC, May 1994, pp. 579-596.
12. Jacklin, S.A., Nguyen, K., Richter, P., and Blaas, A., "Reduction in Helicopter BVI Noise, Vibration, and Power Consumption through Individual Blade Control," Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 51th Annual Forum, FortWorth, TX, May 1995.
13. Cheng, R. P., Theodore, C. R., and Celi, R., "Effects of Two/rev Higher Harmonic Control on Rotor Performance," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 48, No. 1, Jan. 2003, pp.18-27.
14. Cheng, R. P., and Celi, R., "Optimum Two-Per-Revolution Inputs for Improved Rotor Performance," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 42, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2005, pp. 1409-1417.
15. Kessler, C., Fuerst, D., Arnoold, U. T. P, "Open Loop Flight Test Results and Closed Loop Status of the IBC System on the CH-53G Helicopter," Proceedings of the AHS 59th Annual Forum, Phoenix, AZ, May 2003.
16. Arnold, U. T. P., "Recent IBC Flight Test Results from the CH-53G Helicopter," Proceedings of the 29th European Rotorcraft Forum, Friedrichshafen, Germany, September 2003.
17. Liu, L., Freidmann, P. P., Kim, I., and Bernstein, D., "Rotor Performance Enhancement and Vibration Reduction in Presence of Dynamic Stall Using Actively Controlled Flaps," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 53, (4), October 2008, pp. 338-350.
18. Yeo. H., "Assessment of Active Controls for Rotor Performance Enhancement," Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 53, (2), April 2008, pp. 152-163.
19. Moffitt, R. C., Bissell, J. R., "Theory and Application of Optimum Airloads to Rotor in Hover and Forward Flight," American Helicopter Society 38th Annual Forum, 1982.
20. Hall, S. R., Yang, K. Y., Hall, K. C., "Helicopter Rotor Lift Distributions for Minimum-Induced Power Loss," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 31, No. 4, July-Aug. 1994.
21. Rand, O., Khromov, V., Peyran, R. J., "Minimum-Induced Power Loss of a Helicopter Rotor via Circulation Optimization," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2004.
22. Bae, E.-S., Gandhi, F., Maughmer, M., "Optimally Scheduled Deployment of Gurney Flaps for Rotorcraft Power Reduction," Proceedings of the 65th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Grapevine, Texas, May 27-29, 2009.
23. Leon, O., Gandhi, F., "Rotor Power Reduction using Multiple Spanwise-Segmented, Optimally Actuated Trailing-Edge Flaps," Proceedings of the 35th European Rotorcraft Forum, Hamburg, Germany, September 22-25, 2009.
24. Jose, A.I., Sitarman, J., and Baeder, J.D., "An Investigation into the Aerodynamics of Trailing Edge Flap and Flap-Tab Airfoils Using CFD and Analytical Methods," 63rd Forums of the American Helicopter Society International, Virginia Beach, VA, May 1-3, 2007.
25. Duling, C. T., Gandhi, F., Baeder, J., Jose, A. I., "Analysis of CFD Predictions for the SC-1094R8 Airfoil with a Trailing Edge Flap," Submitted to the Journal of Aircraft, March 2009.
26. Leon, O., "Reducing Helicopter Main Rotor Power Requirements using Multiple Trailing Edge Flaps and Extendable Chord Sections," Master's Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 2009.
27. Steiner, J., Gandhi, F., and Yoshizaki, Y., "An Investigation of Variable Rotor RPM on Performance and Trim," Proceedings of the 64th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Montreal, Canada, April 29-May 1, 2008
28. Bluman, J., and Gandhi, F., "Reducing Trailing Edge Flap Deflection Requirements in Swashplateless Primary Control with a Moveable Horizontal Tail," Proceedings of the 65th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Grapevine, Texas, May 27-29, 2009.
29. Bir, G., et al, "University of Maryland Advanced Rotorcraft Code (UMARC) Theory Manual," UMAERO 94-18, The University of Maryland, 1994.