When observation beats doing: Learning by Teaching

ICLS 2006 - International Conference of the Learning Sciences, Proceedings

Volumn 1, Issue , 2006, Pages 509-515

  Okita, Sandra Y ^a   Schwartz, Daniel L ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEARNING BY TEACHING; LEARNING GAIN;

STUDENTS;

EID: 84884387201     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (19)

1. Anzai, Y., Simon, H. A. (1979). The Theory of Learning by Doing, Psychological Review, 86(2), 124-140.
2. Azmitia, M. (1996). Peer interactive minds: developmental, theoretical, and methodological issues. In Baltes, P. B. and Staudinger, U. M. (Eds.), Interactive Minds: Life-span perspectives on the social foundation of cognition (pp. 133-162). Cambridge University Press.
3. Barron, B. J. S., Schwartz, D. L., Vye, N. J., Moore, A., Petrosino, A., & Zech, L. et al. (1998). Doing with understanding: Lessons from research on problem-and project-based learning. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 7(3-4), 271-311.
4. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
5. Bandura, A., Jeffery, R.W. (1973). Role of symbolic coding and rehearsal processes in observational learning, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 26, 122-130.
6. Bargh, J., & Schul, Y. (1980). On the cognitive benefits of teaching. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 593-604.
7. Biswas, G., Schwartz, D.L., Bransford, J.D., & TAG-V. (2001). Technology support for complex problem solving: From SAD environments to AI. In K. Forbus & P. Feltovich (Eds.), Smart machines in education (pp.71-98). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI/MIT Press.
8. Chi, M.T.H., Silver, S.A., Jeong, H., Yamauchi, T., & Hausmann, R.G (2001). Learning from human tutoring. Cognitive Science, 25, 471-533.
9. Devin-Sheehan, L., Feldman, R. S. (1976). Research on Children Tutoring Children: A Critical Review. Review of Educational Research, 46(3), pp. 355-385.
10. Graesser, A.C., Person, N, & Magliano, J. (1995). Collaborative dialog patterns in naturalistic one-on-one tutoring. Applied Cognitive Psychologist, 9, 359-387.
11. Kafai, Y., Harel. I. (1991). Learning through design and teaching: Exploring social and collaborative aspects of constructionism. In I. Harel & S. Papert (Eds.), Constructionism. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1999.
12. Krajcik, J. (2001a). Supporting Science Learning in Context: Project Based Learning. In Tinker, R., & Krajcik, J.S. (Eds.), Portable Technologies: Science Learning in Context, Netherlands: Kluwer Publishers.
13. Krajcik, J. & Starr, M. (2001b). Learning Science Content in a Project-based Environment In Tinker, R., & Krajcik, J.S. (Eds), Portable Technologies: Science Learning in Context, Netherlands: Kluwer Publishers
14. Meltzoff, A.N. (2002). Elements of a developmental theory of imitation. In AN. Meltzoff & W. Prinz (Eds.), The Imitative Mind: Development, Evolution, and Brain Bases (pp. 19-41). Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press.
15. Palincsar, A.S., Brown, A.L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1, 117-175.
16. Schwartz, D. L., Blair, K. P., Biswas, G, Leelawong, K, & Davis, J. (in press). Animations of thought: Interactivity in the teachable agents paradigm. To appear in R. Lowe & W. Schnotz (Eds). Learning with Animation: Research and Implications for Design. UK: Cambridge University Press.
17. Slamecka, N.J., Graf, P. (1978). The generation effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 592-604.
18. Vollmeyer, R., Burns, B.D., & Holyoak, K.J. (1996). The impact of goal specificity on strategy use and the acquisition of category structure The impact of goal specificity on strategy use and the acquisition of category structure, Cognitive Science, 20: 75-100.
19. Webb, N.M. (1989). Peer interaction and learning in small groups. International Journal of Educational Research, 13, 21-39.