Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline vehicle emissions in a new mobile environmental reaction chamber

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 13, Issue 18, 2013, Pages 9141-9158

  Platt, S M ^a   El Haddad, I ^a   Zardini, A A ^b   Clairotte, M ^b   Astorga, C ^b   Wolf, R ^a   Slowik, J G ^a   Temime Roussel, B ^c   Marchand, N ^c   Jezek I ^d   Drinovec, L ^d   Mocnik G ^d   Mohler O ^e   Richter, R ^a   Barmet, P ^a   Bianchi, F ^a   Baltensperger, U ^a   Prevot A S H ^a  

^a PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^b JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Italy)

^c AIX MARSEILLE UNIV   (France)

^d Aerosol Doo ^*  (Slovenia)

^e KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AEROSOL FORMATION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; PARTICULATE MATTER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS; TRAFFIC EMISSION;

EID: 84884332168     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-9141-2013     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Ziemann, P. J., Canagaratna, M., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Metzger, A., Baltensperger, U., and Jimenez, J. L.: O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4478-4485, 2008.
2. Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hampson, R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J.: Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume I-gas phase reactions of Ox, HOx, NOxand SOx species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1461-1738, doi:10.5194/acp-4-1461-2004, 2004.
3. Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hampson, R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Rossi, M. J., Troe, J., Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II: gas phase reactions of organic species, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6, 3625-4055, 2006.
4. Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A. M., de Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., Trainer, M., Brock, C. A., Stark, H., Brown, S. S., Dube, W. P., Gilman, J. B., Gasoline emissions dominate over diesel in formation of secondary organic aerosol mass, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06805, doi:10.1029/2011GL050718, 2012.
5. Barlow, T. J., Latham, S., McCrae, P. G., and Boulter, P. G.: A reference book of driving cycles for use in the measurement of road vehicle emissions (2009), United Kingdom Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), http://www.trl.co. uk/online store/reports publications/trl reports/cat traffic and the environment/report a reference book of driving cycles for use in the measurement of road vehicle emissions.htm, (last access: 2 May 2012), 2009.
6. Barmet, P., Dommen, J., DeCarlo, P. F., Tritscher, T., Praplan, A. P., Platt, S. M., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Donahue, N. M., and Baltensperger, U.: OH clock determination by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry at an environmental chamber, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 647-656, doi:10.5194/amt-5-647- 2012, 2012.
7. Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M.,Woo, J. H., and Klimont, Z.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res. Lett., 109, D14203, doi:10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.
8. Carter, W. P. L.: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (US), Environmental chamber studies of atmospheric reactivities of volatile organic compounds: Effects of varying chamber and light source, Statewide Air Pollution Research Center, 1995.
9. Chan, A. W. H., Kautzman, K. E., Chhabra, P. S., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N., Crounse, J. D., K̈urten, A., Wennberg, P. O., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes: implications for oxidation of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3049-3060, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3049-2009, 2009.
10. Chirico, R., DeCarlo, P. F., Heringa, M. F., Tritscher, T., Richter, R., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Weingartner, E., Wehrle, G., Gysel, M., Laborde, M., and Baltensperger, U.: Impact of aftertreatment devices on primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from in-use diesel vehicles: results from smog chamber experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11545-11563, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11545-2010, 2010.
11. Chirico, R., Clairotte, M., Adam, T. W., Giechaskiel, B., Heringa, M. F., Elasser, M., Martini, G., Manfredi, U., DeCarlo, P. F., Streibel, T., Sklorz, M., Zimmermann, R. A., C., Baltensperger, U., and Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H.: Chassis dynamometer measurements of organic mass, black carbon, particle number, and regulated and unregulated gas emissions from scooters and light and heavy duty vehicles, in preparation, 2013.
12. Clairotte, M., Adam, T. W., Chirico, R., Giechaskiel, B., Manfredi, U., Elsasser, M., Sklorz, M., DeCarlo, P. F., Heringa, M. F., Zimmermann, R., Martini, G., krasenbrink, A., Vicet, A., Tournie, E., Prevot, A. S. H., and Astorga, C.: Online Characterization of Regulated and Unregulated Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Emission from Two-Stroke Mopeds: A Chemometric Approach, Anal. Chim. Acta, 44, 505-512, 2011.
13. DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281-8289, 2006.
14. Dockery, D.W. and Pope, C. A.: Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution, Ann. Rev. Pub. Health, 15, 107-132, 1994.
15. Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris Jr, B. G., and Speizer, F. E.: An association between air pollution and mortality in six US cities, New Engl. J. Med., 329, 1753-1759, 1993.
16. Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., Stanier, C. O., and Pandis, S. N.: Coupled partitioning, dilution, and chemical aging of semivolatile organics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2635-2643, 2006.
17. Donahue, N. M., Henry, K. M., Mentel, T. F., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Spindler, C., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Dorn, H. P., Fuchs, H., Tillmann, R., Wahner, A., Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.-H., Moehler, O., Leisner, T., Mueller, L., Reinnig, M.-C., Hoffmann, T., Salo, K., Hallquist, M., Frosch, M., Bilde, M., Tritscher, T., Barmet, P., Praplan, A. P., DeCarlo, P. F., Dommen, J., Prevot, A. S. H., and Baltensperger, U.: Aging of Secondary Organic Aerosol via Gas-Phase OH Radical Reactions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 13503-13508, 2012.
18. EEA: EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook, European Environment Agency, http://reports.ee.europa.eu/EMEPCORINAIR4 (last access: 2 May 2012), Technical Report 11/2006, 2006.
19. EC: European Commission Regulation No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information., Official Journal of the European Communities, L199, 2008.
20. EC: Regulated emissions of a Euro 5 passenger car measured over different driving cycles, European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Institute for Environment and Sustainability, http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/ 2010/wp29grpe/WLTP-DHC-04-03e.pdf (last access: 9 July 2012), 2010.
21. EEC: The Council of the European Communities. Council Directive 70/220/EEC of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles, Official Journal of the European Communities, L076, 1-22, 1970.
22. Gentner, D. R., Isaacman, G., Worton, D. R., Chan, A. W. H., Dallmann, T. R., Davis, L., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Wilson, K. R., Elucidating secondary organic aerosol from diesel and gasoline vehicles through detailed characterization of organic carbon emissions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109, 18318-18323, 2012.
23. Graus, M., M̈uller, M., and Hansel, A.: High Resolution PTR-TOF: Quantification and Formula Confirmation of VOC in Real Time, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1037-1044, 2010.
24. Grieshop, A. P., Logue, J. M., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Laboratory investigation of photochemical oxidation of organic aerosol from wood fires 1: measurement and simulation of organic aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1263-1277, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1263-2009, 2009.
25. Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5236, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
26. Heringa, M. F., DeCarlo, P. F., Chirico, R., Tritscher, T., Dommen, J., Weingartner, E., Richter, R., Wehrle, G., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., and Baltensperger, U.: Investigations of primary and secondary particulate matter of different wood combustion appliances with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5945-5957, doi:10.5194/acp-11-5945-2011, 2011.
27. IPCC: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ISBN 978-0-521-88009-1, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
28. Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525-1529, doi:10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
29. Johnson, T. V.: Diesel emission control in review, SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 1, 68-81, 2008.
30. Jordan, A., Haidacher, S., Hanel, G., Hartungen, E., L., M., Seehauser, H., Schottkowsky, R., Sulzer, P., and M̈ark, T. D.: A high resolution and high sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-offlight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 122-128, 2009.
31. Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D.: Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nature Chem., 3, 133-139, 2011.
32. Matthew, B. M., Middlebrook, A. M., and Onasch, T. B.: Collection efficiencies in an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer as a function of particle phase for laboratory generated aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 42, 884-898, 2008.
33. Middlebrook, A. M., Bahreini, R., Jimenez, J. L., and Canagaratna, M. R.: Evaluation of composition-dependent collection efficiencies for the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer using field data, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46, 258-271, 2012.
34. Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene, toluene, and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3909-3922, doi:10.5194/acp-7-3909-2007, 2007.
35. Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Tian, J., Ulbrich, I. M., Kroll, J. H., Docherty, K. S., Chhabra, P. S., Bahreini, R., Murphy, S. M., Seinfeld, J. H., Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Lanz, V. A., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Dinar, E., Rudich, Y., and Worsnop, D. R.: Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4625-4641, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010, 2010.
36. Nordin, E. Z., Eriksson, A. C., Roldin, P., Nilsson, P. T., Carlsson, J. E., Kajos, M. K., Helĺen, H.,Wittbom, C., Rissler, J., L̈ondahl, J., Swietlicki, E., Svenningsson, B., Bohgard, M., Kulmala, M., Hallquist, M., and Pagels, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6101-6116, doi:10.5194/acp-13-6101-2013, 2013.
37. Odum, J. R., Hoffmann, T., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol yields, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2580-2585, 1996.
38. Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, T. P. W., Griffin, R. J., Forstner, H. J. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Aromatics, reformulated gasoline, and atmospheric organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1890-1897, 1997.
39. Paulsen, D., Dommen, J., Kalberer, M., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Richter, R., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M.,Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Irradiation of 1, 3, 5-Trimethylbenzene- NO x-H2O in a New Reaction Chamber for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 2668-2678, 2005.
40. Pfaffenberger, L., Barmet, P., Slowik, J. G., Praplan, A. P., Dommen, J., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., and Baltensperger, U.: The link between organic aerosol mass loading and degree of oxygenation: an ?-pinene photooxidation study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6493-6506, doi:10.5194/acp-13-6493-2013, 2013.
41. Phuleria, H. C., Geller, M. D., Philip, M., and Sioutas, C.: Sizeresolved emissions of organic tracers from light-and heavy-duty vehicles measured in a California roadway tunnel, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 4109-4118, 2006.
42. Presto, A. A., Nguyen, N. T., Ranjan, M., Reeder, A. J., Lipsky, E. M., Hennigan, C. J., Miracolo, M. A., Riemer, D. D., and Robinson, A. L.: Fine particle and organic vapor emissions from staged tests of an in-use aircraft engine, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3603-3612, 2011.
43. Prinn, R. G., Huang, J., Weiss, R. F., Cunnold, D. M., Fraser, P. J., Simmonds, P. G., McCulloch, A., Harth, C., Salameh, P., O'Doherty, S., Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades, Science, 292, 1882-1888, 2001.
44. Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S. N.: Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259-1262, doi:10.1126/science.1133061, 2007.
45. Saathoff, H., Naumann, K. H., Schnaiter, M., Schock, W., Mohler, O., Schurath, U., Weingartner, E., Gysel, M., and Baltensperger, U.: Coating of soot and (NH4) 2SO4 particles by ozonolysis products of [alpha]-pinene, J. Aerosol Sci., 34, 1297-1321, 2003.
46. Sandradewi, J., Prevot, A. S. H., Weingartner, E., Schmidhauser, R., Gysel, M., and Baltensperger, U.: A study of wood burning and traffic aerosols in an Alpine valley using a multi-wavelength Aethalometer, Atmos. Environ., 42, 101-112, 2008.
47. Schmitz, T., Hassel, D., and Weber, F.-J.: Determination of VOCcomponents in the exhaust of gasoline and diesel passenger cars, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4639-4647, 2000.
48. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, edited by: Seinfeld, J. H., and Pandis, S. N., Wiley, p. 196, New York, 2006.
49. Song, C., Na, K., Warren, B., Malloy, Q., and Cocker, D. R.: Impact of propene on secondary organic aerosol formation from mxylene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 6990-6995, 2007.
50. Taira, M. and Kanda, Y.: Continuous generation system for lowconcentration gaseous nitrous acid, Anal. Chem., 62, 630-633, 1990.
51. Weilenmann, M., Favez, J.-Y., and Alvarez, R.: Cold-start emissions of modern passenger cars at different low ambient temperatures and their evolution over vehicle legislation categories, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2419-2429, 2009.
52. Williams, L. R., Gonzalez, L. A., Peck, J., Trimborn, D., McInnis, J., Farrar, M. R., Moore, K. D., Jayne, J. T., Robinson, W. A., Lewis, D. K., Onasch, T. B., Canagaratna, M. R., Trimborn, A., Timko, M. T., Magoon, G., Deng, R., Tang, D., de la Rosa Blanco, E., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Smith, K. A., and Worsnop, D. R.: Characterization of an aerodynamic lens for transmitting particles 1 micrometer in diameter into the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 5033-5063, doi:10.5194/amtd-6- 5033-2013, 2013.