메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 18, 2013, Pages 9577-9595

Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds-Part 1: Nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; LIDAR; MODEL VALIDATION; NITRIC ACID; NUCLEATION; POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD; SATELLITE DATA; STRATOSPHERE;

EID: 84884223049     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-9577-2013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0031153975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of HNO3 with water-ice surfaces at temperatures of the free troposphere
    • doi:10.1029/97GL01403
    • Abbatt, J. P. D.: Interaction of HNO3 with water-ice surfaces at temperatures of the free troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1479-1482, doi:10.1029/97GL01403, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.24 , pp. 1479-1482
    • Abbatt, J.P.D.1
  • 2
    • 79953240642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of orographic gravity waves on Antarctic polar stratospheric cloud occurrence and composition
    • doi:10.1029/2010JD015184
    • Alexander, S. P., Klekociuk, A. R., Pitts, M. C., McDonald, A. J., and Arevalo-Torres, A.: The effect of orographic gravity waves on Antarctic polar stratospheric cloud occurrence and composition, J. Geophys. Res., 116, 3093-3109, doi:10.1029/2010JD015184, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res , vol.116 , pp. 3093-3109
    • Alexander, S.P.1    Klekociuk, A.R.2    Pitts, M.C.3    McDonald, A.J.4    Arevalo-Torres, A.5
  • 3
    • 0028600866 scopus 로고
    • Composition and freezing of aqueous H2SO4/HNO3 solutions under polar stratosopheric conditions
    • doi:10.1029/94GL00915
    • Beyer, K. D., Seago, S. W., Chang, H. Y., and Molina, M. J.: Composition and freezing of aqueous H2SO4/HNO3 solutions under polar stratosopheric conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 871-874, doi:10.1029/94GL00915, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.21 , pp. 871-874
    • Beyer, K.D.1    Seago, S.W.2    Chang, H.Y.3    Molina, M.J.4
  • 4
    • 0034766005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonequilibrium coexistence of solid liquid particles in Arctic stratospheric clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD900188
    • Biele, J., Tsias, A., Luo, B. P., Carslaw, K. S., Neuber, R., Beyerle, G., and Peter, T.: Nonequilibrium coexistence of solid and liquid particles in Arctic stratospheric clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22 991-23 007, doi:10.1029/2001JD900188, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 22991-23007
    • Biele, J.1    Tsias, A.2    Luo, B.P.3    Carslaw, K.S.4    Neuber, R.5    Beyerle, G.6    Peter, T.7
  • 5
    • 0030159310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unsuitability of meteoritic and other nuclei for polar stratospheric cloud freezing
    • doi:10.1029/96GL01577
    • Biermann, U. M., Presper, T., Koop, T., Mossinger, J., Crutzen, P. J., and Peter, T.: The unsuitability of meteoritic and other nuclei for polar stratospheric cloud freezing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1693-1696, doi:10.1029/96GL01577, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.23 , pp. 1693-1696
    • Biermann, U.M.1    Presper, T.2    Koop, T.3    Mossinger, J.4    Crutzen, P.J.5    Peter, T.6
  • 6
    • 84867391518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle backscatter and relative humidity measured across cirrus clouds and comparison with microphysical cirrus modelling
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-9135-2012
    • Brabec, M., Wienhold, F. G., Luo, B. P., Voemel, H., Immler, F., Steiner, P., Hausammann, E., Weers, U., and Peter, T.: Particle backscatter and relative humidity measured across cirrus clouds and comparison with microphysical cirrus modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9135-9148, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9135-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.12 , pp. 9135-9148
    • Brabec, M.1    Wienhold, F.G.2    Luo, B.P.3    Voemel, H.4    Immler, F.5    Steiner, P.6    Hausammann, E.7    Weers, U.8    Peter, T.9
  • 7
    • 0028584718 scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric aerosol growth and HNO3 gas-phase depletion from coupled HNO3 and wateruptake by liquid particles
    • doi:10.1029/94GL02799
    • Carslaw, K. S., Luo, B. P., Clegg, S. L., Peter, T., Brimblecombe, P., and Crutzen, P. J.: Stratospheric aerosol growth and HNO3 gas-phase depletion from coupled HNO3 and wateruptake by liquid particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2479-2482, doi:10.1029/94GL02799, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.21 , pp. 2479-2482
    • Carslaw, K.S.1    Luo, B.P.2    Clegg, S.L.3    Peter, T.4    Brimblecombe, P.5    Crutzen, P.J.6
  • 10
    • 0022923573 scopus 로고
    • Nitric acid cloud formation in the cold Antarctic stratosphere: A major cause for the springtime 'ozone hole'
    • DOI 10.1038/324651a0
    • Crutzen, P. J. and Arnold, F.: Nitric-acid cloud formation in the cold Antarctic stratosphere-a major cause for the springtime ozone hole, Nature, 324, 651-655, doi:10.1038/324651a0, 1986. (Pubitemid 17206352)
    • (1986) Nature , vol.324 , Issue.6098 , pp. 651-655
    • Crutzen, P.J.1    Arnold, F.2
  • 14
    • 84860180838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2009-2010 Arctic stratospheric winter-general evolution mountain waves predictability of an operational weather forecast model
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-3659-2012
    • Dörnbrack, A., Pitts, M. C., Poole, L. R., Orsolini, Y. J., Nishii, K., and Nakamura, H.: The 2009-2010 Arctic stratospheric winter-general evolution, mountain waves and predictability of an operational weather forecast model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3659-3675, doi:10.5194/acp-12-3659-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.12 , pp. 3659-3675
    • Dörnbrack, A.1    Pitts, M.C.2    Poole, L.R.3    Orsolini, Y.J.4    Nishii, K.5    Nakamura, H.6
  • 15
    • 84957877465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical modeling of the 1999-2000 Arctic winter: 1. Polar stratospheric clouds denitrification dehydration
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000782
    • Drdla, K., Schoeberl, M. R., and Browell, E. V.: Microphysical modeling of the 1999-2000 Arctic winter: 1. Polar stratospheric clouds, denitrification, and dehydration, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8312, doi:10.1029/2001JD000782, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , pp. 8312
    • Drdla, K.1    Schoeberl, M.R.2    Browell, E.V.3
  • 16
    • 0026492062 scopus 로고
    • Particle-size distributions in Arctic polar stratospheric clouds growth freezing of sulfuric-acid droplets implications for cloud formation
    • Dye, J. E., Baumgardner, D., Gandrud, B. W., Kawa, S. R., Kelly, K. K., Loewenstein, M., Ferry, G., Chan, K. R., and Gary, B. L.: Particle-size distributions in Arctic polar stratospheric clouds, growth and freezing of sulfuric-acid droplets, and implications for cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8015-8034, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res , vol.97 , pp. 8015-8034
    • Dye, J.E.1    Baumgardner, D.2    Gandrud, B.W.3    Kawa, S.R.4    Kelly, K.K.5    Loewenstein, M.6    Ferry, G.7    Chan, K.R.8    Gary, B.L.9
  • 17
    • 62749198641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antarctic NAT PSC belt of June 2003: Observational validation of the mountain wave seeding hypothesis
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL036629
    • Eckermann, S. D., Hoffmann, L., Hoepfner, M., Wu, D. L., and Alexander, M. J.: Antarctic NAT PSC belt of June 2003: Observational validation of the mountain wave seeding hypothesis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02807, doi:10.1029/2008GL036629, 2009.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Eckermann, S.D.1    Hoffmann, L.2    Hoepfner, M.3    Wu, D.L.4    Alexander, M.J.5
  • 18
    • 84887479577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds-Part 2: Nucleation of ice on synoptic scales
    • doi:10.5194/acpd-13-8831-2013
    • Engel, I., Luo, B. P., Pitts, M. C., Poole, L. R., Hoyle, C. R., Grooß, J.-U., Dörnbrack, A., and Peter, T.: Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds-Part 2: Nucleation of ice on synoptic scales, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 8831-8872, doi:10.5194/acpd-13-8831-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss , vol.13 , pp. 8831-8872
    • Engel, I.1    Luo, B.P.2    Pitts, M.C.3    Poole, L.R.4    Hoyle, C.R.5    Grooß, J.-U.6    Dörnbrack, A.7    Peter, T.8
  • 19
    • 0022200761 scopus 로고
    • x interaction
    • Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G., and Shanklin, J. D.: Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction, Nature, 315, 207-210, doi:10.1038/315207a0, 1985. (Pubitemid 16265453)
    • (1985) Nature , vol.315 , Issue.6016 , pp. 207-210
    • Farman, J.C.1    Gardiner, B.G.2    Shanklin, J.D.3
  • 20
    • 0242713736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAT-rock formation by mother clouds: A microphysical model study
    • doi:10.5194/acp-2-93-2002
    • Fueglistaler, S., Luo, B.P., Voigt, C., Carslaw, K.S., and Peter, Th.: NAT-rock formation by mother clouds: a microphysical model study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 93-98, doi:10.5194/acp-2-93-2002, 2002.
    • (2002) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.2 , pp. 93-98
    • Fueglistaler, S.1    Luo, B.P.2    Voigt, C.3    Carslaw, K.S.4    Th, P.5
  • 21
    • 33749999464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale temperature fluctuations in the stratosphere
    • Gary, B. L.: Mesoscale temperature fluctuations in the stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4577-4589, doi:10.5194/acp-6-4577-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44569870)
    • (2006) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.6 , Issue.12 , pp. 4577-4589
    • Gary, B.L.1
  • 22
    • 49549095334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale temperature fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-4677-2008
    • Gary, B. L.: Mesoscale temperature fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4677-4681, doi:10.5194/acp-8- 4677-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.8 , pp. 4677-4681
    • Gary, B.L.1
  • 24
    • 0024234022 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory studies of the nitric-acid trihydrate-implications for the south polar stratosphere
    • doi:10.1029/GL015i008p00855
    • Hanson, D. and Mauersberger, K.: Laboratory studies of the nitric-acid trihydrate-implications for the south polar stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 855-858, doi:10.1029/GL015i008p00855, 1988.
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.15 , pp. 855-858
    • Hanson, D.1    Mauersberger, K.2
  • 26
    • 16444380561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of high ice crystal number densities in cirrus clouds
    • DOI 10.1175/JAS3487.1
    • Hoyle, C. R., Luo, B. P., and Peter, T.: The origin of high ice crystal number densities in cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2568-2579, doi:10.1175/JAS3487.1, 2005. (Pubitemid 41522951)
    • (2005) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.62 , Issue.7 , pp. 2568-2579
    • Hoyle, C.R.1    Luo, B.P.2    Peter, T.3
  • 28
    • 0028571989 scopus 로고
    • Growth of nitric-acid hydrates on thin sulfuric-acid films
    • doi:10.1029/94GL00916
    • Iraci, L. T., Middlebrook, A.M.,Wilson, M. A., and Tolbert, M. A.: Growth of nitric-acid hydrates on thin sulfuric-acid films, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 867-870, doi:10.1029/94GL00916, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.21 , pp. 867-870
    • Iraci, L.T.1    Middlebrook, A.M.2    Wilson, M.A.3    Tolbert, M.A.4
  • 29
    • 18144449447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing including effects of aerosol size
    • DOI 10.1029/2001JD001429
    • Kärcher, B. and Lohmann, U.: A Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing including effects of aerosol size, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4698, doi:10.1029/2001JD001429, 2002. (Pubitemid 43197281)
    • (2002) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.107 , Issue.23 , pp. 91-910
    • Karcher, B.1    Lohmann, U.2
  • 30
    • 0038452395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homogeneous nucleation of NAD and NAT in liquid stratospheric aerosols: Insufficient to explain denitrification
    • doi:10.5194/acp-2-207-2002
    • Knopf, D. A., Koop, T., Luo, B. P., Weers, U. G., and Peter, T.: Homogeneous nucleation of NAD and NAT in liquid stratospheric aerosols: insufficient to explain denitrification, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 207-214, doi:10.5194/acp-2-207-2002, 2002.
    • (2002) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.2 , pp. 207-214
    • Knopf, D.A.1    Koop, T.2    Luo, B.P.3    Weers, U.G.4    Peter, T.5
  • 31
    • 0029542818 scopus 로고
    • Do stratospheric aerosol droplets freeze above the ice frost point?
    • DOI 10.1029/95GL00814
    • Koop, T., Biermann, U. M., Raber, W., Luo, B. P., Crutzen, P. J., and Peter, T.: Do stratospheric aerosol droplets freeze above the ice frost point, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 917-920, doi:10.1029/95GL00814, 1995. (Pubitemid 26438205)
    • (1995) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.22 , Issue.8 , pp. 917-920
    • Koop, T.1    Biermann, U.M.2    Raber, W.3    Luo, B.P.4    Crutzen, P.J.5    Peter, T.6
  • 32
    • 0034632905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions
    • DOI 10.1038/35020537
    • Koop, T., Luo, B. P., Tsias, A., and Peter, T.: Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions, Nature, 406, 611-614, 2000. (Pubitemid 30641044)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , Issue.6796 , pp. 611-614
    • Koop, T.1    Luo, B.2    Tsias, A.3    Peter, T.4
  • 34
    • 1342291198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme NAT supersaturations in mountain wave ice PSCs: A clue to NAT formation
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD003104
    • Luo, B. P., Voigt, C., Fueglistaler, S., and Peter, T.: Extreme NAT supersaturations in mountain wave ice PSCs: A clue to NAT formation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4441, doi:10.1029/2002JD003104, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , pp. 4441
    • Luo, B.P.1    Voigt, C.2    Fueglistaler, S.3    Peter, T.4
  • 35
    • 21244497747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large nitric acid trihydrate particles and denitrification caused by mountain waves in the Arctic stratosphere
    • DOI 10.1029/2004JD005271, D08202
    • Mann, G. W., Carslaw, K. S., Chipperfield, M. P., Davies, S., and Eckermann, S. D.: Large nitric acid trihydrate particles and denitrification caused by mountain waves in the Arctic stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08202, doi:10.1029/2004JD005271, 2005. (Pubitemid 40899646)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.110 , Issue.8 , pp. 1-12
    • Mann, G.W.1    Carslaw, K.S.2    Chipperfield, M.P.3    Davies, S.4    Eckermann, S.D.5
  • 36
    • 35148876676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of immersion mode ice nucleation on surrogates of mineral dust
    • Marcolli, C., Gedamke, S., Peter, T., and Zobrist, B.: Efficiency of immersion mode ice nucleation on surrogates of mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5081-5091, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5081-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47542244)
    • (2007) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.7 , Issue.19 , pp. 5081-5091
    • Marcolli, C.1    Gedamke, S.2    Peter, T.3    Zobrist, B.4
  • 38
    • 0029479636 scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent stratospheric droplet composition in lee wave temperature fluctuations and their potential role in PSC freezing
    • DOI 10.1029/95GL03056
    • Meilinger, S. K., Koop, T., Luo, B. P., Huthwelker, T., Carslaw, K. S., Krieger, U., Crutzen, P. J., and Peter, T.: Size-dependent stratospheric droplet composition in lee wave temperature fluctuations and their potential role in PSC freezing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3031-3034, doi:10.1029/95GL03056, 1995. (Pubitemid 26446201)
    • (1995) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.22 , Issue.22 , pp. 3031-3034
    • Meilinger, S.K.1
  • 39
    • 0028565710 scopus 로고
    • Real refractive-indexes of infraredcharacterized nitric-acid ice films-implications for optical measurements of polar stratospheric clouds
    • doi:10.1029/94JD02391
    • Middlebrook, A. M., Berland, B. S., George, S. M., Tolbert, M. A., and Toon, O. B.: Real refractive-indexes of infraredcharacterized nitric-acid ice films-implications for optical measurements of polar stratospheric clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25655-25666, doi:10.1029/94JD02391, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res , vol.99 , pp. 25655-25666
    • Middlebrook, A.M.1    Berland, B.S.2    George, S.M.3    Tolbert, M.A.4    Toon, O.B.5
  • 40
    • 84933456419 scopus 로고
    • Light-scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetrical particles
    • doi:10.1364/JOSAA.8.000871
    • Mishchenko, M. I.: Light-scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetrical particles, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 8, 871-882, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.8. 000871, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.8 , pp. 871-882
    • Mishchenko, M.I.1
  • 41
    • 0027789923 scopus 로고
    • 2O system: Implications for polar stratospheric clouds
    • Molina, M. J., Zhang, R., Wooldridge, P. J., Mcmahon, J. R., Kim, J. E., Chang, H. Y., and Beyer, K. D.: Physical chemistry of the H2SO4/HNO3/H2O system-implications for polar stratospheric clouds, Science, 261, 1418-1423, doi:10.1126/science.261.5127.1418, 1993. (Pubitemid 24395367)
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , Issue.5127 , pp. 1418-1423
    • Molina, M.J.1
  • 42
    • 34548079613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbonaceous material in aerosol particles in the lower stratosphere and tropopause region
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JD007297
    • Murphy, D. M., Cziczo, D. J., Hudson, P. K., and Thomson, D. S.: Carbonaceous material in aerosol particles in the lower stratosphere and tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D04203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007297, 2007. (Pubitemid 47489835)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.112 , Issue.4
    • Murphy, D.M.1    Cziczo, D.J.2    Hudson, P.K.3    Thomson, D.S.4
  • 43
    • 2642540066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence against mountain-wave generation of ice nuclei as a prerequisite for the formation of three solid nitric acid polar stratospheric clouds observed in the Arctic in early December 1999
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003846
    • Pagan, K. L., Tabazadeh, A., Drdla, K., Hervig, M. E., Eckermann, S. D., Browell, E. V., Legg, M. J., and Foschi, P. G.: Observational evidence against mountain-wave generation of ice nuclei as a prerequisite for the formation of three solid nitric acid polar stratospheric clouds observed in the Arctic in early December 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04312, doi:10.1029/2003JD003846, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Pagan, K.L.1    Tabazadeh, A.2    Drdla, K.3    Hervig, M.E.4    Eckermann, S.D.5    Browell, E.V.6    Legg, M.J.7    Foschi, P.G.8
  • 44
    • 84908022296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric ozone depletion climate change
    • Chapter 4: Polar Stratospheric Clouds Sulfate Aerosol Particles: Microphysics Denitrification Heterogeneous Chemistry doi:10.1039/9781849733182- 00108
    • Peter, T. and Grooß, J.-U.: Chapter 4: Polar Stratospheric Clouds and Sulfate Aerosol Particles: Microphysics, Denitrification and Heterogeneous Chemistry, in: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 108-144, doi:10.1039/9781849733182-00108, 2012.
    • (2012) The Royal Society of Chemistry , pp. 108-144
    • Peter Grooß T, J.-U.1
  • 45
    • 84863888212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleation efficiency of clay minerals in the immersion mode
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-5859-2012
    • Pinti, V., Marcolli, C., Zobrist, B., Hoyle, C. R., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation efficiency of clay minerals in the immersion mode, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5859-5878, doi:10.5194/acp-12-5859-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.12 , pp. 5859-5878
    • Pinti, V.1    Marcolli, C.2    Zobrist, B.3    Hoyle, C.R.4    Peter, T.5
  • 46
    • 70450202453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CALIPSO polar stratospheric cloud observations: Second-generation detection algorithm and composition discrimination
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-7577-2009
    • Pitts, M. C., Poole, L. R., and Thomason, L. W.: CALIPSO polar stratospheric cloud observations: second-generation detection algorithm and composition discrimination, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7577-7589, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7577-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.9 , pp. 7577-7589
    • Pitts, M.C.1    Poole, L.R.2    Thomason, L.W.3
  • 47
    • 79952422106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2009-2010 Arctic polar stratospheric cloud season: A CALIPSO perspective
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-2161-2011
    • Pitts, M. C., Poole, L. R., Doernbrack, A., and Thomason, L. W.: The 2009-2010 Arctic polar stratospheric cloud season: a CALIPSO perspective, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2161-2177, doi:10.5194/acp-11-2161-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.11 , pp. 2161-2177
    • Pitts, M.C.1    Poole, L.R.2    Doernbrack, A.3    Thomason, L.W.4
  • 48
    • 0029775924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the reactivity of Type I polar stratospheric clouds depending on their phase
    • DOI 10.1029/95JD03009
    • Ravishankara, A. R. and Hanson, D. R.: Differences in the reactivity of Type I polar stratospheric clouds depending on their phase, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3885-3890, doi:10.1029/95JD03009, 1996. (Pubitemid 26472499)
    • (1996) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.101 , Issue.D2 , pp. 3885-3890
    • Ravishankara, A.R.1    Hanson, D.R.2
  • 49
    • 0024200188 scopus 로고
    • Influence of polar stratospheric clouds on the depletion of Antarctic ozone
    • doi:10.1029/GL015i008p00871
    • Salawitch, R. J., Wofsy, S. C., and Mcelroy, M. B.: Influence of polar stratospheric clouds on the depletion of Antarctic ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 871-874, doi:10.1029/GL015i008p00871, 1988.
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.15 , pp. 871-874
    • Salawitch, R.J.1    Wofsy, S.C.2    McElroy, M.B.3
  • 51
    • 0022460889 scopus 로고
    • On the depletion of Antarctic ozone
    • Solomon, S., Garcia, R. R., Rowland, F. S., and Wuebbles, D. J.: On the depletion of Antarctic ozone, Nature, 321, 755-758, doi:10.1038/321755a0, 1986. (Pubitemid 16077899)
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , Issue.6072 , pp. 755-758
    • Solomon, S.1    Garcia, R.R.2    Rowland, F.S.3    Wuebbles, D.J.4
  • 52
    • 0037206726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory evidence for surface nucleation of solid polar stratospheric cloud particles
    • DOI 10.1021/jp021045k
    • Tabazadeh, A., Djikaev, Y. S., Hamill, P., and Reiss, H.: Laboratory evidence for surface nucleation of solid polar stratospheric cloud particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 10238-10246, doi:10.1021/jp021045k, 2002. (Pubitemid 35313803)
    • (2002) Journal of Physical Chemistry A , vol.106 , Issue.43 , pp. 10238-10246
    • Tabazadeh, A.1    Djikaev, Y.S.2    Hamill, P.3    Reiss, H.4
  • 53
    • 0023025738 scopus 로고
    • 3 and HCl in the winter polar stratospheres
    • Toon, O. B., Hamill, P., Turco, R. P., and Pinto, J.: Condensation of HNO3 and HCl in the winter polar stratospheres, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1284-1287, doi:10.1029/GL013i012p01284, 1986. (Pubitemid 17213252)
    • (1986) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 1284-1287
    • Toon, O.B.1    Hamill, P.2    Turco, R.P.3    Pinto, J.4
  • 57
    • 0033589126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelguided Lagrangian observation and simulation of mountain polar stratospheric clouds
    • doi:10.1029/1998JD100095
    • Wirth, M., Tsias, A., Dornbrack, A., Weiss, V., Carslaw, K. S., Leutbecher, M., Renger, W., Volkert, H., and Peter, T.: Modelguided Lagrangian observation and simulation of mountain polar stratospheric clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23971-23981, doi:10.1029/1998JD100095, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res , vol.104 , pp. 23971-23981
    • Wirth, M.1    Tsias, A.2    Dornbrack, A.3    Weiss, V.4    Carslaw, K.S.5    Leutbecher, M.6    Renger, W.7    Volkert, H.8    Peter, T.9


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.