메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 310, Issue , 2013, Pages 300-311

Stand recovery and self-organization following large-scale mountain pine beetle induced canopy mortality in northern forests

Author keywords

Mountain pine beetle; Radial growth; Regeneration; Stand recovery

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE; NATURAL REGENERATION; RADIAL GROWTH; REGENERATION; REGENERATION DYNAMICS; SECONDARY STRUCTURES; SPECIES COMPOSITION;

EID: 84884215770     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.037     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 54049111338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment limitation in forests: Lessons from an unprecedented mountain pine beetle epidemic
    • Astrup R., Coates K.D., Hall E. Recruitment limitation in forests: Lessons from an unprecedented mountain pine beetle epidemic. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 256:1743-1750.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.256 , pp. 1743-1750
    • Astrup, R.1    Coates, K.D.2    Hall, E.3
  • 2
    • 63049120685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of fire and mountain pine beetle on the dynamics of lodgepole pine stands in British Columbia, Canada
    • Axelson J.N., Alfaro R.I., Hawkes B.C. Influence of fire and mountain pine beetle on the dynamics of lodgepole pine stands in British Columbia, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 2009, 257:1874-1882.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.257 , pp. 1874-1882
    • Axelson, J.N.1    Alfaro, R.I.2    Hawkes, B.C.3
  • 3
    • 77949404001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in stand structure in uneven-aged lodgepole pine stands impacted by mountain pine beetle and fires in central British Columbia
    • Axelson J.N., Alfaro R.I., Hawkes B.C. Changes in stand structure in uneven-aged lodgepole pine stands impacted by mountain pine beetle and fires in central British Columbia. For. Chron. 2010, 86:87-99.
    • (2010) For. Chron. , vol.86 , pp. 87-99
    • Axelson, J.N.1    Alfaro, R.I.2    Hawkes, B.C.3
  • 4
    • 84884256636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B.C. Ministry of Forests and Range. Timber Supply and the Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation in British Columbia 2007 Update. Forest Analysis and inventory Branch, Victoria, BC (accessed 27.03.13). <>.
    • B.C. Ministry of Forests and Range, 2007. Timber Supply and the Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation in British Columbia 2007 Update. Forest Analysis and inventory Branch, Victoria, BC (accessed 27.03.13). <>. http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/Pine_Beetle_Update20070917.pdf.
    • (2007)
  • 5
    • 0026312871 scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes of western larch - lodgepole pine forests in Glacier National Park, Montana
    • Barrett S.W., Arno S.F., Key C.H. Fire regimes of western larch - lodgepole pine forests in Glacier National Park, Montana. Can. J. For. Res. 1991, 21:1711-1720.
    • (1991) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 1711-1720
    • Barrett, S.W.1    Arno, S.F.2    Key, C.H.3
  • 6
    • 0001371526 scopus 로고
    • Spruce budworm: super Silviculturist
    • Baskerville G.L. Spruce budworm: super Silviculturist. For. Chron. 1975, 51:138-140.
    • (1975) For. Chron. , vol.51 , pp. 138-140
    • Baskerville, G.L.1
  • 7
    • 84863407580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual vegetation importance to net CO2 uptake in pine-dominated stands following mountain pine beetle attack in British Columbia, Canada
    • Bowler R., Fredeen A.L., Brown M., Black T.A. Residual vegetation importance to net CO2 uptake in pine-dominated stands following mountain pine beetle attack in British Columbia, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 2012, 269:82-91.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.269 , pp. 82-91
    • Bowler, R.1    Fredeen, A.L.2    Brown, M.3    Black, T.A.4
  • 8
    • 84884246076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle: a synthesis of the ecological consequences of large-scale disturbances on sustainable forest management, with emphasis on biodiversity. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-426
    • Bunnell, F.L., Kremsater, L.L., Houde, I., 2011. Mountain pine beetle: a synthesis of the ecological consequences of large-scale disturbances on sustainable forest management, with emphasis on biodiversity. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Information Report BC-X-426, 112 p.
    • (2011) , pp. 112
    • Bunnell, F.L.1    Kremsater, L.L.2    Houde, I.3
  • 9
    • 3042602359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neighbourhood analysis of canopy tree competition: effects of shading versus crowding
    • Canham C.D., LePage P., Coates K.D. A neighbourhood analysis of canopy tree competition: effects of shading versus crowding. Can. J. For. Res. 2004, 34:778-787.
    • (2004) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 778-787
    • Canham, C.D.1    LePage, P.2    Coates, K.D.3
  • 10
    • 0033305913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of planted tree seedlings in response to ambient light levels in northwestern interior cedar - hemlock forests of British Columbia
    • Coates K.D., Burton P.J. Growth of planted tree seedlings in response to ambient light levels in northwestern interior cedar - hemlock forests of British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 1999, 29:1374-1382.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 1374-1382
    • Coates, K.D.1    Burton, P.J.2
  • 11
    • 84884233452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundances of Secondary Structure in Lodgepole Pine Stands Affected by the Mountain Pine Beetle. BC Ministry of Forests and Range, Report to Chief Forester
    • Coates, K.D., Delong, C., Burton, P.J., Sachs, D.L., 2006. Abundances of Secondary Structure in Lodgepole Pine Stands Affected by the Mountain Pine Beetle. BC Ministry of Forests and Range, Report to Chief Forester. <>. http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/stewardship/.
    • (2006)
    • Coates, K.D.1    Delong, C.2    Burton, P.J.3    Sachs, D.L.4
  • 12
    • 84884214665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundance of secondary structure in lodgepole pine stands affected by the mountain pine beetle in the Cariboo-Chilcotin. Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Mountain Pine Beetle Working Paper 2009-20
    • Coates, K.D., Glover, T., Henderson, B., 2009. Abundance of secondary structure in lodgepole pine stands affected by the mountain pine beetle in the Cariboo-Chilcotin. Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Mountain Pine Beetle Working Paper 2009-20. 47 p. <>. http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/31195.pdf.
    • (2009) , pp. 47
    • Coates, K.D.1    Glover, T.2    Henderson, B.3
  • 13
    • 84876695245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive interactions across a soil fertility gradient in a multispecies forest. Journal of Ecology
    • Coates, K.D., Lilles, E.B., Astrup, R., 2013. Competitive interactions across a soil fertility gradient in a multispecies forest. Journal of Ecology <>. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12072.
    • (2013)
    • Coates, K.D.1    Lilles, E.B.2    Astrup, R.3
  • 14
    • 84884277777 scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle dynamics in lodgepole pine forests. Part I: Course of an infestation. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-89
    • Cole, W. E., Amman, G. D., 1980. Mountain pine beetle dynamics in lodgepole pine forests. Part I: Course of an infestation. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-89, 56 p.
    • (1980) , pp. 56
    • Cole, W.E.1    Amman, G.D.2
  • 15
    • 78650438502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-harvest seedling recruitment following mountain pine beetle infestation of Colorado lodgepole pine stands: a comparison using historic survey records
    • Collins B.J., Rhoades C.C., Underhill J., Hubbard R.M. Post-harvest seedling recruitment following mountain pine beetle infestation of Colorado lodgepole pine stands: a comparison using historic survey records. Can. J. For. Res. 2010, 40:2452-2456.
    • (2010) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.40 , pp. 2452-2456
    • Collins, B.J.1    Rhoades, C.C.2    Underhill, J.3    Hubbard, R.M.4
  • 17
    • 79953900518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest developmental trajectories in mountain pine beetle disturbed forests of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
    • Diskin M., Rocca M.E., Nelson K.N., Aoki C.F., Romme W.H. Forest developmental trajectories in mountain pine beetle disturbed forests of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Can. J. For. Res. 2011, 41:782-792.
    • (2011) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.41 , pp. 782-792
    • Diskin, M.1    Rocca, M.E.2    Nelson, K.N.3    Aoki, C.F.4    Romme, W.H.5
  • 19
    • 71649106633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the utility of advance regeneration for reforestation and timber production in unsalvaged stands killed by the mountain pine beetle: controlling factors and management implications
    • Griesbauer H., Green S. Examining the utility of advance regeneration for reforestation and timber production in unsalvaged stands killed by the mountain pine beetle: controlling factors and management implications. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 2006, 7:81-92.
    • (2006) BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management , vol.7 , pp. 81-92
    • Griesbauer, H.1    Green, S.2
  • 20
    • 0041947279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA
    • Grissino-Mayer H.D. Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA. Tree-Ring Res. 2001, 57:205-221.
    • (2001) Tree-Ring Res. , vol.57 , pp. 205-221
    • Grissino-Mayer, H.D.1
  • 21
    • 33746837455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of mountain pine beetle on stand dynamics in British Columbia
    • Shore, T.L., Brooks, J.E., Stone, J.E., (Eds.), Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, October 30-31, 2003, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Information Report BC-X-399
    • Hawkes, B.C., Taylor, S.W., Stockdale, C., Shore, T.L., Alfaro, R.I., Campbell, R.A., Vera, P., 2004. Impact of mountain pine beetle on stand dynamics in British Columbia. In: Shore, T.L., Brooks, J.E., Stone, J.E., (Eds.), Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, October 30-31, 2003, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Information Report BC-X-399. 298 p.
    • (2004) , pp. 298
    • Hawkes, B.C.1    Taylor, S.W.2    Stockdale, C.3    Shore, T.L.4    Alfaro, R.I.5    Campbell, R.A.6    Vera, P.7
  • 22
    • 84861002661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual mature trees and secondary stand structure after mountain pine beetle attack in central British Columbia
    • Hawkins C.D.B., Dhar A., Balliet N.A., Runzer K.D. Residual mature trees and secondary stand structure after mountain pine beetle attack in central British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manage. 2012, 277:107-115.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.277 , pp. 107-115
    • Hawkins, C.D.B.1    Dhar, A.2    Balliet, N.A.3    Runzer, K.D.4
  • 23
    • 0002798408 scopus 로고
    • Growth response in a Douglas-fir/lodgepole pine stand after thinning of lodgepole pine by the mountain pine beetle: a case study
    • Heath R., Alfaro R. Growth response in a Douglas-fir/lodgepole pine stand after thinning of lodgepole pine by the mountain pine beetle: a case study. J. Entomol. Soc. BC 1990, 87:16-21.
    • (1990) J. Entomol. Soc. BC , vol.87 , pp. 16-21
    • Heath, R.1    Alfaro, R.2
  • 24
    • 0002930959 scopus 로고
    • Users manual for program COFECHA
    • Holmes, R.L., Adams, R, K., Fritts, H.C. (Eds.), Tree - ring chronologies of western North America: California, eastern Oregon, and northern Great Basin. Laboratory of Tree-ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson
    • Holmes, R.L., 1986. Users manual for program COFECHA. In: Holmes, R.L., Adams, R, K., Fritts, H.C. (Eds.), Tree - ring chronologies of western North America: California, eastern Oregon, and northern Great Basin. Laboratory of Tree-ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, pp. 41-49.
    • (1986) , pp. 41-49
    • Holmes, R.L.1
  • 25
    • 84884231539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Program JOLTS: finding growth surges or suppressions in trees, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, The University of Arizona
    • Holmes, RL., 1999. Program JOLTS: finding growth surges or suppressions in trees, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, The University of Arizona.
    • (1999)
    • Holmes, R.L.1
  • 26
    • 0024900366 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics in lodgepole pine-Engelmann spruce forests
    • Johnson E.A., Fryer G.I. Population dynamics in lodgepole pine-Engelmann spruce forests. Ecology 1989, 70:1335-1345.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1335-1345
    • Johnson, E.A.1    Fryer, G.I.2
  • 27
    • 0001937953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Métodos dendroecológicos y sus aplicaciones en estudios de dini{ogonek}mica de bosques templados de Sudamérica
    • Roig, F.A., (comp), Dendrocronología en América Latina EDIUNC, Mendoza
    • Kitzberger, T., Veblen, T.T., Villalba, R., 2000. Métodos dendroecológicos y sus aplicaciones en estudios de dini{ogonek}mica de bosques templados de Sudamérica. In: Roig, F.A., (comp), Dendrocronología en América Latina EDIUNC, Mendoza, pp. 17-78.
    • (2000) , pp. 17-78
    • Kitzberger, T.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Villalba, R.3
  • 28
    • 0023528784 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of standard and actual tree growth trends for deciduous and coniferous species in New Hampshire
    • Leak W. Comparison of standard and actual tree growth trends for deciduous and coniferous species in New Hampshire. Can. J. For. Res. 1987, 17:1297-1300.
    • (1987) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 1297-1300
    • Leak, W.1
  • 29
    • 0034127458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed abundance versus substrate limitation of seedling recruitment in northern temperate forests of British Columbia
    • LePage P., Canham C.D., Coates K.D., Bartemucci P. Seed abundance versus substrate limitation of seedling recruitment in northern temperate forests of British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 2000, 30:415-427.
    • (2000) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 415-427
    • LePage, P.1    Canham, C.D.2    Coates, K.D.3    Bartemucci, P.4
  • 32
    • 84874373367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle attack in newly invaded Alberta stands
    • McIntosh A.C.S., Macdonald S.E. Potential for lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle attack in newly invaded Alberta stands. For. Ecol. Manage. 2013, 295:11-19.
    • (2013) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.295 , pp. 11-19
    • McIntosh, A.C.S.1    Macdonald, S.E.2
  • 33
    • 84884261797 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report Series No. 6, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, Victoria, B.C
    • Meidinger, D., Pojar, J., (Eds.), 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report Series No. 6, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, Victoria, B.C.
    • (1991)
    • Meidinger, D.1    Pojar, J.2
  • 36
    • 84884216013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review and Synthesis of Regeneration Methods in Beetle-Killed Stands Following Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) Attack: A Literature Review. Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative, Working Paper 2005-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada
    • Mitchell, J.M., 2005. Review and Synthesis of Regeneration Methods in Beetle-Killed Stands Following Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) Attack: A Literature Review. Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative, Working Paper 2005-16. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada.
    • (2005)
    • Mitchell, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 55549096760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density and distribution of advance regeneration in mountain pine beetle killed lodgepole pine stands of the Montane Spruce zone of southern British Columbia
    • Nigh G.D., Antos J.A., Parsih R. Density and distribution of advance regeneration in mountain pine beetle killed lodgepole pine stands of the Montane Spruce zone of southern British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 2008, 38:2826-2836.
    • (2008) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 2826-2836
    • Nigh, G.D.1    Antos, J.A.2    Parsih, R.3
  • 38
    • 0031284512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories for presettlement-origin Oaks
    • Nowacki G.J., Abrams M.D. Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories for presettlement-origin Oaks. Ecol. Monographs 1997, 67:225-249.
    • (1997) Ecol. Monographs , vol.67 , pp. 225-249
    • Nowacki, G.J.1    Abrams, M.D.2
  • 39
    • 84863470003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty year change in lodgepole and lodgepole/mixed conifer forest structure following 1980s mountain pine beetle outbreak in western Colorado
    • Pelz K.A., Smith F.W. Thirty year change in lodgepole and lodgepole/mixed conifer forest structure following 1980s mountain pine beetle outbreak in western Colorado. USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 2012, 280:93-102.
    • (2012) USA. For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.280 , pp. 93-102
    • Pelz, K.A.1    Smith, F.W.2
  • 40
    • 0022854147 scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountains: regulators of primary productivity?
    • Romme W.H., Knight D.H., Yavitt J.B. Mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountains: regulators of primary productivity?. American Naturalist 1986, 127:484-494.
    • (1986) American Naturalist , vol.127 , pp. 484-494
    • Romme, W.H.1    Knight, D.H.2    Yavitt, J.B.3
  • 41
    • 84858218534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An individual-based process model to simulate landscape-scale forest ecosystem dynamics
    • Seidl R., Rammer W., Scheller R.M., Spies T.A. An individual-based process model to simulate landscape-scale forest ecosystem dynamics. Ecol. Modell. 2012, 231:87-100.
    • (2012) Ecol. Modell. , vol.231 , pp. 87-100
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Scheller, R.M.3    Spies, T.A.4
  • 42
    • 84865717216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendroecological reconstruction of 1980s mountain pine beetle outbreak in lodgepole pine forests in northwestern Colorado
    • Smith J.M., Hart S.J., Chapman T.B., Veblen T.T., Schoennagel T. Dendroecological reconstruction of 1980s mountain pine beetle outbreak in lodgepole pine forests in northwestern Colorado. Ecoscience 2012, 19:113-126.
    • (2012) Ecoscience , vol.19 , pp. 113-126
    • Smith, J.M.1    Hart, S.J.2    Chapman, T.B.3    Veblen, T.T.4    Schoennagel, T.5
  • 44
    • 34948896390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new dendroecological method to differentiate growth responses to fine-scale disturbance from regional-scale environmental variation
    • Thompson D.R., Daniels L.D., Lewis K.J. A new dendroecological method to differentiate growth responses to fine-scale disturbance from regional-scale environmental variation. Can. J. For. Res. 2007, 37:1034-1043.
    • (2007) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 1034-1043
    • Thompson, D.R.1    Daniels, L.D.2    Lewis, K.J.3
  • 45
    • 0026012673 scopus 로고
    • Methods of detecting past spruce beetle outbreaks in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests
    • Veblen T.T., Hadley K.S., Reid M.S., Rebertus A.J. Methods of detecting past spruce beetle outbreaks in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Can. J. For. Res. 1991, 21:242-254.
    • (1991) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 242-254
    • Veblen, T.T.1    Hadley, K.S.2    Reid, M.S.3    Rebertus, A.J.4
  • 46
    • 71649116203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration beneath lodgepole pine dominated stands attacked or threatened by the mountain pine beetle in the south central Interior, British Columbia
    • Vyse A., Ferguson C., Huggard D.J., Roach J., Zimonick B. Regeneration beneath lodgepole pine dominated stands attacked or threatened by the mountain pine beetle in the south central Interior, British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manage. 2009, 258:36-43.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.258 , pp. 36-43
    • Vyse, A.1    Ferguson, C.2    Huggard, D.J.3    Roach, J.4    Zimonick, B.5
  • 47
    • 84884265855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provincial-Level Projection of the Current Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak: Update of the infestation projection based on the Provincial Aerial Overview Surveys of Forest Health conducted from 1999 through 2011 and the BCMPB model (year 9). BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Victoria, BC
    • Walton, A., 2012. Provincial-Level Projection of the Current Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak: Update of the infestation projection based on the Provincial Aerial Overview Surveys of Forest Health conducted from 1999 through 2011 and the BCMPB model (year 9). BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Victoria, BC. <>. http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/bcmpb/Year9.htm.
    • (2012)
    • Walton, A.1
  • 48
    • 84884223252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A silvicultural assessment of 10 lodgepole pine stands after partial cutting to reduce susceptibility to mountain pine beetle. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Victoria, B.C. Information Report FI-X-001
    • Whitehead, R.J., Russo, G., Hawkes, B.C., Armitage, O.B., 2007. A silvicultural assessment of 10 lodgepole pine stands after partial cutting to reduce susceptibility to mountain pine beetle. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Victoria, B.C. Information Report FI-X-001. 48 p.
    • (2007) , pp. 48
    • Whitehead, R.J.1    Russo, G.2    Hawkes, B.C.3    Armitage, O.B.4
  • 49
    • 84891555939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow accumulation and ablation response to changes in forest structure and snow surface albedo after attack by mountain pine beetle
    • Winkler R., Boon S., Zimonick B., Spittlehouse D. Snow accumulation and ablation response to changes in forest structure and snow surface albedo after attack by mountain pine beetle. Hydrol. Process. 2012, 24:803-812.
    • (2012) Hydrol. Process. , vol.24 , pp. 803-812
    • Winkler, R.1    Boon, S.2    Zimonick, B.3    Spittlehouse, D.4
  • 51
    • 0031741303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species variability in growth response to light across a climatic gradient in northwestern British Columbia
    • Wright E.F., Coates K.D., Canham C.D., Bartemucci P. Species variability in growth response to light across a climatic gradient in northwestern British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 1998, 28:871-886.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 871-886
    • Wright, E.F.1    Coates, K.D.2    Canham, C.D.3    Bartemucci, P.4
  • 52
    • 0033693165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of suppression and release on sapling growth for eleven tree species of northern, interior British Columbia
    • Wright E.F., Canham C.D., Coates K.D. Effects of suppression and release on sapling growth for eleven tree species of northern, interior British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 2000, 30:1571-1580.
    • (2000) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 1571-1580
    • Wright, E.F.1    Canham, C.D.2    Coates, K.D.3
  • 53
    • 84884215613 scopus 로고
    • Coming of age in the Flathead: How the British Columbia Forest Service contended with the mountain pine beetle infestation of southeastern British Columbia 1976-1986. Pest Manage. Rep. 10, BC Min. For., Victoria, BC
    • Young, C., 1988. Coming of age in the Flathead: How the British Columbia Forest Service contended with the mountain pine beetle infestation of southeastern British Columbia 1976-1986. Pest Manage. Rep. 10, BC Min. For., Victoria, BC.
    • (1988)
    • Young, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.