Rabies in Terrestrial Animals

Rabies

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 179-213

  Hanlon, Cathleen A ^a  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal translocation; Cats; Cattle; Clinical signs; Coyotes; Domestic dog; Donkey; Foxes; Global travel; Horses; Jackals; Lagomorphs; Marsupials; Mongooses; Pathogenesis; Preventive education; Rabies virus variants; Raccoons; Reservoir species; Rodents; Skunks; Spillover species; Susceptibility; Vector species; Wolves

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884031804     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-396547-9.00005-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (139)

1. Akira S., Uematsu S., Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 2006, 124(4):783-801.
2. Andral L., Artois M., Aubert M.F., Blancou J. Radio-tracking of rabid foxes. Comparative Immunology and Microbiology of Infectious Diseases 1982, 5(1-3):285-291.
3. Anonymous Rabies in a llama-Oklahoma. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1990, 39(12):203-204.
4. Anonymous Human rabies-Texas, Arkansas, and Georgia, 1991. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report 1991, 40(44):765-769.
5. Anonymous Human rabies-Alabama, Tennessee, and Texas, 1994. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report 1995, 44(14):269-272.
6. Anonymous Translocation of coyote rabies-Florida, 1994. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1995, 44(31):580-581. 587.
7. Anonymous Update: Raccoon rabies epizootic-United States and Canada, 1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2000, 49(2):31-35.
8. Anonymous Rabies in a beaver-Florida, 2001. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report 2002, 51(22):481-482.
9. Anonymous Rabies in a dog imported from Iraq-New Jersey, June 2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2008, 57(39):1076-1078.
10. Arai Y.T., Takahashi H., Kameoka Y., Shiino T., Wimalaratne O., Lodmell D.L. Characterization of Sri Lanka rabies virus isolates using nucleotide sequence analysis of nucleoprotein gene. ACTA Virologica 2001, 45(5-6):327-333.
11. Aranda M., Lopez-de B.L. Rabies in skunks from Mexico. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1999, 35(3):574-577.
12. Aubert M.F. Epidemiology of fox rabies. Wildlife Rabies Control 1992, 9-18. Wells Medical LTD, Kent. K. Bogel, F.M. Meslin, M.M. Kaplan (Eds.).
13. Barnard B.J. The role played by wildlife in the epizootiology of rabies in South Africa and South-West Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 1979, 46(3):155-163.
14. Barnard B.J., Hassel R.H. Rabies in kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in South West Africa/Namibia. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 1981, 52(4):309-314.
15. Batista-Morais N., Neilson-Rolim B., Matos-Chaves H.H., de Brito-Neto J., Maria-da-Silva L. Rabies in tamarins (Callithrix jacchus) in the state of Ceara, Brazil, a distinct viral variant?. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2000, 95(5):609-610.
16. Beamer P.D., MOHR C.O., BARR T.R. Resistance of the opossum to rabies virus. American Joural of Veterinary Research 1960, 21:507-510.
17. Bell G.P. A possible case of interspecific transmission of rabies in insectivorous bats. Journal of Mammology 1980, 61(3):528-530.
18. Berry H.H. Surveillance and control of anthrax and rabies in wild herbivores and carnivores in Namibia. Revue Scientifique et Technique 1993, 12(1):137-146.
19. Bingham J., Foggin C.M., Wandeler A.I., Hill F.W. The epidemiology of rabies in Zimbabwe. 2. Rabies in jackals (Canis adustus and Canis mesomelas). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 1999, 66(1):11-23.
20. Bingham J., Hill F.W., Matema R. Rabies incubation in an African civet (Civettictis civetta). Veterinary Record 1994, 134(20):528.
21. Bingham J., Javangwe S., Sabeta C.T., Wandeler A.I., Nel L.H. Report of isolations of unusual lyssaviruses (rabies and Mokola virus) identified retrospectively from Zimbabwe. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 2001, 72(2):92-94.
22. Black J.G., Lawson K.F. Sylvatic rabies studies in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes). Susceptibility and immune response. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 1970, 34(4):309-311.
23. Blancou J., Aubert M.F., Artois M. Fox rabies. The natural history of rabies 1991, CRC Press, Boca Raton. G.M. Baer (Ed.).
24. Brown C.M., Conti L., Ettestad P., Leslie M.J., Sorhage F.E., Sun B. Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2011. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2011, 239(5):609-617.
25. Brown R.R., Elston T.H., Evans L., Glaser C., Gulledge M.L., Jarboe L., et al. Feline zoonoses guidelines from the American Association of Feline Practitioners. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2005, 7(4):243-274.
26. Butzeck S. [The wolf, Canis lupus L., as a rabies vector in the 16th and 17th centuries]. Zeitschrift fur die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete 1987, 33(12):666-669.
27. Cappucci D.T., Emmons R.W., Sampson W.W. Rabies in an Eastern fox squirrel. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1972, 8(4):340-342.
28. Casals J. Influence of age factors on susceptibility of mice to rabies virus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1940, 72(4):445-451.
29. Castrodale L., Walker V., Baldwin J., Hofmann J., Hanlon C. Rabies in a puppy imported from India to the USA, March 2007. Zoonoses and Public Health 2008, 55(8-10):427-430.
30. Chang H.G., Eidson M., Noonan-Toly C., Trimarchi C.V., Rudd R., Wallace B.J., et al. Public health impact of reemergence of rabies, New York. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002, 8(9):909-913.
31. Chaparro F., Esterhuysen J.J. The role of the yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata) in the epidemiology of rabies in South Africa-preliminary results. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 1993, 60(4):373-377.
32. Chapman R.C. Rabies: Decimation of a wolf pack in artic Alaska. Science 1978, 201(4353):365-367.
33. Charlton K.M., Casey G.A., Campbell J.B. Experimental rabies in skunks: Immune response and salivary gland infection. Comparative Immunology and Microbiology of Infectious Diseases 1987, 10(3-4):227-235.
34. Charlton K.M., Casey G.A., Wandeler A.I., Nadin-Davis S. Early events in rabies virus infection of the central nervous system in skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Acta Neuropathology 1996, 91(1):89-98.
35. Charlton K.M., Casey G.A., Webster W.A. Rabies virus in the salivary glands and nasal mucosa of naturally infected skunks. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 1984, 48(3):338-339.
36. Charlton K.M., Nadin-Davis S., Casey G.A., Wandeler A.I. The long incubation period in rabies: Delayed progression of infection in muscle at the site of exposure. Acta Neuropathology 1997, 94(1):73-77.
37. Charlton K.M., Webster W.A., Casey G.A. Skunk rabies. The Natural History of Rabies 1991, 307-324. CRC Press, Boca Raton. G.M. Baer (Ed.).
38. Charlton K.M., Webster W.A., Casey G.A., Rupprecht C.E. Skunk rabies. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1988, 10(Suppl. 4):S626-S628.
39. Childs J.E., Colby L., Krebs J.W., Strine T., Feller M., Noah D., et al. Surveillance and spatiotemporal associations of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the United States, 1985-1994. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1997, 33(1):20-27.
40. Childs J.E., Trimarchi C.V., Krebs J.W. The epidemiology of bat rabies in New York State, 1988-92. Epidemiology and Infections 1994, 113(3):501-511.
41. Clark K.A., Neill S.U., Smith J.S., Wilson P.J., Whadford V.W., McKirahan G.W. Epizootic canine rabies transmitted by coyotes in south Texas. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1994, 204(4):536-540.
42. Cleaveland S., Dye C. Maintenance of a microparasite infecting several host species: Rabies in the Serengeti. Parasitology 1995, 111(Suppl):S33-S47.
43. Constantine D.G. Transmission experiments with bat rabies isolates: Bite transmission of rabies to foxes and coyote by free-tailed bats. American Joural of Veterinary Research 1966, 27(116):20-23.
44. Crawford-Miksza L.K., Wadford D.A., Schnurr D.P. Molecular epidemiology of enzootic rabies in California. Journal of Clinical Virology 1999, 14(3):207-219.
45. Davis P.L., Rambaut A., Bourhy H., Holmes E.C. The evolutionary dynamics of canid and mongoose rabies virus in Southern Africa. Archives of Virology 2007, 152(7):1251-1258.
46. de Mattos C.C., de Mattos C.A., Loza-Rubio E., Aguilar-Setien A., Orciari L.A., Smith J.S. Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates from Mexico: Implications for transmission dynamics and human risk. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999, 61(4):587-597.
47. Dean D.J., Abelseth M.K. Laboratory techniques in rabies: The fluorescent antibody test. Monograph Series of the World Health Organization 1973, 23:73-84.
48. Delpietro H.A., Russo R.G. [Ecological and epidemiologic aspects of the attacks by vampire bats and paralytic rabies in Argentina and analysis of the proposals carried out for their control]. Revue Scientifique et Technique 1996, 15(3):971-984.
49. Dieterich R.A., Ritter D.G. Rabies in Alaskan reindeer. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1982, 181(11):1416.
50. Dowda H., DiSalvo A.F. Naturally acquired rabies in an eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus). Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1984, 19(2):281-282.
51. Eidson M., Matthews S.D., Willsey A.L., Cherry B., Rudd R.J., Trimarchi C.V. Rabies virus infection in a pet guinea pig and seven pet rabbits. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2005, 227(6):932-935. 918.
52. Fearneyhough M.G., Wilson P.J., Clark K.A., Smith D.R., Johnston D.H., Hicks B.N., et al. Results of an oral rabies vaccination program for coyotes. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1998, 212(4):498-502.
53. Fekadu M. Atypical rabies in dogs in Ethiopia. Ethiopean Medical Journal 1972, 10(3):79-86.
54. Fekadu M., Shaddock J.H., Baer G.M. Intermittent excretion of rabies virus in the saliva of a dog two and six months after it had recovered from experimental rabies. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1981, 30(5):1113-1115.
55. Fekadu M., Shaddock J.H., Baer G.M. Excretion of rabies virus in the saliva of dogs. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1982, 145(5):715-719.
56. Fekadu M., Shaddock J.H., Chandler F.W., Baer G.M. Rabies virus in the tonsils of a carrier dog. Archives of Virology 1983, 78(1-2):37-47.
57. Flynn J.J., Finarelli J.A., Zehr S., Hsu J., Nedbal M.A. Molecular phylogeny of the carnivora (mammalia): Assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships. Systemative Biology 2005, 54(2):317-337.
58. Foggin, C. M. (1988). Rabies and rabies-related viruses in Zimbabwe. Historical, virological and ecological aspects. (Dissertation, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe).
59. Frye F.L., Cucuel J.P. Rabies in an ocelot. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1968, 153(7):789-790.
60. Greenwood R.J., Newton W.E., Pearson G.L., Schamber G.J. Population and movement characteristics of radio-collared striped skunks in North Dakota during an epizootic of rabies. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1997, 33(2):226-241.
61. Gremillion-Smith C., Woolf A. Epizootiology of skunk rabies in North America. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1988, 24(4):620-626.
62. Hanlon C.A., Rupprecht C.E. The reemergence of rabies. Emerging infections I 1998, ASM Press, Washington, (pp. 59-80).
63. Hill R.E., Beran G.W. Experimental inoculation of raccoons (Procyon lotor) with rabies virus of skunk origin. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1992, 28(1):51-56.
64. Hill R.E., Beran G.W., Clark W.R. Demonstration of rabies virus-specific antibody in the sera of free-ranging Iowa raccoons (Procyon lotor). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1992, 28(3):377-385.
65. Hill R.E., Smith K.E., Beran G.W., Beard P.D. Further studies on the susceptibility of raccoons (Procyon lotor) to a rabies virus of skunk origin and comparative susceptibility of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1993, 29(3):475-477.
66. Hubschle O.J. Rabies in the kudu antelope (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1988, 10(Suppl. 4):S629-S633.
67. Hudson L.C., Weinstock D., Jordan T., Bold-Fletcher N.O. Clinical features of experimentally induced rabies in cattle and sheep. Zentralblatt fur Veterinary Medizin B 1996, 43(2):85-95.
68. Hudson L.C., Weinstock D., Jordan T., Bold-Fletcher N.O. Clinical presentation of experimentally induced rabies in horses. Zentralblatt fur Veterinary Medizin B 1996, 43(5):277-285.
69. Jackson A.C., Phelan C.C., Rossiter J.P. Infection of Bergmann glia in the cerebellum of a skunk experimentally infected with street rabies virus. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 2000, 64(4):226-228.
70. Jenkins S.R., Winkler W.G. Descriptive epidemiology from an epizootic of raccoon rabies in the Middle Atlantic States, 1982-1983. American Journal of Epidemiology 1987, 126(3):429-437.
71. Jhala Y.V., Moehlman P.D. Golden Jackal Canus aureus Linnaeus 1758. The New Encyclopedia of Mammals 2001, 156-161. Oxford University Press, Oxford. D. Macdonald (Ed.).
72. Johnson R.H. Rabies vaccination of wolf-dog hybrids. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1995, 206(4):426-427.
73. Karp B.E., Ball N.E., Scott C.R., Walcoff J.B. Rabies in two privately owned domestic rabbits. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215 1999, 12(1824-7):1806.
74. Kaufmann J.H. Raccoons and allies. Wild Mammals of North America 1982, 567-785. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. J.A. Chapman, G.A. Geldhamer (Eds.).
75. Krebs J.W., Smith J.S., Rupprecht C.E., Childs J.E. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1998. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1999, 215(12):1786-1798.
76. Krebs J.W., Smith J.S., Rupprecht C.E., Childs J.E. Mammalian reservoirs and epidemiology of rabies diagnosed in human beings in the United States, 1981-1998. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 916:345-353.
77. Krebs J.W., Strine T.W., Smith J.S., Rupprecht C.E., Childs J.E. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1993. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1994, 205(12):1695-1709.
78. Krebs J.W., Williams S.M., Smith J.S., Rupprecht C.E., Childs J.E. Rabies among infrequently reported mammalian carnivores in the United States, 1960-2000. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2003, 39(2):253-261.
79. Leffingwell L.M., Neill S.U. Naturally acquired rabies in an armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Texas. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1989, 27(1):174-175.
80. Lindblad-Toh K., Wade C.M., Mikkelsen T.S., Karlsson E.K., Jaffe D.B., Kamal M., et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature 2005, 438(7069):803-819.
81. Lord R.D. Seasonal reproduction of vampire bats and its relation to seasonality of bovine rabies. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1992, 28(2):292-294.
82. Manning S.E., Rupprecht C.E., Fishbein D., Hanlon C.A., Lumlertdacha B., Guerra M., et al. Human rabies prevention-United States, 2008: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Morbity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports 2008, 57(RR-3):1-28.
83. Markotter W., Kuzmin I., Rupprecht C.E., Randles J., Sabeta C.T., Wandeler A.I., et al. Isolation of Lagos bat virus from water mongoose. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2006, 12(12):1913-1918.
84. Martinez-Burnes J., Lopez A., Medellin J., Haines D., Loza E., Martinez M. An outbreak of vampire bat-transmitted rabies in cattle in northeastern Mexico. Canadian Veterinary Journal 1997, 38(3):175-177.
85. McLean R.G. Raccoon rabies. The Natural History of Rabies 1975, 53-76. Academic Press, New York. G.M. Baer (Ed.).
86. Nadin-Davis S.A., Casey G.A., Wandeler A.I. A molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus in central Ontario and western Quebec. Journal of General Virology 1994, 75(Pt 10):2575-2583.
87. Nadin-Davis S.A., Huang W., Armstrong J., Casey G.A., Bahloul C., Tordo N., et al. Antigenic and genetic divergence of rabies viruses from bat species indigenous to Canada. Virus Research 2001, 74(1-2):139-156.
88. Nel J.A. The bat-eared fox: A prime candidate for rabies vector?. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 1993, 60(4):395-397.
89. Nel L.H., Sabeta C.T., von T.B., Jaftha J.B., Rupprecht C.E., Bingham J. Mongoose rabies in southern Africa: A re-evaluation based on molecular epidemiology. Virus Research 2005, 109(2):165-173.
90. Nettles V.F., Shaddock J.H., Sikes R.K., Reyes C.R. Rabies in translocated raccoons. American Journal of Public Health 1979, 69(6):601-602.
91. Niezgoda M., Briggs D.J., Shaddock J., Rupprecht C.E. Viral excretion in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) inoculated with a raccoon rabies isolate. American Joural of Veterinary Research 1998, 59(12):1629-1632.
92. Niezgoda, M., Diehl, D., Hanlon, C. A., & Rupprecht, C. E. (1991). Pathogenesis of street rabies virus in raccoons. Wildlife Disease Association, 40th annual conference (pp. 57-58). Fort Collins, Colorado.
93. Nowak A. Walkers, mammals of the world 1991, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
94. Odegaard O.A., Krogsrud J. Rabies in Svalbard: Infection diagnosed in arctic fox, reindeer and seal. Veterinary Record 1981, 109(7):141-142.
95. Parker R.L., Wilsnack R.E. Pathogenesis of skunk rabies virus: Quantitation in skunks and foxes. American Joural of Veterinary Research 1966, 27(116):33-38.
96. Petersen B.W., Tack D.M., Longenberger A., Simeone A., Moll M.E., Deasy M.P., et al. Rabies in captive deer, Pennsylvania, USA, 2007-2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2012, 18(1):138-141.
97. Randall D.A., Williams S.D., Kuzmin I.V., Rupprecht C.E., Tallents L.A., Tefera Z., et al. Rabies in endangered Ethiopian wolves. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2004, 10(12):2214-2217.
98. Rausch R.L. Rabies in experimentally infected bears, Ursus spp., with epizootiologic notes. Zentralblatt fur Veterinary Medizin B 1975, 22(5):420-437.
99. Rhodes C.J., Atkinson R.P., Anderson R.M., Macdonald D.W. Rabies in Zimbabwe: Reservoir dogs and the implications for disease control. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 1998, 353(1371).
100. Rohde R.E., Neill S.U., Clark K.A., Smith J.S. Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Texas. Clincal Diagnostic Virology 1997, 8(3):209-217.
101. Rupprecht C.E., Hamir A.N., Johnston D.H., Koprowski H. Efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in raccoons (Procyon lotor). Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1988, 10(Suppl. 4):S803-S809.
102. Rupprecht C.E., Smith J.S., Fekadu M., Childs J.E. The ascension of wildlife rabies: A cause for public health concern or intervention?. Emerging Infectious Diseases 1995, 1(4):107-114.
103. Sabeta C.T., Bingham J., Nel L.H. Molecular epidemiology of canid rabies in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Virus Research 2003, 91(2):203-211.
104. Sabeta C.T., Mansfield K.L., McElhinney L.M., Fooks A.R., Nel L.H. Molecular epidemiology of rabies in bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) in South Africa. Virus Research 2007, 129(1):1-10.
105. Sabeta C.T., Shumba W., Mohale D.K., Miyen J.M., Wandeler A.I., Nel L.H. Mongoose rabies and the African civet in Zimbabwe. Veterinary Record 2008, 163(19):580.
106. Sikes R.K. Pathogenesis of rabies in wildlife. I. Comparative effect of varying doses of rabies virus inoculated into foxes and skunks. American Joural of Veterinary Research 1962, 23:1041-1047.
107. Sikes, R. K., & Tierkel, E. S. (1961). Wildlife rabies studies in the southeast. Proceedings of the sixtyfourth annual meeting of the US livestock sanitation association (pp. 268-272). Charleston.
108. Sikes R.K., Tierkel E.S. Wolf, fox and coyote rabies. Proceedings of the national rabies symposium 1966, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Atlanta, (pp. 31-33).
109. Singer A., Kauhala K., Holmala K., Smith G.C. Rabies in northeastern Europe-the threat from invasive raccoon dogs. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2009, 45(4):1121-1137.
110. Smart N.L., Charlton K.M. The distribution of Challenge virus standard rabies virus versus skunk street rabies virus in the brains of experimentally infected rabid skunks. Acta Neuropathology 1992, 84(5):501-508.
111. Smith J.S. Monoclonal antibody studies of rabies in insectivorous bats of the United States. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1988, 10(Suppl. 4):S637-S643.
112. Smith J.S. New aspects of rabies with emphasis on epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of the disease in the United States. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1996, 9(2):166-176.
113. Smith J.S., Sumner J.W., Roumillat L.F., Baer G.M., Winkler W.G. Antigenic characteristics of isolates associated with a new epizootic of raccoon rabies in the United States. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1984, 149(5):769-774.
114. Smith J.S., Yager P.A., Orciari L.A. Rabies in wild and domestic carnivores of Africa: Epidemiological and historical associations determined by limited sequence analysis. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 1993, 60(4):307-314.
115. Somayajulu M.V., Reddy G.V. Live dogs and dead men. Journal of the Association of Physicians India 1989, 37(9):617.
116. Soria B.R., Artois M., Blancou J. Experimental infection of sheep with a rabies virus of canine origin: Study of the pathogenicity for that species. Revue Scientifique et Technique 1992, 11(3):829-836.
117. Steele J.H., Fernandez R. History of rabies and global aspects. The natural history of rabies 1991, 1-24. CRC Press, Boca Raton. G.M. Baer (Ed.).
118. Stoltenow C.L., Solemsass K., Niezgoda M., Yager P., Rupprecht C.E. Rabies in an American bison from North Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2000, 36(1):169-171.
119. Swanepoel R., Barnard B.J., Meredith C.D., Bishop G.C., Bruckner G.K., Foggin C.M., et al. Rabies in southern Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 1993, 60(4):325-346.
120. Sykes-Andral M. Behaviour of rabid animals studied at the Centre National d'Etudes sur la Rage. Comparative Immunology and Microbiology of Infectious Diseases 1982, 5(1-3):337-342.
121. Tepsumethanon V., Wilde H., Sitprija V. Ten-day observation of live rabies suspected dogs. Developments in Biological Standardization (Basel) 2008, 131:543-546.
122. Tordo N. Characteristics and molecular biology of the rabies virus. Laboratory Techniques in Rabies 1996, 28-51. World Health Organization, Geneva. F.X. Meslin, M.M. Kaplan, H. Koprowski (Eds.).
123. Turkmen S., Sahin A., Gunaydin M., Tatli O., Karaca Y., Turedi S., et al. A wild wolf attack and its unfortunate outcome: Rabies and death. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine Journal.Jul 2012, 13. (Epub ahead of print).
124. Vaughn J.B., Gerhardt P., Newell K.W. Excretion of street rabies virus in the saliva of dogs. Journal of the American Medical Association 1965, 193:363-368.
125. Vaughn J.B., Gerhardt P., Paterson J.C. Excretion of street rabies virus in saliva of cats. Journal of the American Medical Association 1963, 184:705-708.
126. Walroth R., Brown N., Wandeler A., Casey A., MacInnes C. Rabid black bears in Ontario. Canadian Veterinary Journal 1996, 37(8):492.
127. Wandeler A., Muller J., Wachendorfer G., Schale W., Forster U., Steck F. Rabies in wild carnivores in central Europe. III. Ecology and biology of the fox in relation to control operations. Zentralblatt fur Veterinary Medizin B 1974, 21(10):765-773.
128. Wandeler A., Wachendorfer G., Forster U., Krekel H., Muller J., Steck F. Rabies in wild carnivores in central Europe. II. Virological and serological examinations. Zentralblatt fur Veterinary Medizin B 1974, 21(10):757-764.
129. Wandeler A., Wachendorfer G., Forster U., Krekel H., Schale W., Muller J., et al. Rabies in wild carnivores in central Europe. I. Epidemiological studies. Zentralblatt fur Veterinary Medizin B 1974, 21(10):735-756.
130. Wandeler A.I. Epdiemiology of fox rabies. The Red Fox 1980, 237-249. Kluwer Boston Inc, Hingham. E. Zimen (Ed.).
131. Wiktor T.J., Koprowski H. Monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus produced by somatic cell hybridization: Detection of antigenic variants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1978, 75(8):3938-3942.
132. Wimalaratne O., Kodikara D.S. First reported case of elephant rabies in Sri Lanka. Veterinary Record 1999, 144(4):98.
133. Winkler W.G., Schneider N.J., Jennings W.L. Experimental rabies infection in wild rodents. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1972, 8(1):99-103.
134. Winkler W.G. Fox rabies. The Natural History of Rabies 1975, 3-22. Academic Press, New York. G.M. Baer (Ed.).
135. Winkler W.G., Jenkins S.R. Raccoon rabies. The Natural History of Rabies 1991, 325-340. CRC Press, Boca Raton. G.M. Baer (Ed.).
136. Winkler W.G., McLean R.G., Cowart J.C. Vaccination of foxes against rabies using ingested baits. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1975, 11(3):382-388.
137. Winkler W.G., Shaddock J.S., Bowman C. Rabies virus in salivary glands of raccoons (Procyon lotor). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1985, 21(3):297-298.
138. World Health Organization World health organization expert consultation on rabies. World Health Organ Technical Report Series 2005, 931:1-88. (back).
139. Zulu G.C., Sabeta C.T., Nel L.H. Molecular epidemiology of rabies: Focus on domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) from northern South Africa. Virus Research 2009, 140(1-2):71-78.