메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

At the borders of medical reasoning: Aetiological and ontological challenges of medically unexplained symptoms

Author keywords

Causation; Dispositions; Epistemology; Medically unexplained symptoms; Ontology; Phenomenology; Philosophy

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL ONTOLOGY; HUMAN; SOMATOFORM DISORDER; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84883818536     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17475341     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1747-5341-8-11     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 77953240602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basel, Switzerland: Karger, Hellhammer DH, Hellhammer J
    • Stress: The Brain-Body Connection 2008, Basel, Switzerland: Karger, Hellhammer DH, Hellhammer J.
    • (2008) Stress: The Brain-Body Connection
  • 3
    • 68649088270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medical perspective on Environmental Sensitivities. A report from the Canadian Human Rights Commission
    • Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Human Rights Commission
    • Sears EM. The medical perspective on Environmental Sensitivities. A report from the Canadian Human Rights Commission. Book The medical perspective on Environmental Sensitivities 2007, Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Human Rights Commission.
    • (2007) Book The medical perspective on Environmental Sensitivities
    • Sears, E.M.1
  • 4
    • 80052888607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of medically unexplained symptoms in primary care
    • 10.1016/j.psym.2011.01.007, 21565598
    • Steinbrecher N, Koerber S, Frieser D, Hiller W. The prevalence of medically unexplained symptoms in primary care. Psychosomatics 2011, 52:263-271. 10.1016/j.psym.2011.01.007, 21565598.
    • (2011) Psychosomatics , vol.52 , pp. 263-271
    • Steinbrecher, N.1    Koerber, S.2    Frieser, D.3    Hiller, W.4
  • 5
    • 22144438329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the unexplained? Overcoming the distortions of a dualist understanding of medically unexplained illness
    • Deary V. Explaining the unexplained? Overcoming the distortions of a dualist understanding of medically unexplained illness. J Ment Health 2005, 14:213-221.
    • (2005) J Ment Health , vol.14 , pp. 213-221
    • Deary, V.1
  • 6
    • 50249176406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic fatigue syndrome defies the mind-body-schism of medicine: New perspectives on a multiple realisable developmental systems disorder
    • Ulvestad E. Chronic fatigue syndrome defies the mind-body-schism of medicine: New perspectives on a multiple realisable developmental systems disorder. Med, Health Care and Philoso 2008, 11:285-292.
    • (2008) Med, Health Care and Philoso , vol.11 , pp. 285-292
    • Ulvestad, E.1
  • 7
    • 84861778654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for encounter and symptom diagnoses: a superior description of patients' problems in contrast to medically unexplained symptoms (MUS)
    • 10.1093/fampra/cmr101, 22308181
    • Soler JK, Okkes I. Reasons for encounter and symptom diagnoses: a superior description of patients' problems in contrast to medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Fam Pract 2012, 29:272-282. 10.1093/fampra/cmr101, 22308181.
    • (2012) Fam Pract , vol.29 , pp. 272-282
    • Soler, J.K.1    Okkes, I.2
  • 9
    • 41949132283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central sensitivity syndromes: a new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions, and the related issue of disease versus illness
    • 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.09.003, 18191990
    • Yannus MB. Central sensitivity syndromes: a new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions, and the related issue of disease versus illness. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008, 37:339-352. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.09.003, 18191990.
    • (2008) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , pp. 339-352
    • Yannus, M.B.1
  • 10
    • 77953172859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards positive diagnostic criteria: A systematic review of somatoform disorder diagnoses and suggestions for future classification
    • 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.015, 20403499
    • Voigt K, Nagel A, Meyer B, Langs G, Braukhaus C, Lowe B. Towards positive diagnostic criteria: A systematic review of somatoform disorder diagnoses and suggestions for future classification. J Psychosom Res 2010, 68:403-414. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.015, 20403499.
    • (2010) J Psychosom Res , vol.68 , pp. 403-414
    • Voigt, K.1    Nagel, A.2    Meyer, B.3    Langs, G.4    Braukhaus, C.5    Lowe, B.6
  • 11
    • 70349137966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illness explanations among patients with medically unexplained symptoms - different idioms for different contexts
    • Risor MB. Illness explanations among patients with medically unexplained symptoms - different idioms for different contexts. Health 2009, 13:505-521.
    • (2009) Health , vol.13 , pp. 505-521
    • Risor, M.B.1
  • 12
    • 71049169255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal symptoms attributions in somatoform disorder and chronic pain
    • 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.06.011, 20004296
    • Hiller W, Cebulla M, Korn H-J, Leibbrand R, Röers B, Nilges N. Causal symptoms attributions in somatoform disorder and chronic pain. J Psychosom Res 2010, 68:9-19. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.06.011, 20004296.
    • (2010) J Psychosom Res , vol.68 , pp. 9-19
    • Hiller, W.1    Cebulla, M.2    Korn, H.-J.3    Leibbrand, R.4    Röers, B.5    Nilges, N.6
  • 13
    • 33645214923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain
    • 3454542, 16550448
    • Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J 2006, 15(suppl 2):S192-S300. 3454542, 16550448.
    • (2006) Eur Spine J , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Airaksinen, O.1    Brox, J.I.2    Cedraschi, C.3
  • 14
    • 84856639147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-specific low back pain
    • 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60610-7, 21982256
    • Balagué F, Mannion AF, Pellisé F, Cedraschi C. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet 2012, 379:482-491. 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60610-7, 21982256.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 482-491
    • Balagué, F.1    Mannion, A.F.2    Pellisé, F.3    Cedraschi, C.4
  • 15
    • 77649180506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal assessment of occupational sitting and low back pain: results of a systematic review
    • 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.12.005, 20097618
    • Roffey DM, Wai EK, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational sitting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010, 10:252-261. 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.12.005, 20097618.
    • (2010) Spine J , vol.10 , pp. 252-261
    • Roffey, D.M.1    Wai, E.K.2    Bishop, P.3    Kwon, B.K.4    Dagenais, S.5
  • 16
    • 73149088818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal assessment of awkward occupational postures and low back pain: results of a systematic review
    • 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.09.003, 19910263
    • Roffey DM, Wai EK, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. Causal assessment of awkward occupational postures and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010, 10:89-99. 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.09.003, 19910263.
    • (2010) Spine J , vol.10 , pp. 89-99
    • Roffey, D.M.1    Wai, E.K.2    Bishop, P.3    Kwon, B.K.4    Dagenais, S.5
  • 17
    • 77649130170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal assessment of occupational standing or walking and low back pain: results of a systematic review
    • 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.12.023, 20207335
    • Roffey DM, Wai EK, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational standing or walking and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010, 10:262-272. 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.12.023, 20207335.
    • (2010) Spine J , vol.10 , pp. 262-272
    • Roffey, D.M.1    Wai, E.K.2    Bishop, P.3    Kwon, B.K.4    Dagenais, S.5
  • 18
    • 73149097699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal assessment of occupational bending or twisting and low back pain: results of a systematic review
    • 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.06.005, 19631589
    • Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational bending or twisting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010, 10:76-88. 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.06.005, 19631589.
    • (2010) Spine J , vol.10 , pp. 76-88
    • Wai, E.K.1    Roffey, D.M.2    Bishop, P.3    Kwon, B.K.4    Dagenais, S.5
  • 19
    • 77952368031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal assessment of occupational lifting and low back pain: results of a systematic review
    • 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.03.033, 20494816
    • Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational lifting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010, 10:554-566. 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.03.033, 20494816.
    • (2010) Spine J , vol.10 , pp. 554-566
    • Wai, E.K.1    Roffey, D.M.2    Bishop, P.3    Kwon, B.K.4    Dagenais, S.5
  • 20
    • 77955667063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal assessment of occupational carrying and low back pain: results of a systematic review
    • 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.03.027, 20447872
    • Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational carrying and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010, 10:628-638. 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.03.027, 20447872.
    • (2010) Spine J , vol.10 , pp. 628-638
    • Wai, E.K.1    Roffey, D.M.2    Bishop, P.3    Kwon, B.K.4    Dagenais, S.5
  • 21
    • 73949159179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between obesity and low back pain: a meta-analysis
    • 10.1093/aje/kwp356, 20007994
    • Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. The association between obesity and low back pain: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2010, 171:135-154. 10.1093/aje/kwp356, 20007994.
    • (2010) Am J Epidemiol , vol.171 , pp. 135-154
    • Shiri, R.1    Karppinen, J.2    Leino-Arjas, P.3    Solovieva, S.4    Viikari-Juntura, E.5
  • 22
    • 77952110713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cause or effect? Deconditioning and chronic low back pain
    • 10.1016/j.pain.2010.01.020, 20153582
    • Verbunt J, Smeets RJ, Wittink HM. Cause or effect? Deconditioning and chronic low back pain. Pain 2010, 149:428-430. 10.1016/j.pain.2010.01.020, 20153582.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.149 , pp. 428-430
    • Verbunt, J.1    Smeets, R.J.2    Wittink, H.M.3
  • 23
    • 34548506785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability of low back pain and the role of disc degeneration
    • 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.010, 17335977
    • Battie MC, Videman T, Levalahti E, Gill K, Kaprio J. Heritability of low back pain and the role of disc degeneration. Pain 2007, 131:272-280. 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.010, 17335977.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.131 , pp. 272-280
    • Battie, M.C.1    Videman, T.2    Levalahti, E.3    Gill, K.4    Kaprio, J.5
  • 24
    • 46449107566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of intervertebral disc degeneration. Associated genes
    • 10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.11.002, 18485784
    • Kalichman L, Hunter DJ. The genetics of intervertebral disc degeneration. Associated genes. Joint Bone Spine 2008, 75:388-396. 10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.11.002, 18485784.
    • (2008) Joint Bone Spine , vol.75 , pp. 388-396
    • Kalichman, L.1    Hunter, D.J.2
  • 25
    • 46249103897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of intervertebral disc degeneration. Familial predisposition and heritability estimation
    • 10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.11.003, 18448379
    • Kalichman L, Hunter DJ. The genetics of intervertebral disc degeneration. Familial predisposition and heritability estimation. Joint Bone Spine 2008, 75:383-387. 10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.11.003, 18448379.
    • (2008) Joint Bone Spine , vol.75 , pp. 383-387
    • Kalichman, L.1    Hunter, D.J.2
  • 26
    • 72449173345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modic changes and interleukin 1 gene locus polymorphisms in occupational cohort of middle-aged men
    • 10.1007/s00586-009-1139-x, 2899448, 19701653
    • Karppinen J, Solovieva S, Luoma K, Raininko R, Leino-Arjas P, Riihimaki H. Modic changes and interleukin 1 gene locus polymorphisms in occupational cohort of middle-aged men. Eur Spine J 2009, 18:1963-1970. 10.1007/s00586-009-1139-x, 2899448, 19701653.
    • (2009) Eur Spine J , vol.18 , pp. 1963-1970
    • Karppinen, J.1    Solovieva, S.2    Luoma, K.3    Raininko, R.4    Leino-Arjas, P.5    Riihimaki, H.6
  • 27
    • 77958598791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of catechol-O-methyltransferase genetic variants with outcome in patients undergoing surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative disc disease
    • 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.387, 20863768
    • Dai F, Belfer I, Schwartz CE. Association of catechol-O-methyltransferase genetic variants with outcome in patients undergoing surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Spine J 2010, 10:949-957. 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.387, 20863768.
    • (2010) Spine J , vol.10 , pp. 949-957
    • Dai, F.1    Belfer, I.2    Schwartz, C.E.3
  • 28
    • 67651143861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current evidence for a modulation of low back pain by human genetic variants
    • 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00703.x, 19228264
    • Tegeder I, Lotsch J. Current evidence for a modulation of low back pain by human genetic variants. J Cell Mol Med 2009, 13:1605-1619. 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00703.x, 19228264.
    • (2009) J Cell Mol Med , vol.13 , pp. 1605-1619
    • Tegeder, I.1    Lotsch, J.2
  • 29
    • 77950429077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain perception is altered by a nucleotide polymorphism in SCN9A
    • 10.1073/pnas.0913181107, 2841869, 20212137
    • Riemann F, Cox JJ, Belfer I. Pain perception is altered by a nucleotide polymorphism in SCN9A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:5148-5153. 10.1073/pnas.0913181107, 2841869, 20212137.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 5148-5153
    • Riemann, F.1    Cox, J.J.2    Belfer, I.3
  • 31
    • 67650711512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals
    • 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a01b3f, 19532001
    • Cheung KM, Karppinen J, Chan D. Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals. Spine 2009, 34:934-940. 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a01b3f, 19532001.
    • (2009) Spine , vol.34 , pp. 934-940
    • Cheung, K.M.1    Karppinen, J.2    Chan, D.3
  • 32
    • 77649282603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain: the influence of age, gender, and individual radiographic features
    • 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181aa5b33, 20147869
    • de Schepper EI, Damen J, van Meurs JB. The association between lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain: the influence of age, gender, and individual radiographic features. Spine 2010, 35:531-536. 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181aa5b33, 20147869.
    • (2010) Spine , vol.35 , pp. 531-536
    • de Schepper, E.I.1    Damen, J.2    van Meurs, J.B.3
  • 33
    • 79551505767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of magnetic resonance imaging findings to refine case definition for mechanical low back pain in epidemiological studies: a systematic review
    • 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181cd9adb, 3088902, 20739918
    • Endean A, Palmer KT, Coggon D. Potential of magnetic resonance imaging findings to refine case definition for mechanical low back pain in epidemiological studies: a systematic review. Spine 2011, 36:160-169. 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181cd9adb, 3088902, 20739918.
    • (2011) Spine , vol.36 , pp. 160-169
    • Endean, A.1    Palmer, K.T.2    Coggon, D.3
  • 34
    • 43149122026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of TNF-alpha in patients with chronic low back pain-a prospective comparative longitudinal study
    • 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816111d3, 18287835
    • Wang H, Schiltenwolf M, Buchner M. The role of TNF-alpha in patients with chronic low back pain-a prospective comparative longitudinal study. Clin J Pain 2008, 24:273-278. 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816111d3, 18287835.
    • (2008) Clin J Pain , vol.24 , pp. 273-278
    • Wang, H.1    Schiltenwolf, M.2    Buchner, M.3
  • 35
    • 70349829663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor of cultured medium extracted from human degenerative nucleus pulposus promotes sensory nerve growth and induces substance p in vitro
    • 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a5521d, 19934806
    • Yamauchi K, Inoue G, Koschi T. Nerve growth factor of cultured medium extracted from human degenerative nucleus pulposus promotes sensory nerve growth and induces substance p in vitro. Spine 2009, 34:2263-2269. 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a5521d, 19934806.
    • (2009) Spine , vol.34 , pp. 2263-2269
    • Yamauchi, K.1    Inoue, G.2    Koschi, T.3
  • 36
    • 2342539044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do primary-care clinicians think that nonspecific low back pain is one condition?
    • 10.1097/00007632-200405010-00015, 15105677
    • Kent P, Keathing J. Do primary-care clinicians think that nonspecific low back pain is one condition?. Spine 2004, 29:1022-1031. 10.1097/00007632-200405010-00015, 15105677.
    • (2004) Spine , vol.29 , pp. 1022-1031
    • Kent, P.1    Keathing, J.2
  • 37
    • 84856690691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A qualitative investigation of physical therapists' experiences and feelings of managing patients with nonspecific low back pain
    • 10.2522/ptj.20100416, 22173793
    • Jeffrey JE, Foster NE. A qualitative investigation of physical therapists' experiences and feelings of managing patients with nonspecific low back pain. Phys Ther 2012, 92:266-278. 10.2522/ptj.20100416, 22173793.
    • (2012) Phys Ther , vol.92 , pp. 266-278
    • Jeffrey, J.E.1    Foster, N.E.2
  • 38
    • 0017576627 scopus 로고
    • The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine
    • 10.1126/science.847460, 847460
    • Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science 1977, 196:129-136. 10.1126/science.847460, 847460.
    • (1977) Science , vol.196 , pp. 129-136
    • Engel, G.L.1
  • 39
    • 84873050226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical application of the Biopsychosocial model in mental health
    • Alvarez AS, Pagani M, Meucci P. The clinical application of the Biopsychosocial model in mental health. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2012, 91(suppl):S173-S180.
    • (2012) Am J Phys Med Rehab , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Alvarez, A.S.1    Pagani, M.2    Meucci, P.3
  • 40
    • 2442685902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medically unexplained symptoms: the biopsychosocial model found wanting
    • Butler CC, Evans M, Greaves D, Simpson S. Medically unexplained symptoms: the biopsychosocial model found wanting. JR Soc Med 2004, 97:219-222.
    • (2004) JR Soc Med , vol.97 , pp. 219-222
    • Butler, C.C.1    Evans, M.2    Greaves, D.3    Simpson, S.4
  • 42
    • 55449108913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From categorical to dimensional diagnostics: deficiency-oriented versus person-centered diagnostics
    • Musalek M, Schebenbogen O. From categorical to dimensional diagnostics: deficiency-oriented versus person-centered diagnostics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008, 258:18-21.
    • (2008) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.258 , pp. 18-21
    • Musalek, M.1    Schebenbogen, O.2
  • 44
    • 77953164330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One single diagnosis, bodily distress syndrome, succeeded to capture 10 diagnostic categories of functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders
    • 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.02.004, 20403500
    • Fink P, Schroder A. One single diagnosis, bodily distress syndrome, succeeded to capture 10 diagnostic categories of functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders. J Psychosom Res 2010, 68:415-426. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.02.004, 20403500.
    • (2010) J Psychosom Res , vol.68 , pp. 415-426
    • Fink, P.1    Schroder, A.2
  • 45
    • 77950627220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS)
    • Ursin H, Eriksen HR. Cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS). Neurosci Biobehavioural Res 2010, 34:877-881.
    • (2010) Neurosci Biobehavioural Res , vol.34 , pp. 877-881
    • Ursin, H.1    Eriksen, H.R.2
  • 46
    • 80955123447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional somatic syndromes
    • Byrne P. Functional somatic syndromes. Br J Hosp Med 2011, 72:604-605.
    • (2011) Br J Hosp Med , vol.72 , pp. 604-605
    • Byrne, P.1
  • 47
    • 84858153362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are your patient's medically symptoms really " all in her head" ?
    • 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.031, 22330891
    • Thomas LE. Are your patient's medically symptoms really " all in her head" ?. Med Hypotheses 2012, 78:542-547. 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.031, 22330891.
    • (2012) Med Hypotheses , vol.78 , pp. 542-547
    • Thomas, L.E.1
  • 48
    • 78650686287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kroniske muskelsmerter kan forklares på mange måter
    • Malterud K. Kroniske muskelsmerter kan forklares på mange måter. Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening 2010, 130:2356-2359.
    • (2010) Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening , vol.130 , pp. 2356-2359
    • Malterud, K.1
  • 49
    • 80054052518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is Human in Humans? Responses from Biology, Anthropology, and philosophy
    • 10.1093/jmp/jhr025, 21859676
    • Bibeau G. What is Human in Humans? Responses from Biology, Anthropology, and philosophy. J Med Philos 2011, 36:354-363. 10.1093/jmp/jhr025, 21859676.
    • (2011) J Med Philos , vol.36 , pp. 354-363
    • Bibeau, G.1
  • 50
    • 84866679839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causation and evidence-based practice: An ontological review
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01908.x, 22994999
    • Kerry R, Eriksen TE, Lie SAN, Mumford SD, Anjum RL. Causation and evidence-based practice: An ontological review. J Eval Clin Pract 2012, 18:1006-1012. 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01908.x, 22994999.
    • (2012) J Eval Clin Pract , vol.18 , pp. 1006-1012
    • Kerry, R.1    Eriksen, T.E.2    Lie, S.A.N.3    Mumford, S.D.4    Anjum, R.L.5
  • 53
    • 84921947363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Mumford SD. Dispositions 1998, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1998) Dispositions
    • Mumford, S.D.1
  • 55
    • 34948849291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Bird A. Nature's Metaphysics 2007, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2007) Nature's Metaphysics
    • Bird, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.