Digital parliaments and electronic democracy: A comparison between the US House, the Swedish Riksdag and the German Bundestag

Electronic Democracy: Mobilisation, Organisation and Participation via new ICTs

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 70-95

  Zittel, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANNHEIM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84883494266     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203357989     Document Type: Chapter

References (80)

1. Archibald, G. (1999) 'Congress spends $ 1billion on Computers', Washington Times, 12 September 1999, C 1.
2. Arterton, C. F. (1987) Teledemocracy, Newbury Park: Sage.
3. Barber, B. (1984) Strong Democracy, Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
4. Barnes, S., Kaase, M. et al. (1979) Political Action, Beverly Hills: Sage.
5. Becker, T. L. (1981) 'Teledemocracy', The Futurist, 15, 6-9.
6. Bellamy, C. (2000) 'Modeling Electronic Democracy', in Hoff, J., Horrocks I. and Tops, P. (eds), Democratic Governance and New Technology, London/New York: Routledge.
7. Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld, P. and McPhee, W. (1954) Voting, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
8. Buchstein, H. (2001) 'Modernisierung der Demokratie durch E-Voting', Leviathan, 29 (2), 147-55.
9. Budge, I. (1996) The New Challenge of Direct Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press.
10. Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E. and Stokes, D. E. (1960) The American Voter, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11. Casey, C. (1996) The Hill on the Net, Boston: AP Professional.
12. Coleman, S. (1999) 'Cutting out the Middle Man', in Hague, B. N. and Loader, B. D. (eds), Digital Democracy, London/New York: Routledge.
13. Coleman, S. (2000) 'Parliament in the Information Age', in Gibson, R. K. and Ward, S. (eds), Reinvigorating Democracy? Aldershot: Ashgate.
14. Coleman, S., Taylor, J. and van de Donk, W. (eds) (1999) Parliament in the Age of the Internet, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15. Collier, D. and Levitsky, S. (1997) 'Democracy with Adjectives', in World Politics, April, 430-51.
16. Deutscher Bundestag (1997) Enquete-Kommission Zukunft der Medien in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Öffentliche Anhörung zum Thema 'Nutzung von Informations-und Kommunikationstechniken in der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Auswirkungen auf die staatliche Souveränität und das politische System', Wortprotokoll, 22 September 1997.
17. Deutscher Bundestag (1998) Enquete-Kommission 'Zukunft der Medien in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft', Drucksache 13/11004, Schlussbericht, Bonn.
18. Einemann, E. (1991) Computer für die Volksvertreter, Marburg: Schüren.
19. Etzioni, A., Laudon, K. and Lipson, S. (1975) 'Participatory Technology', Journal of Communication, 25, 64-74.
20. Fasman, J. E. (1998) 'States Find Little Difficulty with On-Line Research', The Hill, 18 March, 16.
21. Fishkin, J. S. (1991) Democracy and Deliberation, New Haven/London: Yale University Press.
22. Friedly, J. (1998) 'Members Introduce Bills to Publicize CRS Research', The Hill, 4 February.
23. Fühles-Ubach, S. and Neumann, H.-P. (1998) 'Zwei Jahre Deutscher Bundestag im Internet', Nachrichten für Dokumentation (NfD): Information-Wissenschaft und Praxis, 4.
24. Gallagher, M., Laver, M. and Mair, P. (2001) Representative Government in Modern Europe, Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.
25. Gillespie, E. and Schellhas, B. (eds) (1994) Contract With America, New York, 188 (Newt Gingrich, Remarks before the Washington Research Group Symposium).
26. Grossman, L. K. (1995) The Electronic Republic, New York: Viking.
27. Gylling, J. (2000) 'A Swedish Perspective', in Hansard Society E-Guide for Parliamentarians, London: Hansard-Society.
28. Habermas, J. (1992) 'Drei normative Modelle der Demokratie', in Münkler, H. (ed.), Die Chancen der Freiheit, München: Piper.
29. Hagen, M. (1997) Elektronische Demokratie, Hamburg: Lit Verlag.
30. Hoff, J. (2000) 'Technology and Social Change', in Hoff, J., Horrocks, I. and Tops, P. (eds), Democratic Governance and New Technology, London: Routledge.
31. Hofmann, J. (1998) 'Am Herz der Dinge-Regierungsmacht im Internet', in Gellner, W. and von Korff, F. (eds), Demokratie und Internet, Baden-Baden: Nomos.
32. Inter-Parliamentary Union (2000) 'Guidelines for the Content and Structure of Parliamentary Websites', approved by the Inter-Parliamentary Council at the 166th Session, Amman, 6 May.
33. Jarren, O. (1998) 'Demokratie durch Internet?' in Eisel, S. and Scholl, M. (eds), Internet und Politik, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Interne Studie 164/1998.
34. Kamps, K. (ed.) (1999) Elektronische Demokratie? Opladen/Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag.
35. Katz, J. (1997) Birth of a Digital Nation, WIRED, 5 April.
36. Katz, R. S. (1987) Party Governments, Berlin: de Gruyter.
37. Kleinsteuber, H. J. and Hagen, M. (1998) 'Was bedeutet " elektronische Demokratie" ?' Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen, 1, 128-43.
38. Krauch, H. (1972) Computer Demokratie, Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag.
39. Kubicek, H., Schmid, U. and Wagner, H. (1997) Bürgerinformation durch 'neue' Medien?, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
40. Lange, H.-J. (1988) Bonn am Draht, Marburg: SP-Verlag.
41. Leggewie, K. and Maar, C. (eds) (1998) Internet Politik, Köln: Bollmann.
42. Lijphart, A. (1971) 'Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method', American Political Science Review, 65, 682-93.
43. Mambrey, P., Vorwerk, E. and Wurch, G. (1991) Computer im Deutschen Bundestag, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
44. Mambrey, P., Neumann, H.-P. and Sieverdingbeck, K. (1999) 'Bridging the Gap Between Parliament and Citizens-The Internet Services of the German Bundestag', in Coleman, S., Taylor, J. and van de Donk,W. (eds), Parliament in the Age of the Internet, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
45. Marschall, S. (1999) Öffentlichkeit und Volksvertretung, Opladen/Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag.
46. McLean, I. (1987) Democracy and New Technology, Cambridge: Polity Press.
47. Michels, R. (1911) Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der modernen Demokratie, Leipzig: Klinkharot.
48. Möller, T. (1999) 'The Swedish Election 1998', Scandinavian Political Studies, 22, 261-76.
49. Muralt Müller, H. (2000) 'E-Government-Herausforderung für Behörden', Neue Züricher Zeitung, 14 April , first accessed 5 January 2001.
50. Mutter, C. (2002) 'Das Rubbelfeld auf dem Stimmzettel', Die Weltwoche, 3 January, 1, 15.
51. Naisbitt, J. (1982) Megatrends, New York: Warner Books.
52. Needham, C. (2001) 'Electronic Consultation in the UK and the USA', paper for presentation at the 2001 Joint Workshops session, Grenoble, 6-11 April.
53. Norris, P. (2001) Digital Divide, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
54. NUA (2001) 'How Many Online ?' , first accessed 7 January 2002.
55. Pateman, C. (1970) Participation and Democratic Theory, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
56. Peters, G. (1998) Comparative Politics, New York: New York University Press.
57. Pitkin, H. F. (1967) The Concept of Representation, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
58. Rash Jr. W. (1997) Politics on the Nets, New York: Freeman.
59. Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
60. Rheingold, H. (1993) The Virtual Community, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
61. Ryan, D. and Becker, T. (1983) 'The Commission for the Future and the New Zealand Televote', World Futures, 18, 309-15.
62. Sarcinelli, U. (ed.) (1998) Politikvermittlung und Demokratie in der Mediengesellschaft, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
63. Sartori, G. (1987) The Theory of Democracy Revisited, Vols 1 and 2, Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
64. Schattschneider, E. E. (1975) The Semisovereign People, Hinsdale, Ill: Dryden Press.
65. Schmidt, M. G. (2000) Demokratietheorien, Opladen: Leske & Budrich.
66. Schuler, D. (1996) New Community Networks, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
67. Schumpeter, J. A. (1950), Kapitalismus, Sozialismus und Demokratie, Bern: Francke.
68. Slaton, C. D. (1992) Televote, New York: Praeger.
69. Snider, J. H. (1994) 'Democracy On-Line', The Futurist, September/October.
70. Street, J. (1992) Politics and Technology, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
71. Swedish Ministry of Justice (2000) Sustainable Democracy. English Translation of the Recommendations made by the Government Commission on Swedish Democracy in their Final Report, 12 September, Stockholm.
72. Toffler, A. (1980) The Third Wave, New York: Bantam Books.
73. Ulfhielm, C. G. (1998) Information Technology in the Swedish Parliament, unpublished manuscript, Stockholm.
74. US House of Representatives (1996a) 'Task Force on Committee Review', Report of Reforming Committee Operations, Procedures and Staffing, Washington, DC, 16 July.
75. US House of Representatives (1996b) Committee on Rules, Public Hearing on Legislating in the 21st Century, Washington, DC, May.
76. US House of Representatives (1997) Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives. Effective for 105th Congress, Washington, DC
77. The Washington Post (1998) 'Whose Research is it?' 7 July, A 12.
78. Weber, M. (1990) 'The Advent of Plebiscitarian Democracy', in Mair, P. (ed.), The West European Party System, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
79. Zittel, T. (2002a) 'Wither Responsible Party Government?' Revised paper presented to the Joint Sessions of Workshops of the European Consortium of Political Research, Turin, 22-27 March.
80. Zittel, T. (2002b) 'Political Representation in the Network Society', paper presented to the Workshop on the Cross-National Study of Legislatures at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, 29 August-1 September.