메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 110, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1158-1166

Event-related desynchronization reflects downregulation of intracortical inhibition in human primary motor cortex

Author keywords

Cortical excitability; Electroencephalogram; Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE; DOWN REGULATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; EVOKED RESPONSE; FEMALE; HAND MOVEMENT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NORMAL HUMAN; OSCILLATION; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VISUAL FEEDBACK;

EID: 84883412834     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.01092.2012     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (166)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0037213335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement-related changes in cortical oscillatory activity in ballistic, sustained and negative movements
    • Alegre M, Labarga A, Gurtubay IG, Iriarte J, Malanda A, Artieda J. Movement-related changes in cortical oscillatory activity in ballistic, sustained and negative movements. Exp Brain Res 148: 17-25, 2003.
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.148 , pp. 17-25
    • Alegre, M.1    Labarga, A.2    Gurtubay, I.G.3    Iriarte, J.4    Malanda, A.5    Artieda, J.6
  • 3
    • 0026507440 scopus 로고
    • Topographic mapping of the human motor cortex with magnetic stimulation: Factors affecting accuracy and reproducibility
    • Brasil-Neto JP, McShane LM, Fuhr P, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Topographic mapping of the human motor cortex with magnetic stimulation: factors affecting accuracy and reproducibility. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 85: 9-16, 1992.
    • (1992) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.85 , pp. 9-16
    • Brasil-Neto, J.P.1    McShane, L.M.2    Fuhr, P.3    Hallett, M.4    Cohen, L.G.5
  • 4
    • 77956368468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of brain-computer interface training and goal-directed physical therapy in chronic stroke: A case report
    • Broetz D, Braun C, Weber C, Soekadar SR, Caria A, Birbaumer N. Combination of brain-computer interface training and goal-directed physical therapy in chronic stroke: a case report. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24: 674-679, 2010.
    • (2010) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.24 , pp. 674-679
    • Broetz, D.1    Braun, C.2    Weber, C.3    Soekadar, S.R.4    Caria, A.5    Birbaumer, N.6
  • 5
    • 0035043430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triple stimulation technique to study central motor conduction to the lower limbs
    • Bühler R, Magistris MR, Truffert A, Hess CW, Rösler KM. The triple stimulation technique to study central motor conduction to the lower limbs. Clin Neurophysiol 112: 938-949, 2001.
    • (2001) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.112 , pp. 938-949
    • Bühler, R.1    Magistris, M.R.2    Truffert, A.3    Hess, C.W.4    Rösler, K.M.5
  • 7
    • 1642538206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between inhibitory and excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex
    • Chen R. Interactions between inhibitory and excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex. Exp Brain Res 154: 1-10, 2004.
    • (2004) Exp Brain Res , vol.154 , pp. 1-10
    • Chen, R.1
  • 9
    • 77954658305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticomotor excitability of wrist flexor and extensor muscles during active and passive movement
    • Chye L, Nosaka K, Murray L, Edwards D, Thickbroom G. Corticomotor excitability of wrist flexor and extensor muscles during active and passive movement. Hum Mov Sci 29: 494-501, 2010.
    • (2010) Hum Mov Sci , vol.29 , pp. 494-501
    • Chye, L.1    Nosaka, K.2    Murray, L.3    Edwards, D.4    Thickbroom, G.5
  • 10
    • 53949114223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-computer interfaces in neurological rehabilitation
    • Daly JJ, Wolpaw JR. Brain-computer interfaces in neurological rehabilitation. Lancet Neurol 7: 1032-1043, 2008.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 1032-1043
    • Daly, J.J.1    Wolpaw, J.R.2
  • 11
    • 73849128476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of a new application of noninvasive Brain Computer Interface (BCI): A case study of training for recovery of volitional motor control after stroke
    • Daly JJ, Cheng R, Rogers J, Litinas K, Hrovat K, Dohring M. Feasibility of a new application of noninvasive Brain Computer Interface (BCI): a case study of training for recovery of volitional motor control after stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther 33: 203-211, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurol Phys Ther , vol.33 , pp. 203-211
    • Daly, J.J.1    Cheng, R.2    Rogers, J.3    Litinas, K.4    Hrovat, K.5    Dohring, M.6
  • 12
    • 0018933987 scopus 로고
    • Postspike facilitation of forelimb muscle activity by primate corticomotoneuronal cells
    • Fetz EE, Cheney PD. Postspike facilitation of forelimb muscle activity by primate corticomotoneuronal cells. J Neurophysiol 44: 751-772, 1980.
    • (1980) J Neurophysiol , vol.44 , pp. 751-772
    • Fetz, E.E.1    Cheney, P.D.2
  • 18
    • 0033000390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic changes in corticospinal excitability during motor imagery
    • Hashimoto R, Rothwell JC. Dynamic changes in corticospinal excitability during motor imagery. Exp Brain Res 125: 75-81, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.125 , pp. 75-81
    • Hashimoto, R.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 19
    • 77956596622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in brain activity through virtual reality-based brain-machine communication in a chronic tetraplegic subject with muscular dystrophy
    • Hashimoto Y, Ushiba J, Kimura A, Liu M, Tomita Y. Change in brain activity through virtual reality-based brain-machine communication in a chronic tetraplegic subject with muscular dystrophy. BMC Neurosci 11: 117, 2010.
    • (2010) BMC Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 117
    • Hashimoto, Y.1    Ushiba, J.2    Kimura, A.3    Liu, M.4    Tomita, Y.5
  • 20
    • 0016812939 scopus 로고
    • An on-line transformation of EEG scalp potentials into orthogonal source derivations
    • Hjorth B. An on-line transformation of EEG scalp potentials into orthogonal source derivations. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 39: 526-530, 1975.
    • (1975) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 526-530
    • Hjorth, B.1
  • 21
    • 75249084023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor imagery in response to fake feedback measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy
    • Holper L, Wolf M. Motor imagery in response to fake feedback measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroimage 50: 190-197, 2010.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.50 , pp. 190-197
    • Holper, L.1    Wolf, M.2
  • 22
    • 0036158595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory control of acquired motor programmes in the human brain
    • Hummel F, Andres F, Altenmüller E, Dichgans J, Gerloff C. Inhibitory control of acquired motor programmes in the human brain. Brain 125: 404-420, 2002.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 404-420
    • Hummel, F.1    Andres, F.2    Altenmüller, E.3    Dichgans, J.4    Gerloff, C.5
  • 23
    • 0034213792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antagonistic voluntary contraction on motor responses in the forearm
    • Izumi S, Koyama Y, Furukawa T, Ishida A. Effect of antagonistic voluntary contraction on motor responses in the forearm. Clin Neurophysiol 111: 1008-1014, 2000.
    • (2000) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.111 , pp. 1008-1014
    • Izumi, S.1    Koyama, Y.2    Furukawa, T.3    Ishida, A.4
  • 24
    • 0031028590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for facilitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by motor imagery
    • Kasai T, Kawai S, Kawanishi M, Yahagi S. Evidence for facilitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by motor imagery. Brain Res 744: 147-150, 1997.
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.744 , pp. 147-150
    • Kasai, T.1    Kawai, S.2    Kawanishi, M.3    Yahagi, S.4
  • 25
    • 0021882277 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of corticomotoneuronal postspike facilitation and reciprocal suppression of EMG activity in monkey
    • Kasser RJ, Cheney PD. Characteristics of corticomotoneuronal postspike facilitation and reciprocal suppression of EMG activity in monkey. J Neurophysiol 53: 959-978, 1985.
    • (1985) J Neurophysiol , vol.53 , pp. 959-978
    • Kasser, R.J.1    Cheney, P.D.2
  • 27
    • 33845315253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG alpha oscillations: The inhibition-timing hypothesis
    • Klimesch W, Sauseng P, Hanslmayr S. EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis. Brain Res Rev 53: 63-88, 2007.
    • (2007) Brain Res Rev , vol.53 , pp. 63-88
    • Klimesch, W.1    Sauseng, P.2    Hanslmayr, S.3
  • 28
    • 0002580529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voluntary movement
    • In, (4th ed.), edited by Kandel ER, Schwarts JH, Jessell TM. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Krakauer J, Ghez C. Voluntary movement. In: Principles of Neural Science (4th ed.), edited by Kandel ER, Schwarts JH, Jessell TM. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000, p. 756-781.
    • (2000) Principles of Neural Science , pp. 756-781
    • Krakauer, J.1    Ghez, C.2
  • 30
    • 0042351067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic physiology of transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • edited by Pascual-Leone A, Davey NJ, Rothwell J, Wassermann EM, Puri BK. London: Arnold
    • Lemon R. Basic physiology of transcranial magnetic stimulation. In: Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, edited by Pascual-Leone A, Davey NJ, Rothwell J, Wassermann EM, Puri BK. London: Arnold, 2002, p. 61-77.
    • (2002) Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , pp. 61-77
    • Lemon, R.1
  • 31
    • 2642672813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial stimulation excites virtually all motor neurons supplying the target muscle. A demonstration and a method improving the study of motor evoked potentials
    • Magistris MR, Rösler KM, Truffert A, Myers JP. Transcranial stimulation excites virtually all motor neurons supplying the target muscle. A demonstration and a method improving the study of motor evoked potentials. Brain 121: 437-450, 1998.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 437-450
    • Magistris, M.R.1    Rösler, K.M.2    Truffert, A.3    Myers, J.P.4
  • 32
    • 77649185469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG oscillations and magnetically evoked motor potentials reflect motor system excitability in overlapping neuronal populations
    • Mäki H, Ilmoniemi RJ. EEG oscillations and magnetically evoked motor potentials reflect motor system excitability in overlapping neuronal populations. Clin Neurophysiol 121: 492-501, 2010.
    • (2010) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.121 , pp. 492-501
    • Mäki, H.1    Ilmoniemi, R.J.2
  • 33
    • 0031039755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans
    • Nakamura H, Kitagawa H, Kawaguchi Y, Tsuji H. Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans. J Physiol 498: 817-823, 1997.
    • (1997) J Physiol , vol.498 , pp. 817-823
    • Nakamura, H.1    Kitagawa, H.2    Kawaguchi, Y.3    Tsuji, H.4
  • 34
    • 28844443468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imagery of motor actions: Differential effects of kinesthetic and visual-motor mode of imagery in single-trial EEG
    • Neuper C, Scherer R, Reiner M, Pfurtscheller G. Imagery of motor actions: differential effects of kinesthetic and visual-motor mode of imagery in single-trial EEG. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 25: 668-677, 2005.
    • (2005) Brain Res Cogn Brain Res , vol.25 , pp. 668-677
    • Neuper, C.1    Scherer, R.2    Reiner, M.3    Pfurtscheller, G.4
  • 35
    • 33748467573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortex excitability changes preceding voluntary muscle activity in simple reaction time task
    • Nikolova M, Pondev N, Christova L, Wolf W, Kossev AR. Motor cortex excitability changes preceding voluntary muscle activity in simple reaction time task. Eur J Appl Physiol 98: 212-219, 2006.
    • (2006) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.98 , pp. 212-219
    • Nikolova, M.1    Pondev, N.2    Christova, L.3    Wolf, W.4    Kossev, A.R.5
  • 36
    • 0038401062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of motor cortex excitability in the left hemisphere during action observation: A single-and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation study of self-and non-self-action observation
    • Patuzzo S, Fiaschi A, Manganotti P. Modulation of motor cortex excitability in the left hemisphere during action observation: a single-and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation study of self-and non-self-action observation. Neuropsychologia 41: 1272-1278, 2003.
    • (2003) Neuropsychologia , vol.41 , pp. 1272-1278
    • Patuzzo, S.1    Fiaschi, A.2    Manganotti, P.3
  • 37
    • 0026625285 scopus 로고
    • Event-related synchronization (ERS): An electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest
    • Pfurtscheller G. Event-related synchronization (ERS): an electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 83: 62-69, 1992.
    • (1992) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 62-69
    • Pfurtscheller, G.1
  • 38
    • 33750307525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cortical activation model (CAM)
    • Pfurtscheller G. The cortical activation model (CAM). Prog Brain Res 159: 19-27, 2006.
    • (2006) Prog Brain Res , vol.159 , pp. 19-27
    • Pfurtscheller, G.1
  • 39
    • 33646561586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mu rhythm (de)synchronization and EEG single-trial classification of different motor imagery tasks
    • Pfurtscheller G, Brunner C, Schlögl A, Lopes da Silva FH. Mu rhythm (de)synchronization and EEG single-trial classification of different motor imagery tasks. Neuroimage 31: 153-159, 2006.
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.31 , pp. 153-159
    • Pfurtscheller, G.1    Brunner, C.2    Schlögl, A.3    Lopes da Silva, F.H.4
  • 40
    • 84865294278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling between intrinsic prefrontal HbO2 and central EEG beta power oscillations in the resting brain
    • Pfurtscheller G, Daly I, Bauernfeind G, Müller-Putz GR. Coupling between intrinsic prefrontal HbO2 and central EEG beta power oscillations in the resting brain. PLoS One 7: e43640, 2012.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Pfurtscheller, G.1    Daly, I.2    Bauernfeind, G.3    Müller-Putz, G.R.4
  • 41
    • 0032829330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: Basic principles
    • Pfurtscheller G, Lopes da Silva FH. Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles. Clin Neurophysiol 110: 1842-1857, 1999.
    • (1999) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.110 , pp. 1842-1857
    • Pfurtscheller, G.1    Lopes da Silva, F.H.2
  • 42
    • 54949125703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation with braincomputer interface systems
    • Pfurtscheller G, Muller-Putz G, Scherer R. Rehabilitation with braincomputer interface systems. Computer 41: 58-65, 2008.
    • (2008) Computer , vol.41 , pp. 58-65
    • Pfurtscheller, G.1    Muller-Putz, G.2    Scherer, R.3
  • 44
    • 78650012978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying a brain-computer interface to support motor imagery practice in people with stroke for upper limb recovery: A feasibility study
    • Prasad G, Herman P, Coyle D, McDonough S, Crosbie J. Applying a brain-computer interface to support motor imagery practice in people with stroke for upper limb recovery: a feasibility study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 7: 60, 2010.
    • (2010) J Neuroeng Rehabil , vol.7 , pp. 60
    • Prasad, G.1    Herman, P.2    Coyle, D.3    McDonough, S.4    Crosbie, J.5
  • 45
    • 0033546913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition in the human motor cortex is reduced just before a voluntary contraction
    • Reynolds C, Ashby P. Inhibition in the human motor cortex is reduced just before a voluntary contraction. Neurology 53: 730-735, 1999.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 730-735
    • Reynolds, C.1    Ashby, P.2
  • 46
    • 0031912559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticospinal excitability modulation during mental simulation of wrist movements in human subjects
    • Rossi S, Pasqualetti P, Tecchio F, Pauri F, Rossini PM. Corticospinal excitability modulation during mental simulation of wrist movements in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 243: 147-151, 1998.
    • (1998) Neurosci Lett , vol.243 , pp. 147-151
    • Rossi, S.1    Pasqualetti, P.2    Tecchio, F.3    Pauri, F.4    Rossini, P.M.5
  • 47
    • 0032938166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticospinal excitability modulation to hand muscles during movement imagery
    • Rossini PM, Rossi S, Pasqualetti P, Tecchio F. Corticospinal excitability modulation to hand muscles during movement imagery. Cereb Cortex 9: 161-167, 1999.
    • (1999) Cereb Cortex , vol.9 , pp. 161-167
    • Rossini, P.M.1    Rossi, S.2    Pasqualetti, P.3    Tecchio, F.4
  • 48
    • 0035862183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex
    • Sanger TD, Garg RR, Chen R. Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex. J Physiol 530: 307-317, 2001.
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.530 , pp. 307-317
    • Sanger, T.D.1    Garg, R.R.2    Chen, R.3
  • 49
    • 80155144298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of neurofeedback training with an electroencephalogram-based Brain-Computer Interface for hand paralysis in patients with chronic stroke: A preliminary case series study
    • Shindo K, Kawashima K, Ushiba J, Ota N, Ito M, Ota T, Kimura A, Liu M. Effects of neurofeedback training with an electroencephalogram-based Brain-Computer Interface for hand paralysis in patients with chronic stroke: a preliminary case series study. J Rehabil Med 43: 951-957, 2011.
    • (2011) J Rehabil Med , vol.43 , pp. 951-957
    • Shindo, K.1    Kawashima, K.2    Ushiba, J.3    Ota, N.4    Ito, M.5    Ota, T.6    Kimura, A.7    Liu, M.8
  • 50
    • 0023688791 scopus 로고
    • The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay
    • Steriade M, Llinás RR. The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay. Physiol Rev 68: 649-742, 1988.
    • (1988) Physiol Rev , vol.68 , pp. 649-742
    • Steriade, M.1    Llinás, R.R.2
  • 51
    • 50549182401 scopus 로고
    • Forebrain inhibitory mechanisms: Cortical synchronization induced by basal forebrain stimulation
    • Sterman MB, Clemente CD. Forebrain inhibitory mechanisms: cortical synchronization induced by basal forebrain stimulation. Exp Neurol 6: 91-102, 1962.
    • (1962) Exp Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 91-102
    • Sterman, M.B.1    Clemente, C.D.2
  • 52
    • 28644441747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinesthetic, but not visual, motor imagery modulates corticomotor excitability
    • Stinear CM, Byblow WD, Steyvers M, Levin O, Swinnen SP. Kinesthetic, but not visual, motor imagery modulates corticomotor excitability. Exp Brain Res 168: 157-164, 2006.
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.168 , pp. 157-164
    • Stinear, C.M.1    Byblow, W.D.2    Steyvers, M.3    Levin, O.4    Swinnen, S.P.5
  • 54
    • 6344294825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hand posture on corticospinal excitability during motor imagery: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Vargas CD, Olivier E, Craighero L, Fadiga L, Duhamel JR, Sirigu A. The influence of hand posture on corticospinal excitability during motor imagery: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Cereb Cortex 14: 1200-1206, 2004.
    • (2004) Cereb Cortex , vol.14 , pp. 1200-1206
    • Vargas, C.D.1    Olivier, E.2    Craighero, L.3    Fadiga, L.4    Duhamel, J.R.5    Sirigu, A.6
  • 56
    • 0026612363 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of 13 GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat brain. I. Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon
    • Wisden W, Laurie DJ, Monyer H, Seeburg PH. The distribution of 13 GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat brain. I. Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon. J Neurosci 12: 1040-1062, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 1040-1062
    • Wisden, W.1    Laurie, D.J.2    Monyer, H.3    Seeburg, P.H.4
  • 57
    • 0031782976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle is dependent on different motor images
    • Yahagi S, Kasai T. Facilitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle is dependent on different motor images. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 109: 409-417, 1998.
    • (1998) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.109 , pp. 409-417
    • Yahagi, S.1    Kasai, T.2
  • 58
    • 71849090514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative covariation between task-related responses in alpha/beta-band activity and BOLD in human sensorimotor cortex: An EEG and fMRI study of motor imagery and movements
    • Yuan H, Liu T, Szarkowski R, Rios C, Ashe J, He B. Negative covariation between task-related responses in alpha/beta-band activity and BOLD in human sensorimotor cortex: an EEG and fMRI study of motor imagery and movements. Neuroimage 49: 2596-2606, 2010.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.49 , pp. 2596-2606
    • Yuan, H.1    Liu, T.2    Szarkowski, R.3    Rios, C.4    Ashe, J.5    He, B.6
  • 59
    • 0031774373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dextromethorphan decreases the excitability of the human motor cortex
    • Ziemann U, Chen R, Cohen LG, Hallett M. Dextromethorphan decreases the excitability of the human motor cortex. Neurology 51: 1320-1324, 1998.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 1320-1324
    • Ziemann, U.1    Chen, R.2    Cohen, L.G.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 60
    • 0029787246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Ziemann U, Lönnecker S, Steinhoff BJ, Paulus W. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol 40: 367-378, 1996.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 367-378
    • Ziemann, U.1    Lönnecker, S.2    Steinhoff, B.J.3    Paulus, W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.