Seed supply for broadscale restoration: Maximizing evolutionary potential

Evolutionary Applications

Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 587-597

  Broadhurst, Linda M ^a   Lowe, Andrew ^b   Coates, David J ^c   Cunningham, Saul A ^a   McDonald, Maurice ^a   Vesk, Peter A ^d   Yates, Colin ^c  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^c DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Evolutionary potential; Genetic diversity; Germplasm; Provenance; Quality; Restoration; Seed

Indexed keywords

EID: 84883281671     PISSN: 17524563     EISSN: 17524571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00045.x     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Andersen, A. N. 1989. How important is seed predation to recruitment in stable populations of long-lived perennials? Oecologia 81:310-315.
2. Armbruster, P., and D. H. Reed. 2005. Inbreeding depression in benign and stressful environments. Heredity 95:235-242.
3. Bacles, C. F. E., A. J. Lowe, and R. A. Ennos. 2006. Seed dispersal across a fragmented landscape. Science 311:628.
4. Barrett, S. C. H., and J. R. Kohn. 1991. Genetic and evolutionary consequences of small population size in plants: implications for conservation. In D. A. Falk, and K. E. Holsinger, eds. Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants, pp. 3-30. Oxford University Press, New York.
5. Bernal, R. 1998. Demography of the vegetable ivory palm Phytelephas seemannii. Journal of Applied Ecology 35:64-74.
6. Bischoff, A., L. Cremieux, M. Smilauerova, C. S. Lawson, S. R. Mortimer, J. Dolezal, V. Lanta et al. 2006. Detecting local adaptation in widespread grassland species - the importance of scale and local plant community. Journal of Ecology 94:1130-1142.
7. Bond, W. J., and B. W. van Wilgen. 1996. Fire and Plants. Chapman and Hall, London.
8. Bower, A. D., and S. N. Aitken. 2008. Ecological genetics and seed transfer guidelines for Pinus albicaulis (Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany 95:66-76.
9. Broadhurst, L. M., and A. G. Young. 2006. Reproductive constraints to the long-term persistence of fragmented Acacia dealbata (Mimosaceae) populations in southeast Australia. Biological Conservation 133:512-526.
10. Brown, A. H. D., and J. D. Briggs. 1991. Sampling strategies for genetic variation in ex situ collections of endangered plant species. In D. A. Falk, and K. E. Holsinger, eds. Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants, pp. 99-148. Oxford University Press, New York.
11. Brown, A. H. D., and D. R. Marshall. 1995. A basic sampling strategy: theory and practice. In L. Guarino, V. R. Rao, and R. Reid, eds. Collecting Plant Genetic Diversity Technical Guidelines, pp. 75-91. CAB International, Oxon.
12. Buck, J. M., R. S. Adams, J. Cone, M. T. Conkle, W. J. Libby, C. J. Eden, and M. J. Knight. 1970. Californian Tree Seed Zones. U.S. Forest Service, San Francisco.
13. Byrne, M., C. P. Elliott, C. Yates, and D. J. Coates. 2007. Extensive pollen dispersal in a bird-pollinated shrub, Calothamnus quadrifidus, in a fragmented landscape. Molecular Ecology 16:1303-1314.
14. Callaham, R. Z. 1964. Provenance research: Investigation of genetic diversity associated with geography. Unasylva 18:40-50.
15. Center for Plant Conservation. 1991. Genetic sampling guidelines for conservation collections of endangered plants. In D. A. Falk, and K. E. Holsinger, eds. Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants, pp. 225-238. Oxford University Press, New York.
16. Coates, D. J., J. Sampson, and C. Yates. 2007. Plant mating systems and assessing population persistence in fragmented landscapes. Australian Journal of Botany 55:239-349.
17. Conservation Commission of Western Australia. 2004. Forest Management Plan 2004-2014. Conservation Commission of Western Australia, Perth.
18. Cowling, R. M., and B. B. Lamont. 1987. Post-fire recruitment of four co-occurring Banksia species. Journal of Applied Ecology 24:645-658.
19. Crawley, M. J. 1992. Seed predators and plant population dynamics. In M. Fenner, ed. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, pp. 157-191. C.A.B. International, Wallingford.
20. Cunningham, S. A., R. B. Floyd, M. W. Griffiths, and F. R. Wylie. 2005. Patterns of host use by the shoot borer Hypsipyla robusta (Pyralidae:Lepitoptera) comparing five Meliaceae tree species in Asia and Australia. Forest Ecology and Management 205:351-357.
21. Dick, C. W. 2001. Genetic rescue of remnant tropical trees by an alien pollinator. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268:2391-2396.
22. Dudash, M. R., C. J. Murren, and D. E. Carr. 2005. Using Mimulus as a model system to understand the role of inbreeding in conservation: genetic and ecological approaches. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 92:36-51.
23. Edmands, S. 2007. Between a rock and a hard place: evaluating the relative risks on inbreeding and outbreeding for conservation and management. Molecular Ecology 16:463-475.
24. Ellstrand, N. C., and D. R. Elam. 1993. Population genetics consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annual Review of Ecology Systematics 24:217-242.
25. Ennos, R. A., R. Worrell, and D. C. Malcolm. 1998. The genetic management of native species in Scotland. Forestry 71:1-23.
26. Enright, N. J., and B. B. Lamont. 1989. Seed banks, fire season, safe sites and seedling recruitment in five co-occurring Banksia species. Journal of Ecology 77:1111-1122.
27. Erikson, D. L., and C. B. Fenster. 2006. Intraspecific hybridization and the recovery of fitness in the native legume Chamaecrista fasciculata. Evolution 60:225-233.
28. Falk, D. A., E. E. Knapp, and E. O. Guerrant. 2001. An Introduction to Restoration Genetics. Plant Conservation Alliance, Bureau of Land Management, US Department of Interior, US Environmental Protection Authority, http://www.ser.org/pdf/SER-restoration-genetics.pdf.
29. Fenster, C. B., and M. R. Dudash. 1994. Genetic considerations for plant population restoration and conservations. In M. L. Bowles, and C. J. Whelan, eds. Restoration of Endangered Species, pp. 34-62. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
30. Galloway, L. F., and C. B. Fenster. 2000. Population differentiation in an annual legume: local adaptation. Evolution 54:1173-1181.
31. Gordon, D. R., and K. J. Rice. 1998. Patterns of differentiation in wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana): implications for restoration. Restoration Ecology 6:166-174.
32. Guerrant, E. O., P. L. Fiedler, K. Havens, and M. Maunder. 2004. Revised genetic sampling guidelines for conservation collections of rare and endangered plants. In E. O. Guerrant, K. Havens, and M. Maunder, eds. Ex Situ Plant Conservation, pp. 419-438. Island Press, Washington.
33. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London.
34. Harris, J. A., R. J. Hobbs, E. Higgs, and J. Aronson. 2006. Ecological restoration and global climate change. Restoration Ecology 14:170-176.
35. Hedrick, P. W. 2005. 'Genetic restoration:' a more comprehensive perspective than 'genetic rescue'. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20:109.
36. Hobbs, R. J., and C. J. Yates. 2000. Temperate eucalypt woodlands in Australia: an overview. In R. J. Hobbs, and C. J. Yates, eds. Temperate Eucalypt Woodlands in Australia: Biology, Conservation, Management and Restoration, pp. 1-5. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping North.
37. Hoebee, S. E., and A. G. Young. 2001. Low neighbourhood size and high interpopulation differentiation in the endangered shrub Grevillea iaspicula McGill (Proteaceae). Heredity 86:489-496.
38. Hufford, K. M., and S. J. Mazer. 2003. Plant ecotypes: genetic differentiation in the age of ecological genetics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18:147-155.
39. Johansen-Morris, A. D., and R. G. Latta. 2006. Fitness consequences of hybridization between ecotypes of Avena barbata: hybrid breakdown, hybrid vigor, and transgressive segregation. Evolution 60:1585-1595.
40. Jones, A. T., M. J. Hayes, and N. R. Sackville Hamilton. 2001. The effect of provenance on the performance of Crataegus monogyna in hedges. Journal of Applied Ecology 38:952-962.
41. Joshi, J., B. Schmid, M. C. Caldeira, P. G. Dimitrakopoulos, J. Good, R. Harris, A. Hector et al. 2001. Local adaptation enhances performance of common plant species. Ecology Letters 4:536-544.
42. Keeley, J. E. 1977. Seed production seed populations in soil and seedling production after fire for two congeneric pairs of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral scrubs. Ecology 58:820-829.
43. Keller, L. F., and D. M. Waller. 2002. Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17:230-241.
44. Keller, M., J. Kollman, and P. J. Edwards. 2000. Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 37:647-659.
45. Knapp, E. E., and A. R. Dyer. 1998. When do genetic considerations require special approaches to ecological restoration? In P. L. Fielder, and P. M. Kareiva, eds. Conservation Biology for the Coming Decade, pp. 346-363. Chapman and Hall, New York.
46. Lamont, B. B., E. T. F. Witkowski, and N. J. Enright. 1993. Post-fire litter microsites: safe for seeds, unsafe for seedlings. Ecology 74:501-512.
47. Lamont, B. B., R. Marsula, N. J. Enright, and E. T. F. Witkowski. 2001. Conservation requirements of an exploited wildflower: modelling the effects of plant age, growing conditions and harvest intensity. Biological Conservation 99:157-168.
48. Lienert, J. 2004. Habitat fragmentation effects on fitness of plant populations - a review. Journal for Nature Conservation 12:53-72.
49. Linhart, Y. B., and M. C. Grant. 1996. Evolutionary significance of local genetic differentiation in plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:237-277.
50. Lowe, A. J., D. H. Boshier, D. Ward, C. F. E. Bacles, and C. Navarro. 2005. Genetic resource loss following habitat fragmentation and degradation; reconciling predicted theory with empirical evidence. Heredity 95:255-273.
51. Marshall, D. R., and A. H. D. Brown. 1975. Optimum sampling strategies in genetic conservation. In O. H. Frankel, and J. C. Hawkes, eds. Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow, pp. 53-80. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
52. Maze, K. E., and W. J. Bond. 1996. Are Protea populations seed limited? Implications for wildflower harvesting in Cape fynbos. Australian Journal of Ecology 21:96-105.
53. McKay, J. K., C. E. Christian, S. P. Harrison, and K. J. Rice. 2005. "How local is local?" - A review of practical and conceptual issues in the genetics of restoration. Restoration Ecology 13:432-440.
54. Menges, E. S., E. O. Guerrant, and S. Hamze. 2004. Effects of seed collection on the extinction risk of perennial plants. In E. O. Guerrant, K. Havens, and M. Maunder, eds. Ex-situ Plant Conservation, pp. 305-324. Island Press, Washington.
55. Montalvo, A. M., and N. C. Ellstrand. 2000. Transplantation of the subshrub Lotus scoparius: testing the home-site advantage hypothesis. Conservation Biology 14:1034-1045.
56. Mortlock, W. 2000a. Local seed for revegetation. Where will all that seed come from? Ecological Management and Restoration 1:93-101.
57. Mortlock, W. 2000b. Seed collection from woody plants for local revegetation. FloraBank Guidelines 2000. http://www.florabank.org.au/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=879.
58. Munzbergova, Z., and T. Herben. 2005. Seed, dispersal, microsite, habitat and recruitment: identification of terms and concepts in studies of limitations. Oecologia 145:1-8.
59. Murali, K. S., U. Shankar, R. U. Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, and K. S. Bawa. 1996. Extraction of non-timber forest products of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 2. Impact of NFTP extraction on regeneration, population structure, and species composition. Economic Botany 50:252-269.
60. Murren, C. J., L. Douglass, A. Gibson, and M. R. Dudash. 2006. Individual and combined effects of Ca/Mg ratio and water on trait expression in Mimulus guttatus. Ecology 87:2591-2602.
61. Nathan, R. 2006. Long-distance dispersal in plants. Science 313:786-788.
62. O'Brien, E. K., R. A. Mazanec, and S. L. Krauss. 2007. Provenance variation of ecologically important traits of forest trees: implications for restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology 44:583-593.
63. O'Dowd, D. J., and A. M. Gill. 1984. Predator satiation and site alteration following fire: mass reproduction of alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) in southeastern Australia. Ecology 65:1052-1066.
64. Ouborg, N. J., and R. van Treuren. 1995. Variation in fitnessrelated characters among small and large populations of Salvia pratensis. Journal of Ecology 83:369-380.
65. Parker, W. H. 1992. Focal point seed zones: site-specific seed zones delineation using geographic information systems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22:267-271.
66. Parker, W. H., and A. van Niejenhuis. 1996. Seed Zone Delineation for Jack Pine in the Former Northwest Region of Ontario Using Short-Term Testing and Geographic Information Systems. NODA/NFP Technical Report No. TR-35, Ontario.
67. Peres, C. A., C. Baider, P. Zuidema, L. H. O. Wadt, K. A. Kainer, D. A. P. Gomes-Silva, R. P. Salomao et al. 2003. Demographic threats to the sustainability of Brazil nut exploitation. Science 302:2112-2114.
68. Potts, B. M., R. C. Barbour, A. B. Hingston, and R. E. Vaillancourt. 2003. Genetic pollution of native eucalypt gene pools - identifying the risks. Australian Journal of Botany 51:1-25.
69. Raabova, J., Z. Munzbergova, and M. Fischer. 2007. Ecological rather than geographical or genetic distance affects local adaptation of the rare perennial herb, Aster amellus. Biological Conservation 139:348-357.
70. Randall, W. K., and P. Berrang. 2002. Washington Tree Seed Transfer Zones. Washington Department of Natural Resources, Washington, DC.
71. Rapson, G. L., and J. B. Wilson. 1988. Non-adaptation in Agrostis capillaris L. (Poaceae). Functional Ecology 2:479-490.
72. Rice, K. J., and R. N. Mack. 1991. Ecological genetics of Bromus tectorum. Oecologia 88:91-101.
73. Sambatti, J. B. M., and K. J. Rice. 2006. Local adaptation, patterns of selection, and gene flow in the Californian serpentine sunflower (Helianthus exilis). Evolution 60:696- 710.
74. Sampson, J. F., D. J. Coates, and S. J. van Leeuwen. 1996. Mating system variation in animal-pollinated rare and endangered plant populations in Western Australia. In S. D.
75. Svenning, J. C., and J. Wright. 2005. Seed limitation in a Panamanian forest. Journal of Ecology 93:852-862.
76. Templeton, A. R.. 1986. Coadaptation and outbreeding depression. In M. E. Soule, ed. Conservation Biology The Science of Scarcity and Diversity, pp. 105-116. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland.
77. Touchell, D. H., M. Richardson, and K. W. Dixon, eds. 1997. Germplasm Conservation Guidelines for Australia: An Introduction to the Principles and Practices for Seed and Germplasm Banking of Australian Species. Australian Network for Plant Conservation, Canberra.
78. Turesson, G. 1925. The plant species in relation to habitat and climate. Hereditas 6:147-236.
79. Turnbull, L. A., M. J. Crawley, and M. Rees. 2000. Are plant populations seed-limited? A review of seed sowing experiments. Oikos 88:225-238. Vesk, P. A., and J. W. Dorrough. 2006. Getting trees on farms the easy way? Lessons from a model of eucalypt regeneration on pastures. Australian Journal of Botany 54:509-519.
80. Vesk, P. A., and J. W. Dorrough. 2006. Getting trees on farms the easy way? Lessons from a model of eucalypt regeneration on pastures. Australian Journal of Botany 54:509-519
81. Ward, M., C. W. Dick, R. Gribel, M. Lemes, H. Caron, and A. J. Lowe. 2005. To inbreed, or not to inbreed: A review of mating systems and pollen dispersal variance in neotropical trees. Heredity 95:246-254.
82. Wellington, A. B., and I. R. Noble. 1985. Seed dynamics and factors limiting recruitment of the mallee Eucalyptus incrassata in semi-arid, south-eastern Australia. Journal of Ecology 73:657-666.
83. Whelan, R. J. 1995. The Ecology of Fire. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
84. Wilkinson, D. M. 2001. Is local provenance important in habitat creation? Journal of Applied Ecology 38:1371-1373.
85. Yates, C. J., R. J. Hobbs, and R. W. Bell. 1994. Factors limiting the recruitment of Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell. in remnant woodlands 1. Pattern of flowering, seed production and seed fall. Australian Journal of Botany 42:531-542.
86. Yates, C. J., R. Taplin, R. J. Hobbs, and R. W. Bell. 1995. Factors limiting the recruitment of Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell. in remnant woodlands 2. Post dispersal seed predation and soil seed reserves. Australian Journal of Botany 43:145-155.
87. Yates, C. J., R. J. Hobbs, and R. W. Bell. 1996. Factors limiting the recruitment of Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell. in remnant woodlands 3. Conditions necessary for seed germination. Australian Journal of Botany 44:283-296.
88. Yates, C. J., C. Elliot, M. Byrne, D. J. Coates, and R. Fairman. 2007. Seed production, germinability and seedling growth for a shrub in fragments of species rich kwongon in south-west Australia. Biological Conservation 136:306-314.
89. Young, A. G., A. H. D. Brown, B. G. Murray, P. H. Thrall, and C. Miller. 2000. Genetic erosion, restricted mating and reduced viability in fragmented populations of the endangered grassland herb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides. In A. G.