Emotional dysregulation, alexithymia, and attachment in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Epilepsy and Behavior

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 178-183

  Brown, Richard J ^a   Bouska, Julia F ^a   Frow, Anna ^a   Kirkby, Antonia ^b   Baker, Gus A ^c   Kemp, Steven ^d   Burness, Christine ^c   Reuber, Markus ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b HOPE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c WALTON CENTRE FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

^d ST JAMES S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Alexithymia; Attachment; Conversion disorder; Emotional regulation; Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALEXITHYMIA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DIFFICULTIES IN EMOTION REGULATION SCALE; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL DISEASE; PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE 9; PSYCHOGENIC NONEPILEPTIC SEIZURE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELATIONSHIP SCALE QUESTIONNAIRE; SOMATIZATION; SOMATOFORM DISSOCIATION QUESTIONNAIRE 20; TORONTO ALEXITHYMIA SCALE;

ALEXITHYMIA; ATTACHMENT; CONVERSION DISORDER; EMOTIONAL REGULATION; PSYCHOGENIC NONEPILEPTIC SEIZURES;

ADULT; AFFECTIVE SYMPTOMS; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC DISORDERS; QUESTIONNAIRES; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 84883204646     PISSN: 15255050     EISSN: 15255069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.07.019     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Szaflarski J.P., Ficker D.M., Cahill W.T., Privitera M.D. Four-year incidence of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in adults in Hamilton County, OH. Neurology 2000, 55:1561-1563.
2. LaFrance, Alper K., Babcock D., Barry J., Benbadis S., Caplan R., et al. Nonepileptic seizures treatment workshop summary. Epilepsy Behav 2006, 8(3):451-461.
3. Carson A.J., Brown R., David A.S., Duncan R., Edwards M.J., Goldstein L.H., et al. Functional (conversion) neurological symptoms: research since the millennium. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012, 83:842-850.
4. Owczarek K., Jedrzejczak J., Owczarek F. Comparison of personality profiles of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and patients hospitalized for other dissociative disorders. Acta Neuropsychol 2008, 6(3):253-267.
5. Johnson A., Storzbach D., Binder L., Barkhuizen A., Kent Anger W., Salinsky M., et al. MMPI-2 profiles: fibromyalgia patients compared to epileptic and non-epileptic seizure patients. Clin Neuropsychol 2010, 24(2):220-234.
6. Kalogjera-Sackellares D., Sackellares J. Personality profiles of patients with pseudoseizures. Seizure 1997, 6(1):1-7.
7. Drake M.E., Pakalnis A., Phillips B.B. Neuropsychological and psychiatric correlates of intractable pseudoseizures. Seizure 1992, 1(1):11-13.
8. Derry P., McLachlan R. The MMPI-2 as an adjunct to the diagnosis of pseudoseizures. Seizure 1996, 5(1):35-40.
9. Breuer J., Freud S. Studies on hysteria. The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud 1893, Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, London. J. Strachey, A. Strachey (Eds.).
10. Bewley J., Murphy P., Mallows J., Baker G. Does alexithymia differentiate between patients with nonepileptic seizures, patients with epilepsy, and nonpatient controls?. Epilepsy Behav 2005, 7(3):430-437.
11. Waller E., Scheidt C.E. Somatoform disorders as disorders of affect regulation: a development perspective. Int Rev Psychiatry 2006, 18(1):13-24.
12. Bodde N., Bartelet D., Ploegmakers M., Lazeron R., Aldenkamp A., Boon P., et al. MMPI-II personality profiles of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2011, 20(4):674-680.
13. Mazza M., Marca G., Martini A., Scoppetta M., Vollono C., Valenti M., et al. Non-epileptic seizures (NES) are predicted by depressive and dissociative symptoms. Epilepsy Res 2009, 84(2-3):91-96.
14. Tojek T., Lumley M., Barkley G., Mahr G., Thomas A. Stress and other psychosocial characteristics of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Psychosomatics 2000, 41(3):221-226.
15. Bodde N., Brooks J., Baker G., Boon P., Hendriksen J., Mulder O., et al. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures-definition, etiology, treatment and prognostic issues: a critical review. Seizure 2009, 18(8):543-553.
16. Fiszman A., Alves-Leon S., Nunes R., D'Andrea I., Figueira I. Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a critical review. Epilepsy Behav 2004, 5(6):818-825.
17. Cragar D., Berry D., Schmitt F., Fakhoury T. Cluster analysis of normal personality traits in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2005, 6(4):593-600.
18. Reuber M., Pukrop R., Bauer J., Derfuss R., Elger C. Multidimensional assessment of personality in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004, 75(5):743-748.
19. Uliaszek A.A., Prensky E., Baslet G. Emotion regulation profiles in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2012, 23:364-369.
20. Baslet G. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a model of their pathogenic mechanism. Seizure 2011, 20(1):1-13.
21. Lacey C., Cook M., Salzberg M. The neurologist, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, and borderline personality disorder. Epilepsy Behav 2007, 11(4):492-498.
22. Gratz K.L., R.L Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2004, 26:41-54.
23. Bagby R., Parker J.D., Taylor G.J. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res 1994, 38:23-32.
24. Bagby R., Taylor G.J., Parker J.D. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. J Psychosom Res 1994, 38:33-40.
25. Griffin D.W., Bartholomew K. Models of the self and other: fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. J Pers Soc Psychol 1994, 67:430-445.
26. Kurdek L.A. On being insecure about the assessment of attachment styles. J Soc Pers Relatsh 2002, 19:811-834.
27. Spitzer R.L., Kroenke K., Williams J.B., Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:1092-1097.
28. Kroenke K., Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B. The PHQ-15: validity of a new measure for evaluating the severity of somatic symptoms. Psychosom Med 2002, 64:258-266.
29. Nijenhuis E.R., Spinhoven P., Van Dyck R., Van Der Hart O. The development and psychometric characteristics of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). J Nerv Ment Dis 1996, 184:688-694.
30. Nijenhuis E.R. Somatoform dissociation: phenomena, measurement, & theoretical issues 2004, Norton, New York.
31. Field A. Discovering statistics using SPSS 2005, Sage Publications Ltd., London. 2nd ed.
32. Goldstein L., Deale A., Mitchell-O'Malley S., Toone B., Mellers J. An evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy as a treatment for dissociative seizures: a pilot study. Cogn Behav Neurol 2004, 17(1):41-49.
33. Kooiman C.G., Spinhoven P., Trijsburg R.W. The assessment of alexithymia: a critical review of the literature and a psychometric study of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. J Psychosom Res 2002, 53:1083-1090.
34. Brown R.J. Psychological mechanisms of medically unexplained symptoms: an integrative conceptual model. Psychol Bull 2004, 130:793-812.
35. Brown R.J. Different types of "dissociation" have different psychological mechanisms. J Trauma Dissociation 2006, 7:7-28.
36. Brown R.J. Dissociation and somatoform disorders. Dissociation and cognitive therapy 2013, 133-147. Routledge, London. F. Kennedy, H. Kennerley, D. Pearson (Eds.).
37. Brown R.J., Syed T.U., Benbadis S., LaFrance W.C., Reuber M. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2011, 22:85-93.
38. Holman N., Kirkby A., Duncan S., Brown R.J. Adult attachment style and childhood interpersonal trauma in non-epileptic attack disorder. Epilepsy Res 2008, 79(1):84-89.
39. Lally N., Spence W., McCusker C., Craig J., Morrow J. Psychological processes and histories associated with nonepileptic versus epileptic seizure presentations. Epilepsy Behav 2010, 17(3):360-365.
40. Duncan R., Oto M. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in patients with learning disability: comparison with patients with no learning disability. Epilepsy Behav 2008, 12:183-186.